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CAMLG binds to cyclophilin B and operates downstream of the TCR and upstream of calcineurin by causing an influx of calcium. CAMLG is an essential membrane protein that takes part in the calcium signal transduction pathway, connecting cyclophilin B to calcium signaling.

Caspase Recruitment Domain Family, Member 17 (CARD17) is a regulator of procaspase-1/CASP1 activation involved in the regulation of the proteolytic maturation of pro-IL-1beta/IL1B and its release throughout inflammation. CARD17 inhibits the release of IL1B in reaction to LPS in monocytes. Though, unlike CASP1, CARD17 do not induce NF-kappa-B activation.

Folate Receptor 1, also known as FOLR1, is a part of the folate receptor family whose members bind folic acid. FOLR1 binds to folate and reduced folic acid derivatives and facilitates transfer of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folate analogs into the cells. FOLR1 is either attaches to membranes through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage or exists in a soluble form. FOLR1 is also needed for embryonic development and normal cell proliferation.

CENPH is a member of the centromere protein H family. CENPH protein is a component of the CENPA-NAC (nucleosome-associated) complex which has a vital part in assembly of kinetochore proteins. The CENPA-NAC complex utilizes the CENPA-CAD (nucleosome distal) complex and is involved in integration of freshly synthesized CENPA into centromeres.

Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) is a member of a subgroup of transcription factors which are phosphorylated upon binding to promoter sequences. PSGs belong to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family and function as early biochemical markers of syncytiotrophoblast formation. Furthermore, PSG1 is assumed to mediate placental vascular morphogenesis by enhancing VEGF-A production and endothelial tube formation. PSG1 is a major product of the syncytiotrophoblast, reaching concentrations of 100- 290 mg/l at term in the serum of pregnant women.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 (CXCL3) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as GRO3 oncogene (GRO3), GRO protein gamma (GROg) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2-beta (MIP2b). CXCL3 controls migration and adhesion of monocytes and mediates it effects on its target cell by interacting with a cell surface chemokine receptor called CXCR2. The gene for CXCL3 is located on chromosome 4 in a cluster of other CXC chemokines.

Purine-Rich Element Binding Protein B (PURB) is a single-stranded DNA-binding protein which takes part in the dendritic transport of a subset of mRNAs. PURB operates as repressor in myoblasts and fibroblasts in the control of vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin gene transcription. PURB binds preferentially to the single strand of the purine-rich element termed PUR, which is present at origins of replication and in gene flanking regions in various eukaryotes from yeasts through humans.

MDC (CCL22) is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine family. CCL22 is one of several Cys-Cys (CC) cytokine genes clustered on the q arm of chromosome 16. MDC shows chemotactic activity for natural killer cells, chronically activated T lymphocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells. On the other hand, MDC shows a mild activity for primary activated T lymphocytes and has no chemoattractant activity for neutrophils, eosinophils and resting T lymphocytes. MDC may also have a role in the trafficking of activated T lymphocytes to inflammatory sites and other aspects of activated T lymphocyte physiology. MDC interacts with cell surface chemokine receptors CCR4.
CCL22 is vastly expressed in macrophage and in monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and thymus. CCL22 is also found in the lymph node, appendix, activated monocytes, resting and activated macrophages. Lower expression of CCL22 can be seen in the lung and the spleen and very weak expression in the small intestine. In the lymph node CCL22 is expressed in a mature subset of Langerhans' cells (CD1a+ and CD83+).
Furthermore, CCL22 is expressed in atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis skin, and psoriasis, in both the epidermis and dermis. In addition, MDC has a role in hindering progression of lung cancer. Moreover, significantly higher CCL22 expression is linked to gastric cancer.

Mediator Complex Subunit 20 (MED20) is a subunit of the Mediator complex, which is a multiprotein coactivator of RNA transcription that interacts with DNA-bound transcriptional activators, RNA polymerase II, and general initiation factors. The Mediator functions as a link to transmit information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription apparatus. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and functions as a scaffold for the compilation of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.

ROBLD3 is a member of the GAMAD family. ROBLD3 is an adapter protein which enhances the efficiency of the MAP kinase cascade and facilitates the activation of MAPK2. ROBLD3 compels the recruitment of MP1 to late endosomes where they form a very stable heterodimeric complex required for ERK activation on endosomes. In humans, a mutation in the ROBLD3 gene has been associated with a primary immunodeficiency syndrome, and suggests a role for the ROBLD3 protein in endosomal biogenesis.

Cystatin 5 (CST5) is a novel member of the cystatin superfamily, which encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or possibly never had this inhibitory activity. The superfamily is comprised of 3 inhibitory families: the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. Type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in various human fluids and secretions.

S100A8 is a part of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a broad range of cells, and participate in the regulation of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100A8 plays a role in the inhibition of casein kinase and as a cytokine. S100A8 altered expression is related with cystic fibrosis disease. S100A8 is a calcium-binding protein that has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.S100A8 is crucial for resistance towards invasion by pathogenic bacteria. S100A8 up-regulates transcription of genes that are under the control of NF-kappa-B. S100A8 plays a role in the development of endotoxic shock in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. S100A8 endorses tubulin polymerization and promotes phagocyte migration and infiltration of granulocytes at sites of wounding. S100A8 takes part as a pro-inflammatory mediator in acute and chronic inflammation and up-regulates the release of IL8 and cell-surface expression of ICAM1.

Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 13 (ANAPC13) is a component of the anaphase promoting complex, which is a large ubiquitin-protein ligase that controls cell cycle progression by regulating the degradation of cell cycle regulators such as B-type cyclins. The ANAPC13 protein is evolutionarily conserved and is essential for the integrity and ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase promoting complex.

Myosin regulatory light chains, including MRCL3, MYLPF and MYL9, regulate contraction in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells via phosphorylation by MLCK (myosin light chain kinase). Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains, catalyzed by MLCK in the presence of calcium and calmodulin, increases the actin-activated myosin ATPase activity, thus regulating the contractile activity. MYLPF is vital for fast and slow skeletal muscle development.

Nectin-1, also referred to as ED4, is a poliovirus receptor- related 1 protein is a part of the Nectin family. Nectin-1 endorses cell-cell contacts by forming homophilic or heterophilic trans-dimers. Heterophilic interactions among PVRL1/nectin-1 & PVRL4/nectin-4 and among PVRL1/nectin-1 & PVRL3/nectin-3 have been found. Nectin-1 acts as an entry receptor for herpes simplex virus & pseudorabies virus as well. Likewise, Neurite outgrowth-promoting activity has been shown by Nectin-1.

EIF4E is part of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4 families, controls translation of maternal mRNAs in early embryos before the onset of zygotic transcription. EIF4E identifies and binds to the 7 methyl GTP cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs, thus modulates the initiation of translation. EIF4E enables ribosome binding by inducing the unwinding of the mRNAs secondary structures.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) are antibody molecules. Each IgG is composed of four peptide chains - 2 heavy chains g and 2 light chains. Also, each IgG has 2 antigen binding sites. IgG antibodies are involved in primarily the secondary immune response. The presence of specific IgG, generally, relates to maturation of the antibody response. IgG also has an imperative role in Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and Intracellular antibody-mediated proteolysis, in which it binds to TRIM21 (the receptor with greatest affinity to IgG in humans) in order to direct marked virions to the proteasome in the cytosol.

Leukemia inhibitory factor, is a pleiotropic cytokine which is expressed by numerous cells including activated T lymphocytes, monocytes, mast cells and neuronal cells. LIF takes part in the induction of hematopoietic differentiation in normal and myeloid leukemia cells, induction of neuronal cell differentiation, regulator of mesenchymal to epithelial conversion during kidney development, and is a key player in immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface.

GNB2L1 was first known as an anchoring protein for protein kinase C beta (PKCbeta), which it stabilizes in the active state and anchors to membranes or functional sites. But, there is now confirmation that GNB2L1 has an essential part of in critical biological responses. GNB2L1 binds specifically to the active form of PKCbeta isoforms and cooperates with numerous other vital signaling proteins such as the androgen receptor, the Src kinase family, integrin beta1, integrin beta2, integrin beta3 and integrin beta5, beta-spectrin and dynamin, RasGAP, IGF-1r, Epstein-Barr virus trans-activator protein BZLF1, p73 and pRB. GNB2L1 is highly expressed in tissues of higher mammals and humans including spleen, liver and brain.

Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. As its name implies, VEGF activity has been mostly studied on cells of the vascular endothelium, although it does have effects on a number of other cell types (e.g. stimulation monocyte/ macrophagemigration, neurons, cancer cells, kidney epithelial cells ).VEGF mediates increased vascular permeability, induces angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth, promotes cell migration, and inhibits apoptosis. In vitro, VEGF has been shown to stimulate endothelial cell mitogenesisand cell migration. VEGF is also a vasodilator and increases microvascular permeability and was originally referred to as vascular permeability factor.
Elevated levels of this protein are linked to POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Mutations in this gene have been associated with proliferative and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Complement Factor B, also known as CFB, encodes complement factor B which is a component of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Factor B circulates in the blood as a single chain polypeptide. Once the alternative pathway is activated it is cleaved by complement factor D yielding the noncatalytic chain Ba and the catalytic subunit Bb. The active subunit Bb is a serine protease which connects with C3b to form the alternative pathway C3 convertase. Also, Bb is involved in the proliferation of preactivated B lymphocytes, while Ba inhibits their proliferation.

Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1) is a membrane receptor for both human hepatitis A virus (HHAV) and TIMD4. HAVCR1 is a type I trans-membrane structural glycoprotein located in the renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. HAVCR1 protein may be involved in the control of asthma and allergic diseases. The reference genome represents an allele which retains a MTTVP amino acid segment that presents defense against atopy in HHAV seropositive individuals.

Myeloid leukemia factor 1 (MLF1) is a member of the MLF family, and is a widely expressed negative regulator of cell cycle progression functioning upstream of the tumor suppressor p53. MLF1 hinders the erythropoietin-induced erythroid terminal differentiation by averting cells from exiting the cell cycle through suppression of CDKN1B/p27Kip1 levels. MLF1 generally functions in multi-potent progenitor cells, and its dysregulation may be to some extent responsible for leukemogenesis. Translocations between the MLF1 gene and nucleophosmin are linked to myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia.

MMAB protein catalyzes the last step in the conversion of vitamin B(12) into adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), a vitamin B12 containing coenzyme for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase(MCM). Decreased MMAB activity leads to the inherited disorder vitamin B12 dependent methylmalonic aciduria linked to the cblB complementation group.