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COMP is a non-collagenous glycoprotein and is belongs to the thrombospondin family of extracellular proteins. COMP is a calcium-binding protein of high molecular weight (>500kDa) found in the extracellular matrix of articular, nasal and tracheal cartilage. COMP is not only cartilage-derived but is common in other tissues, such as synovium and tendon. Intact COMP is pentameric, with 5 equal subunits and the carboxy-terminal globular domain of native COMP binds to collagens I, II, and IX. COMP molecules are vital for conserving the properties and integrity of collagen network. Moreover, COMP has a storage and delivery function for hydrophobic cellsignaling molecules such as vitamin D. Mutations of the COMP gene cause Pseudoachondroplasia and some forms of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia which implicates that it is vital that COMP develops and functions normally.

SUMO1 is a protein that belongs to the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) protein family. SUMO1 functions in a manner similar to ubiquitin in that it is bound to target proteins as part of a post-translational modification system. Still, unlike ubiquitin which targets proteins for degradation, SUMO1 is involved in a variety of cellular processes, for example nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and protein stability. SUMO1 is not active until the last four amino acids of the carboxy-terminus are cleaved off.

Tropomyosin beta chain isoform 2 is affiliate to the actin filament binding protein family which primarily expressed in slow, type 1 muscle fibers. Mutations in TPM2 can change the expression of other sarcomeric tropomyosin proteins, and cause cap disease, nemaline myopathy and distal arthrogryposis syndromes.

Ubiquitin D (UBD) is an ubiquitin-like modifier (UBL) of the ubiquitin protein family. UBD is an ubiquitin-like protein which can form covalent conjugates, thus targeting proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. It is assumed that, UBD has roles in regulation of cell cycle, innate immunity, and apoptosis. UBD is a TNF-a inducible ubiquitin-like protein with a presumed role in the immune response.

Coatomer Protein Complex SubunitEpsilon, also known as COPE is an epsilon subunit of coatomer protein complex. Coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex which binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly links with Golgi non-clathrin-coated vesicles. COPE is necessary forbudding from Golgi membranes, and is also essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-taggedproteins. Coatomer complex contain at least the alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta subunits. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding dissimilar isoforms have been identifiedfor COPE.

INHBC, the beta C chain of inhibin, belongs to the TGF-beta superfamily. INHBC formulates heterodimers with beta A and beta B subunits. Other members of the TGF-beta superfamily are Actv's and Inhibins, hormones with contradictory roles which take part in pituitary, hypothalamic, and gonadal hormone secretion, as well as differentiation and growth of numerous cell types.

N-alpha-acetyltransferase 30 (NAA30) is catalytic subunit of the N-terminal acetyltransferase C (NatC) complex. NAA30 catalyzes acetylation of the N-terminal methionine residues of peptides beginning with Met-Leu-Ala and Met-Leu-Gly. In addition, NAA30 is essential for the lysosomal localization and function of ARL8B. The disease Eastern equine encephalitis has been associated with NAA30.

Nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (ITGB1BP3) is a member of the uridine kinase family and NRK subfamily. ITGB1BP3 catalyzes the phosphorylation of nicotinic acid riboside and nicotinamide riboside to create nicotinic acid mononucleotide and nicotinamide mononucleotide. ITGB1BP3 reduces laminin matrix deposition and cell adhesion to laminin, but not to fibronectin. ITGB1BP3 is involved in the regulation of PXN at the protein level and of PXN tyrosine phosphorylation. ITGB1BP3 also has a role in the regulation of terminal myogenesis.

Calmodulin (CaM) is an intracellular receptor protein for Ca2+-ions. It activates the myosin light chain kinase which is the catalyst of myosin phosphorylation. CaM participates in the activation of enzymes such as cyclic nucleotide- dependent phosphodiesterase, calcineurin, ATPase, Myosin Light Chain Kinases, and CAM kinase.

HUS1 is a component of an evolutionarily conserved, genotoxin-activated checkpoint complex. HUS1 protein connects with Rad9 and Rad1 to form the 9-1-1(RAD9-RAD1-HUS1) complex, that confines to DNA lesions and promotes DNA damage signaling and repair or apoptosis, cell cycle arrest. The trimeric complex is structurally similar to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) sliding clamp and interacts with Rad17 as a clamp-clamp loader pair during the DNA damage response.

Nucleobindin-2 (also known as NUCB2 or Nesfatin) is a EF-hand calcium-binding protein. Nucleobindin-2 takes part in calcium homeostasis and is a multifunctional protein that interacts with Ca(2+) nucleic acids & various regulatory proteins in different signaling pathways. NUCB2 (Nesfatin) is localized in neuronal perikarya and dendrites of mouse brain.

SMNDC1 is a vital splicing factor obligatory for spliceosome assembly which is a part of the SMN family. SMNDC1 has one Tudor domain with significant similarity to Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) and is expressed in heart, pancreas and skeletal muscle, localizing to Cajal bodies and nuclear speckles. Mutations in SMNDC1 are cause of autosomal recessive proximal spinal muscular atrophy.

HPCAL1, participates in neuron-specific calcium-binding proteins family found in the retina and brain. HPCAL1 is extremely comparable to human hippocalcin protein and almost equal to the rat and mouse hippocalcin like-1 proteins. HPCAL1 takes part in the calcium-dependent regulation of rhodopsin phosphorylation and can have importance in neuronal signalling in the central nervous system.

Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 6 isoform 1 (SIGLEC6) is a member of immunoglobulin superfamily and SIGLEC (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin) family. SIGLEC6 mediates sialic-acid dependent binding to cells and binds to alpha-2, 6-linked sialic acid. The SIGLEC6 protein localizes in numerous compartments such as membrane fraction, extracellular region and so on. The SIGLEC6 receptor binds sialyl-TN glycans and leptin. Placental expression SIGLEC6 is upregulated in preeclampsia.

BTLA, also known as B And T Lymphocyte Associated, is an inhibitory molecule which is part of the Ig superfamily. BTLA is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein in the CD28 family of T cell costimulatory molecules. BTLA is a 3rd inhibitory receptor on T lymphocytes with resemblances to CTLA-4 & PD-1. Moreover, BTLA is a ligand for TNF (receptor) superfamily, TNFRSF14, and HVEM. BTLA-HVEM complexes negatively regulate T-cell immune responses.

Calcium-activated nucleotidase 1 (CANT1) is a member of the apyrase family. The CANT1 protein is calcium-dependent nucleotidase with a preference for UDP. The order of activity with different substrates is as follows: UDP > GDP > UTP > GTP. Moreover, CANT1 has a very low activity towards ADP and an even lower activity towards ATP. As well as it doesn’t hydrolyze AMP and GMP. CANT1’s specific function is yet unknown, nevertheless its substrates are involved in several key signaling functions, including Ca2+ release, through activation of pyrimidinergic signaling. Mutations in the CANT1 gene are linked with Desbuquois dysplasia with hand anomalies.

Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 3, also known as LAMP3 is part of the lysosome-associated membrane protein family. LAMP3 and CD68 share an extremely similar predicted structure. LAMP3 performs in dendritic cell function and in adaptive immunity as well. Furthermore, LAMP3 overexpression is actively involved in tumor invasion via increased migration into lymph-vascular spaces.

Ras-related protein Rab-35 (RAB35) is restricted to the plasma membrane and endocytic compartments and controls a fast endocytic recycling pathway. Inhibition of Rab35 function leads to the accumulation of endocytic markers on numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles in cells that failed cytokinesis, which is consistent with a central requirement for Rab35-regulated recycling during cell division.

Myeloid/Lymphoid Leukemia Translocated To 11 (MLLT11) is a part of the Mixed-Lineage Leukemia protein family. MLLT11 which takes part in leukemogenesis and in the progression of severe monocytic leukemia (AML) is located on chromosome 11q23. MLLT11 which is also expressed in embryonic brain cortex is upregulated during neuronal differentiation and is taking part in the evolution of the central nervous system.

CUTC belongs to the Cut family and may be involved in efflux trafficking of cuprous ion. The Cut family is linked with the copper homeostasis and involved in several vital metabolisms, such as uptake, storage, delivery, and efflux of copper. Copper which is an essential heavy metal trace element has an imperative role in cell physiology.

NCBP2 is a part of the nuclear cap-binding protein complex (CBC) that binds to the monomethylated 5'' cap of nascent pre-mRNA in the nucleoplasm. NCBP2 protein has an RNP domain usually located in RNA binding proteins, and contains the cap-binding activity. CBC promotes pre-mRNA splicing, 3''-end processing, RNA nuclear export, and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like protein 3 (SH3BGRL3) which is located on chromosome 1p34.3-35, encodes for a small 93 amino acids protein. SH3BGRL3 is the newest member of thioredoxin super family, whose posttranslational altered form was recognized as TNF-alpha inhibitory protein. SH3BGRL3 may act as a regulator in all-trans retinoic acid-induced pathway and also as a modulator of glutaredoxin biological activity.

SIVA1, also referred to asApoptosis regulatory protein Siva isoform 1, is a death domain-containing proapoptotic protein. It is known as glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene, and also as an intracellular ligand of CD27, which are both members of the TNFR family expressed on lymphoid cells. There isn’t much known about the signalling pathway underlying the Siva-induced apoptosis.SIVA1 expression is modulated in multiple pathological processes.

NSL1 holds two coiled-coil domains.NSL1 proteins, localized to kinetochores - chromosome associated structures which attach to microtubules and mediate chromosome movements throughout cell division. NSL1 is a fragment of a conserved protein complex that hold two chromodomain-containing proteins and a component of the outer plate of the kinetochore. NSL1 connect centromeric heterochromatin with the outer kinetochore structure. Several transcript variants are known to encod different isoforms for this gene.