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Nucleobindin-2 (also known as NUCB2 or Nesfatin) is a EF-hand calcium-binding protein. Nucleobindin-2 takes part in calcium homeostasis and is a multifunctional protein that interacts with Ca(2+) nucleic acids & various regulatory proteins in different signaling pathways. NUCB2 (Nesfatin) is localized in neuronal perikarya and dendrites of mouse brain.

BIN2, also known as Bridging Integrator 2, is a cytoplasmic protein. BIN2 comprises one BAR domain and Interacts with BIN1. BIN2 is highly expressed in some hematopoietic tissues, including peripheral blood, colon, thymus and placenta. BIN2 stimulates cell motility and migration, most likely through its interaction with the cell membrane and with podosome proteins which mediate interaction with the cytoskeleton and likewise modulates membrane curvature & mediates membrane tubulation.

BRCA2 And CDKN1A Interacting Protein (BCCIP) is a nuclear protein with multiple interacting domains which remained conserved throughout the evolution. BCCIP is an important cofactor for BRCA2 in tumor suppression, and a modulator of CDK2 kinase activity via p21. BCCIP takes also part in the regulation of BRCA2 and RAD51 nuclear focus formation, doublestrand break-induced homologous recombination, and cell cycle progression.

SCO Cytochrome Oxidase Deficient Homolog 1, also known as SCO1 is a member of the SCO1/2 family. Mammalian cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the transfer of reducing equivalents from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, in yeast, two related COX assembly genes, SCO1 & SCO2 which are synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase, enable subunits 1 as well as 2 to be incorporated into the holoprotein. This gene is the human homolog to the yeast SCO1 gene. Among the diseases associated with SCO1 are hepatic failure, early-onset, neurologic disorder due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and fatal infantile cytochrome c oxidase deficiency.

HIF1A has a role as a master transcriptional monitor of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions HIF1A activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including, erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, and genes whose protein products increase oxygen release or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. HIF1A functions as an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease.

PINK1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase which is found in the mitochondria. PINK1 shields cells from stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Mutations results in one form of autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson disease.

Musashi RNA-Binding Protein 2 (MSI2), is RNA binding protein which owns 2 conserved tandem RNA recognition motifs. MSI2 takes part in proliferation and maintenance of stem cells in the central nervous system. Comparable proteins in other species function as RNA-binding proteins and take part in posttranscriptional gene regulation.

SERF2 (small EDRK-rich factor 2) is a member of the SERF family. SERF2 is a protein-coding gene. Among the diseases associated with SERF2 are spinal muscular atrophy, and muscular atrophy.

CTK-19 is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. Unlike its related family members, this smallest known acidic cytokeratin is not paired with a basic cytokeratin in epithelial cells. It is specifically expressed in the periderm, the transiently superficial layer that envelopes the developing epidermis. The type I cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21.

Transferrin is the iron-transport protein of vertebrate serum and donates iron to cells through interaction with a specific membrane receptor, CD71. Transferrin appears to be indispensable for most cells growing in tissue culture.
It is referred to frequently as a growth factor because, in analogy to other growth factor-receptor interactions, proliferating cells express high numbers of transferrin receptors, and the binding of transferrin to their receptors is needed for cells to initiate and maintain their DNA synthesis. Apart from its role as an iron transport protein transferrin acts as a cytokine and has functions that may not be related to its iron-carrying capacity.
Human Transferrin is a crucial component for the cultivation of mammalian cells in-vitro. Human Transferrin is Critical for long-term cells growth in-vitro. Human Transferrin is used as detoxificant in media by binding contaminating metal ions. Human Transferrin is often used as a nutrient in fermentation media for recombinant protein and biopharmaceutical production. Additional common uses of Human Transferrin areMolecular weight, Affinity purification of anti-human transferrin antibodies and also as receptor mediated transfection of molecules such as DNA, into cells.

a-Synuclein (amino acids 1-140), an acidic neuronal protein of 140 amino acids, is extremely heat-resistant and is natively unfolded with an extended structure primarily composed of random coils. a-synuclein has been suggested to be implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders, and more recently, to be an important regulatory component of vesicular transport in neuronal cells. Moreover, recent studies have shown that a-synuclein has chaperone activity and that this activity is lost upon removing its C-terminal acidic tail (amino acids 96-140).

KCTD15 protein is encoded in humans by the KCTD15 gene. KCTD15 is expressed at a high level in the brain and the hypothalamus. The potassium channel KCTD15 was identified as a genetic loci linked to higher than normal BMI in humans along with genes such as GNPDA2, MTCH2, FTO, and TMEM18. SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) in non-diabetic and diabetic patients showed that FTO was most strongly associated with obesity while MTCH2 and GNPDA2 were still notably associated with higher than normal BMI levels.

SARS Coronavirus is an enveloped virus containing three outer structural proteins, namely the membrane (M), envelope (E), and spike (S) proteins. Spike (S)-glycoprotein of the virus interacts with a cellular receptor and mediates membrane fusion to allow viral entry into susceptible target cells. Accordingly, S-protein plays an important role in virus infection cycle and is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies.

ZMAT3 is a protein with a nuclear localization signal and 3 zinc finger domains. The mRNA and the protein of this gene are upregulated by wildtype p53. When overexpressed, ZMAT3 can produce tumor cell growth, indicating that ZMAT3 takes part in the p53-dependent growth regulatory pathway. Alternative splicing of ZMAT3 produce two transcript variants encoding two isoforms differing in only one amino acid.

Fibronectin Leucine Rich Transmembrane Protein 3, also known as FLRT3 is a member of the fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein (FLRT) family. FLRT3 contains one fibronectin type-III domain as well as 10 LRR (leucine-rich) repeats and is expressed in the kidney, brain, pancreas, skeletal muscle, lung, liver, placenta, and heart. In addition, the members of the FLRT family play a role in cell adhesion as well as receptor signaling. FLRT3 has been implicated in neurite outgrowth after nerve damage, as a positive regulator of FGF signalling and in homotypic cell adhesion. Furthermore, FLRT3 has an essential function in regulating cellular adhesion among the epithelial apical ridge and the underlying mesenchyme and also in the establishment of the dorso-ventral position of the ridge.

Norrie Disease (NDP) is a secreted regulatory protein which activates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway through FZD4 and LRP5 coreceptor. NDP takes part in retinal vascularization by acting as a ligand for FZD4 which signals through stabilizing beta-catenin (CTNNB1) and activating LEF/TCF-mediated transcriptional programs. NDP is involved in a pathway that regulates neural cell differentiation and proliferation and also in neuroectodermal cell-cell interaction.

AFP is normally synthesized in the liver, intestinal tract, and yolk sac of the fetus. Antibody to AFP has been shown to be useful in detecting hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and germ cell neoplasms, especially yolk sac tumors.

Family with Sequence Similarity 3, Member D (FAM3D) is a member of the FAM3 family. The FAM3D gene is linked to narcolepsy and diabetes mellitus in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, however FAM3D function of remains vague. FAM3D is amply expressed in the placenta and weakly expressed in the small intestine.

Nectin Cell Adhesion Molecule 2, also known as NECTIN2, is a Ca(2+)-independent cell-cell adhesion molecule which is one of the plasma membrane components of adherens junctions. NECTIN2 takes a vital part in the establishment of homotypic as well as heterotypic cell to cell contacts. NECTIN2 is essential for resisting herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in transfected cells. NECTIN2 is also a possible target for antibody therapy of breast & ovarian cancers. NECTIN2 might be related with human longevity. Two diseases which have been associated with NECTIN2 are Herpes Simplex and Ovarian Cystic Teratoma.

Tropic 1808 is a candidate chemotropic factor induced by nerve injury. Tpc1808 protein, similar to NGF, could promote the expression of NF-H in a time-dependent manner. Tpc1808 is the gene related to promotion of nerve growth, and both the Tpc1808 gene and the Tpc1808 recombinant protein up-regulate the expression of NF-H in PC12 cells.

Ras-related protein Rab-5B (RAB5B) belongs to the Rab family of small (monomeric) G proteins. RAB5B is involved in endocytosis and recycling of cell surface molecules. RAB5B interacts with RIN2 and RIN3, which regulate its function, possibly by acting as GEFs. Knockdown of RAB5B abolished group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-mediated neuroprotection.

ROBLD3 is a member of the GAMAD family. ROBLD3 is an adapter protein which enhances the efficiency of the MAP kinase cascade and facilitates the activation of MAPK2. ROBLD3 compels the recruitment of MP1 to late endosomes where they form a very stable heterodimeric complex required for ERK activation on endosomes. In humans, a mutation in the ROBLD3 gene has been associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome, and suggests a role for the ROBLD3 protein in endosomal biogenesis.