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ANKRD1 takes part in endothelial cell activation and performs as a nuclear transcription factor which negatively controls the expression of cardiac genes.

Potassium Channel Tetramerisation Domain Containing 11 (KCTD11) is a 232 amino acid regulator of neuronal differentiation which induces growth arrest, apoptosis and the expression of p27 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor). KCTD11 is expressed most highly in cerebellum. KCTD11 functions as an antagonist of the Hedgehog pathway and activator of the caspase cascade and among its related super-pathways are Melatonin Signaling and Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA.

TIE-1 (tyrosine kinase with Ig and EGF homology domains 1) and TIE-2/Tek comprise a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamily with unique structural characteristics: two immunoglobulin-like domains flanking three epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains and followed by three fibronectin type III-like repeats in the extracellular region and a split tyrosine kinase domain in the cytoplasmic region. These receptors are expressed primarily on endothelial and hematopoietic progenitor cells and play critical roles in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis. Human TIE-1 cDNA encodes a 1124 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with an 18 residue putative signal peptide, a 727 residue extracellular domain and a 354 residue cytoplasmic domain. Whereas two ligands have been described for TIE-2 [angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2)], so far no ligand was found for TIE-1.

Four and a half LIM domains 3 (FHL3) belongs to a family of proteins containing a four-and-a-half LIM domain, which is a highly conserved double zinc finger motif. FHL3 has been shown to interact with the cancer developmental regulators SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4, the skeletal muscle myogenesis protein MyoD, and the high-affinity IgE beta chain regulator MZF-1. FHL3 is involved in tumor suppression, repression of MyoD expression, and repression of IgE receptor expression. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

GPN-loop GTPase 1 (GPN1) is a member of the GPN-loop GTPase family. GPN1 is a guanosine triphosphatase enzyme which has a role in DNA repair and may function in activation of transcription. Small GTPases, which share a biochemical mechanism, act as binary molecular switches and function in the cell is nucleocytoplasmic transport of both proteins and RNA. In addition, GPN1 establishs an interface between the RNA polymerase II enzyme and chaperone/scaffolding protein, proposing that it is essential to connect RNA polymerase II to regulators of protein complex formation. GPN1 may also be involved in nuclear localization of XPA.

Phosphoribosyltransferase domain-containing protein 1 (PRTFDC1) is a member of the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. PRTFDC1 has a low, barely measurable phosphoribosyltransferase activity (in vitro). PRTFDC1 can bind GMP, IMP and alpha-D-5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). PRTFDC1 is not expected to impact purine metabolism or GMP salvage.

LYVE1 is a selective marker of the lymphatic endothelium & a surface endocytic receptor for both soluble and immobilized hyaluronan, LYVE1 is an extracellular glycosaminoglycan that plays a role in cell adhesion and migration. LYVE1 functions in lympathic hyaluronan transport and is involved in tumor metastasis. Recombinant human LYVE1 was expressed in and purified by conventional chromatography techniques. The normal adult human choroid is endowed with a significant number of LYVE-1 positive macrophages. LYVE-1 is expressed in a reticulum cell neoplasm in an axillary lymph node. This reticulum cell sarcoma is a lymphatic sinus lining cell sarcoma which might represent another subtype of reticulum cell sarcomas.
LYVE-1 immunohistochemistry is a functional method for detecting lymphatics invaded by cancer cells, and detailed examination of the submucosa around the tumor is important for predicting LN metastasis.

Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor, 3 Domains Long Cytoplasmic Tail 2 (KIR3DL2) is a type 1 transmembrane protein of the p70 family of killer cell Ig-like receptors. KIR3DL2 is a receptor on NK cells for HLA-A alleles which Inhibits their activity consequently preventing cell lysis.

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Isoform-1 is an Fe-containing enzyme, which catalyzes the second reaction in the catabolism of tyrosine the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate. Present as a homodimer, HPD uses zinc as a cofactor to catalyze the third step in the conversion of L-phenylalanine to fumarate and acetoacetic acid. Flaws in the gene encoding HPD result in tyrosinemia type 3 and hawkinsinuria, two inborn defects of metabolism which are related to a number of symptoms, like mental retardation and seizures and hair and urine abnormalities.

ACOT11 belongs to the acyl-CoA thioesterase family which catalyses the transformation of activated fatty acids to the equivalent non-esterified fatty acid and coenzyme A. Expression of a mouse homolog in brown adipose tissue is induced by low temperatures and inhibited by high temperatures. Obesity-resistant mice demonstrated High levels of expression compared with obesity-prone mice, indicating BFIT takes part in acyl-CoA thioesterase 11 in obesity. BFIT has acyl-CoA thioesterase activity towards medium (C12) and long-chain (C18) fatty acyl-CoA substrates.

SH3 and Cysteine Rich Domain, which is also known as STAC, holds one phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc finger and one SH3 domain. STAC takes part in a neuron-specific signal transduction.

Interleukin-1 alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by a wide variety of cell types, including macrophages, osteoblasts, monocytes and hepatocytes. Circulating levels of are normally low and only rise after stimulation by agents such as those produced byinflammation, infection or microbial endotoxins. IL-1 alpha possesses a wide variety of biological activities and exerts its effects by binding to specific cell surface receptors.

TTC32 contains 3 TPR repeats. The tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) is a structural motif. TPR is observed in organized 3–16 motifs, which form scaffolds to mediate protein–protein interactions and frequently the assembly of multiprotein complexes. TPR-containing proteins include the anaphase-promoting complex subunits cdc16, cdc23 and cdc27, the NADPH oxidase subunit p67-phox, hsp90-binding immunophilins, transcription factors, the major receptor for peroxisomal matrix protein import PEX5, the PKR protein kinase inhibitor and mitochondrial import proteins.

Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 (HAVCR2) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. HACVR2 controls macrophage activation. HACVR2 inhibits T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1)-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and stimulates immunological tolerance.

HAUS augmin-like complex subunit 1 (HAUS1) is 1 of 8 subunits of the 390kDa human augmin complex/ HAUS complex. The augmin complex is a microtubule-binding complex required in microtubule generation within the mitotic spindle and is imperative to mitotic spindle compilation. HAUS1 contributes to mitotic spindle assembly, maintenance of centrosome integrity and completion of cytokinesis as part of the HAUS augmin-like complex. HAUS1 is broadly expressed, especially in the pancreas, kidney, skeletal muscle, liver and heart. However it is weakly expressed in the lung, brain and placenta. HAUS1-depleted cells hold functional cell cycle checkpoints, but the depletion reduces the G2/M cell cycle compartment and stimulates apoptosis. The HAUS1 protein level remains constant through the cell cycle.

PEDF is a noninhibitory serpin with neurotrophic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-tumorigenic properties. PEDF is a 50,000 dalton glycoprotein created and secreted in many tissues all the way through the body. A key component of the anti-angiogenic action of PEDF is the induction of apoptosis in proliferating endothelial cells. Additionally, PEDF is capable to inhibit the activity of angiogenic factors such as VEGF and FGF-2. The neuro-protective effects of PEDF are achieved through suppression of neuronal apoptosis induced by peroxide, glutamate, or other neurotoxins. The recognition of a lipase-linked cell membrane receptor for PEDF (PEDF-R) that binds to PEDF with high affinity should facilitate further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of this pluripotent serpin. To date, PEDF-R is the only signaling receptor known to be used by a serpin family member. The unique range of PEDF activities associate it as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of vasculature related neurodegenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). PEDF in addition has the potential to be functional in the treatment of various angiogenesis-related diseases including a number of cancers.

Native human C3 is a naturally glycosylated polypeptide containing two disulfide-linked chains. C3 is central to the activation of all 3 pathways of complement activation. Initiation of each pathway generates proteolytic enzyme complexes which binds the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C3 releasing the anaphylatoxin C3a and activating C3b. Most of the C3 activated during complement activation never attaches to the surface due to its thioester reaction with water forming fluid phase C3b which is rapidly inactivated by factors H and I forming iC3b. Surface-bound C3b is necessary in all 3 pathways for efficient activation of C5 and formation of C5b-9 complexes that lyse the target cell membrane.

Sterile Alpha Motif Domain Containing 13 (SAMD13) is a putative protein interaction module which is present in various proteins involved in numerous biological processes. SAMD13 contains one SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain. The SAM domain, which spreads over around 70 residues, is found in various eukaryotic organisms. SAM domains are known to homo- and hetero-oligomerise, forming multiple self-association constructions and also binding to various non-SAM domain-containing proteins, however with a low affinity constant.

HERPUD1 is a multi-pass membrane protein which is a part of the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system. HERPUD1 owns 1 N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain and is expressed highly in the brain. HERPUD1 is also known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD) which takes part in ubiquitin-dependent degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum proteins.

Four And A Half LIM Domains 2 (FHL2) belongs to the four-and-a-half-LIM-only protein family. Family members are comprised of 2 highly conserved, tandemly arranged, zinc finger domains with 4 highly conserved cysteines binding a zinc atom in each zinc finger. The FHL2 protein is assumed to play a part in the assembly of extracellular membranes. Furthermore, FHL2 is down-regulated during transformation of normal myoblasts to rhabdomyosarcoma cells and the FHL2 functions as a link between presenilin-2 and an intracellular signaling pathway.

Hepatoma Derived Growth Factor-Like 1 (HDGFL1) is a member of the HDGF family and contains 1 PWWP domain.

COMM Domain Containing 7 (COMMD7) composed of 200 amino acid which contains 1 COMM domain. COMMD7 interacts (through COMM domain) with COMMD1 via its COMM domain.COMMD7 also associates with the NF-kappa-B complex and suppresses its transcriptional activity. COMMD7 is highly expressed in lung.

Aspartate Beta-Hydroxylase Domain Containing 1, also known as ASPHD1 is a part of the aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase family. ASPHD1 is a protein coding gene.