Neuregulin

Neuregulin

Neuregulin

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  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Neuregulin-4 Human Recombinant

    Neuregulin 4, HRG4, Pro-neuregulin-4, membrane-bound isoform, Pro-NRG4, NRG-4.

    Product # :

    CYT-808

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    Description

    NRG4 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 84 amino acids (1-61 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 9.1kDa. NRG4 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    NRG4 protein solution (0.25mg/ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0), 30% glycerol, 0.15M NaCl and 1mM DTT.

    Purity

    Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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    • Introduction

      Neuregulin-4 (NRG4) is a part of the neuregulin family that owns 1 EGF-like domain and is a low affinity ligand for the ERBB4 tyrosine kinase receptor. NRG4 links ERBB1 and ERBB2 coreceptors, resulting in ligand-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the ERBB receptors.

    • Synonyms

      Neuregulin 4, HRG4, Pro-neuregulin-4, membrane-bound isoform, Pro-NRG4, NRG-4.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered clear solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMPTDHEE PCGPSHKSFC LNGGLCYVIP TIPSPFCRCV ENYTGARCEE VFLPGSSIQT KSNL.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Nrg4 Human
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    Description:

    Neuregulin-1 Human Recombinant, Sf9

    Neuregulin-1, NRG1, GGF, HGL, HRGA, NDF, SMDF, HRG, ARIA, GGF2, HRG1

    Product # :

    CYT-1186

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    Description

    NRG1 Human produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 231 amino acids (20-241 aa) and having a molecular mass of 25.1kDa.NRG1 is fused to a 6 amino acid His tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

    Formulation

    The NRG1 solution (0.5mg/ml) contains 10% Glycerol and Phosphate-Buffered Saline (pH 7.4).

    Purity

    Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

    Biological Activity

    Determined by cell proliferation assay MCF7 human breast cancer cell. ED50 range for this effect is ≤ 15 ng/ml/

    More Info

    • Introduction

      Neuregulin/Heregulin is a family of structurally related polypeptide growth factors which are stemmed from alternatively spliced genes (NRG1, NRG2, NRG3 and NRG4). There are more than 14 soluble and transmembrane proteins derived from the NRG1 gene. Proteolytic processing of the extracellular domain of the transmembrane NRG1 isoforms release soluble growth factors. These isoforms contain the heregulins (HRGs), glial growth factors (GGFs) and sensory and motor neuron-derived factor (SMDF). All these factors have the Ig and EGF-like domain, and are able to bind to ErbB3 and ErbB4 receptor tyrosin kinases. This binding stimulates erb3 and erb4 heterodimerization with erb2, promoting intrinsic kinase activity, which results in tyrosine phosphorylation. NRG1 isoforms induce the growth and differentiation of epithelial, neuronal, glial, and other types of cells.

    • Synonyms

      Neuregulin-1, NRG1, GGF, HGL, HRGA, NDF, SMDF, HRG, ARIA, GGF2, HRG1

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile filtered colorless solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks.Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      ADPSGKKPES AAGSQSPALP PRLKEMKSQE SAAGSKLVLR CETSSEYSSL RFKWFKNGNE
      LNRKNKPQNI KIQKKPGKSE LRINKASLAD SGEYMCKVIS KLGNDSASAN ITIVESNEII TGMPASTEGA YVSSESPIRI SVSTEGANTS SSTSTSTTGT SHLVKCAEKE KTFCVNGGEC FMVKDLSNPS RYLCKCPNEF TGDRCQNYVM ASFYSTSTPF LSLPEHHHHH H

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Nrg1 Human
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    Description:

    Heregulin-B2 Human Recombinant

    Neuregulin-1, NRG1, GGF, HGL, HRGA, NDF, SMDF, HRG, ARIA, GGF2, HRG1.

    Product # :

    CYT-407

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    Description

    Recombinant Human Neuregulin-1 beta 2 produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 61 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 7.0kDa. NRG-1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered solution in PBS, pH 7.4.

    Purity

    Greater than 96.0% as determined by:
    (a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
    (b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

    Biological Activity

    The ED50 as determined by a cell proliferation assay using serum free human MCF-7 cells is less than 5ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 2.0 × 105 U/mg.

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    • Introduction

      Neuregulin is a signaling protein for ErbB2/ErbB4 receptor heterodimers on the cardiac muscle cells, playing an important role in heart structure and function through inducing ErbB2/ErbB4 receptor phosphorylation and cardiomyocyte differentiation. Research on molecular level discovered that neuregulin recombinant could make disturbed myocardial cell structure into order and strengthen the connection between myocardial cells by intercalated discs re-organization. Pharmacodynamic experiments in animals showed that neuregulin (NRG1) recombinant can reduce the degree of damage on myocardial cells caused by ischemia, hypoxia and viral infection.

    • Synonyms

      Neuregulin-1, NRG1, GGF, HGL, HRGA, NDF, SMDF, HRG, ARIA, GGF2, HRG1.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

    • Stability

      Lyophilized NRG1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Heregulin should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Solubility

      It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized NRG1 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      SHLVKCAEKEKTFCVNGGECFMVKDLSNPSRYLCKCPNEFTGDRCQNYVMASFYKAEELYQ.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Neuregulin Human
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Neuregulin-1/Heregulin-b1 Human Recombinant

    Neuregulin-1, Heregulin-b1, NRG1-B1, NRG1 B1.

    Product # :

    CYT-733

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    Description

    Recombinant Human Neuregulin-1/Heregulin-b1 produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain (a.a 177-241) containing 65 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 7.5kDa. NRG1-B1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered solution in 1×PBS, pH 7.4 and 5% trehalose.

    Purity

    Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
    (a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
    (b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

    Biological Activity

    The ED50 was determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of human MCF-7 cells is less than 0.5ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of >2.0×106 units/mg.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      Neuregulin/Heregulin is a family of structurally related polypeptide growth factors which are stemmed from alternatively spliced genes (NRG1, NRG2, NRG3 and NRG4). Thus far, there are more than 14 soluble and transmembrane proteins derived from the NRG1 gene. Proteolytic processing of the extracellular domain of the transmembrane NRG1 isoforms release soluble growth factors. HRG1-b1 is comprised of an Ig domain and an EGF-like domain which is necessary for direct binding to receptor tyrosine kinases erb3 and erb4. This binding stimulates erb3 and erb4 heterodimerization with erb2, promoting intrinsic kinase activity, which results in tyrosine phosphorylation. Even though HRG1-b1 biological effects are still unclear, it has been discovered to advance motility and invasiveness of breast cancer cells which in addition might entail up-regulation of expression and function of the autocrine motility-promoting factor (AMF).

    • Synonyms

      Neuregulin-1, Heregulin-b1, NRG1-B1, NRG1 B1.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

    • Stability

      Lyophilized NRG1-B1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution NRG1-B1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Solubility

      It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized NRG1-B1 in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      SHLVKCAEKE KTFCVNGGEC FMVKDLSNPS RYLCKCPNEF TGDRCQNYVM ASFYKHLGIE FMEAE.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Nrg1 B1 Human
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    Description:

    Neuregulin-1/Heregulin Alpha (EGF Domain) Human Recombinant

    Neuregulin-1, Heregulin Alpha, NRG1-A, NRG1 A.

    Product # :

    CYT-736

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    • source
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    Description

    Recombinant Human Neuregulin-1/Heregulin Alpha (EGF Domain) produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 65 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 7.4kDa. NRG1-A is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered solution in 20mM PB, pH 6.0 and 150mM NaCl.

    Purity

    Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
    (a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
    (b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

    Biological Activity

    The ED50 was determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of human MCF-7 cells is less than 40 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 2.5×104 units/mg.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      Neuregulin/Heregulin is a family of structurally related polypeptide growth factors which are stemmed from alternatively spliced genes (NRG1, NRG2, NRG3 and NRG4). Thus far, there are more than 14 soluble and transmembrane proteins derived from the NRG1 gene. Proteolytic processing of the extracellular domain of the transmembrane NRG1 isoforms release soluble growth factors. These isoforms contain the heregulins (HRGs), glial growth factors (GGFs) and sensory and motor neuron-derived factor (SMDF). All these factors have the Ig and EGF-like domain, and are able to bind to ErbB3 and ErbB4 receptor tyrosin kinases. This binding stimulates erb3 and erb4 heterodimerization with erb2, promoting intrinsic kinase activity, which results in tyrosine phosphorylation. NRG1 isoforms act to induce the growth and differentiation of epithelial, neuronal, glial, and other types of cells.

    • Synonyms

      Neuregulin-1, Heregulin Alpha, NRG1-A, NRG1 A.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

    • Stability

      Lyophilized NRG1-A although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution NRG1-A should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Solubility

      It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized NRG1-A in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      SHLVKCAEKE KTFCVNGGEC FMVKDLSNPS RYLCKCQPGF TGARCTENVP MKVQNQEKAE ELYQK.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Nrg1 A Human

About NRG1 / Neuregulin:

Neuregulin is a type of protein which researchers believe plays a vital role in the development of the nervous system across a wide variety of species. The protein, also sometimes called “glial growth factor,” is required by organisms in the development of vertebrate eggs, the heart, Schwann cell differentiation, and neuronal development.


NRG1 Interactions
Neuregulin interacts with ErbB receptors, a subfamily of tyrosine kinase proteins found on the surface of cells. Neuregulin, therefore, is a cell signalling protein which instructs cells to perform specific actions. In humans, neuregulin interacts directly with the four ErbB receptors called Erb1, Erb2 (Neu or HER2), ErbB3 (HER3) and Erb4 (HER4). These receptors are slightly different from each other, but all rely on the ligand-binding N-terminal domain - a specific site which neuregulin can bind to the cell and deliver instructions.
Of course, the docking site for neuregulin is also used by a variety of other molecules and is involved in the regulation of intracellular signalling cascades, primarily through the stimulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

Neuregulin Mechanisms
Neuregulins exert their effect through the process of autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the part of the cell which contains the cytoplasm. The phosphorylated areas provide neuregulin with a “docking site” - a place where it can chemically interact with the cell and deliver the intended message. Most of the cell signalling happens through the stimulation of the Rar mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, the PI3K pathway and the PLC-gamma/PKC pathway.
Another potential signalling mechanism for the ErbB4 receptors is presenilin-dependant intramembrane proteolysis by gamma-secretase - a process that releases the C-terminal fragment, which signals to the nucleus of the target cells to regulate gene expression.

NRG-1 Function
In humans, neuregulin has a variety of functions. It is a trophic factor which contains an epidermal growth factor: a chemical which signals to the body to create new cell growth in the dermal layer. It’s also been found to be important in neutral development thanks to the role it plays in axon guidance, oligodendrocyte development and the formation of synapses - the gaps between nerve cells which convey chemical information related to brain cell activity.
Neuregulin may also play a role in the development of mental conditions like schizophrenia. Neuregulin is a risk gene which was first identified from a large multigenerational Icelandic pedigree. The because neuregulin affects glutamatergic, nicotinic and GABAergic transmission, it may affect human brain organisation. There’s a debate right now as to whether NERG1 and ErbB proteins are altered in schizophrenia tissue, especially in at-risk brain regions, like the hippocampus. So far, the evidence is mixed. Post-mortem studies show that there is relatively little change in neuregulin or ErbB levels in schizophrenic tissue. However, these tissues display greater neuregulin-induced activation of ErbB receptors.

NRG 1 Structure
Neuregulin, or NRG1, is a group of protein ligands that act on the epidermal growth factor receptor family. There are currently six isoforms of neuregulin presently known to science, some of which may play a role in the pathology of schizophrenia, though how exactly this happens remains unclear.