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Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1) is a membrane receptor for both human hepatitis A virus (HHAV) and TIMD4. HAVCR1 is a type I trans-membrane structural glycoprotein located in the renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. HAVCR1 protein may be involved in the control of asthma and allergic diseases. The reference genome represents an allele which retains a MTTVP amino acid segment that presents defense against atopy in HHAV seropositive individuals.

The Melanoma Inhibitory protein (MIA) was identified as an inhibitor of in vitro growth of malignant melanoma cells. The protein contains a SH3 domain.
MIA acts as a potent tumor cell growth inhibitor for malignant melanoma cells and some other neuroectodermal tumors, including gliomas, in an autocrine fashion. In a study of human melanoma cell lines with different metastatic capacity MIA mRNA expression appeared to be inversely correlated with pigmentation. MIA has been shown to represent a very sensitive and specific serum marker for systemic malignant melanoma that might be useful for staging of primary melanomas, detection of progression from localized to metastatic disease during follow-up, and monitoring therapy of advanced melanomas.

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF181 (RNF181) accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the thioester form and subsequently directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. RNF181 is widely expressed, with the highest levels in the liver and heart and the lowest levels in the brain and skeletal muscle. RNF181 is also expressed in platelets (at protein level).

RNA Binding Motif Protein 18 (RBM18) is comprised of one RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain.

SDCBP is a multifunctional intracellular adapter protein. SDCBP protein has tandemly repeated PDZ domains which react with the FYA (phe-tyr-ala) carboxyterminal amino acid sequence of the syndecans. SDCBP is has a role in organization of protein complexes in the plasma membranes, regulation of B-cell development, activation of transcription factors, intracellular trafficking and cell-surface targeting, synaptic transmission, and axonal outgrowth.

The heat-shock response is elicited by exposure of cells to thermal and chemical stress and through the activation of HSFs (heat shock factors) results in the elevated expression of heat-shock induced genes. Heat shock factor binding protein-1 (HSBP1), is a 76-amino-acid protein that binds to heat shock factor 1(HSF1), which is a transcription factor involved in the HS response. During HS response, HSF1 undergoes conformational transition from an inert non-DNA-binding monomer to active functional trimers. HSBP1 is nuclear-localized and interacts with the active trimeric state of HSF1 to negatively regulate HSF1 DNA-binding activity. Overexpression of HSBP1 in mammalian cells represses the transactivation activity of HSF1. When overexpressed in C.elegans HSBP1 has severe effects on survival of the animals after thermal and chemical stress consistent with a role of HSBP1 as a negative regulator of heat shock response.

MYCBP is a member of the AMY1 family. MYCBP (c-Myc binding protein) binds to the transactivation domain of c-Myc and stimulates the activation of E-box-dependent transcription. MYCBP translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during S phase when increased expression of c-Myc occurs. MYCBP also associates with AKAP 149 and AKAP 84 in mitochondria of somatic cells and sperm, suggesting a role for MYCBP in spermatogenesis. MYCBP is highly expressed in the heart, placenta, pancreas, skeletal muscle and kidney. It is also present at low levels in the lung.

Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 7 (IGFBP7) is a member of the IGFBP family. IGFBP family members are all cysteine rich proteins with conserved cysteine and have an IGFBP domain, a Kazal-like domain and an Ig-like C2-type domain. IGFBP7 is expressed in a broad range of normal human tissues and it mostly shows reduced expression in cancer cell lines of prostate, breast, colon, and lung origin. IGFBP7 has a role in skeletal myogenesis by binding to IGF in a manner which inhibits IGF induced differentiation of skeletal myoblasts, without disturbing IGF induced proliferation. Moreover, IGFBP7 suppresses growth and colony formation of prostate and breast cancer cell lines via an IGF independent mechanism, which triggers a delay in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and increased apoptosis.

Omentin is a recently recognized gene highly localized to the mental tissue (visceral adipose tissue). Omentin is present in the stromal vascular cells in the adipose tissue rather than in the adipocytes. Omentin is predominantly expressed in the visceral adipose tissue than the subcutaneous tissue, with the omentin mRNA being 150 times higher in the visceral adipose tissue. Omentin has also been detected in human blood using western blot analysis, and seems to increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in mice. Omentin seems to increase Akt phosphorylation irrespective of insulin presence. Its role in glucose metabolism and obesity remains to be described; an insulin-sensitizing action is possible.Differences in Omentin expression has been noted in adipose tissue from normals and patients with inflammatory bowel disease although its significance is unknown.

Melanoregulin (MREG) takes part in membrane fusion and in regulating the biogenesis of disk membranes of photoreceptor rods. MREG is expressed in photoreceptor cells as two isoforms as a result of alternative splicing. MREG interacts with Peripherin-2, a photoreceptor specific tetraspanin protein which is required to preserve normal cell structure during the renewal process of membrane fusion. Moreover, MREG plays a part in the incorporation of pigments into hair.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 8 (CEACAM8) is a cell surface glycoprotein which takes part in cell adhesion in a calciumindependent manner.CEACAM8mediates heterophilic cell adhesion with other carcinoembryonic antigen-related celladhesion molecules (CEACAM6 for example).CEACAM8main role is cell migration,cell adhesion, and pathogen binding.CEACAM-8 isexpressed mainly on the surface of human peripheral blood eosinophils isolated from healthy individuals andused as granulocyte marker.

Protein A is a cell wall component produced by several strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The recombinant Protein A is genetically engineered protein and holds 5 IgG-binding regions of protein A. Recombinant Protein A functions basically the same as native Protein A and is perfect for purification of polyclonal or monoclonal IgG antibodies. Protein A binds to human IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4, mouse IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 and rat IgG2c. Protein A also binds to total IgG from rabbit, pig, dog, cat, and guinea pig.

HPCAL1, participates in neuron-specific calcium-binding proteins family found in the retina and brain. HPCAL1 is extremely comparable to human hippocalcin protein and almost equal to the rat and mouse hippocalcin like-1 proteins. HPCAL1 takes part in the calcium-dependent regulation of rhodopsin phosphorylation and can have importance in neuronal signalling in the central nervous system.

Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 2 (HINT2) belongs to the triad proteins, which are nucleotide hydrolases and transferases that act on the alpha-phosphate of ribonucleotides. Hydrolase is most likely involved in steroid biosynthesis, furthermore it might play a role in apoptosis. HINT2 shows high expression in liver and pancreas. Expression is significantly down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors are a family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases that include the type I receptors BMPR1A and BMPR1B and the type II receptor BMPR2. These receptors are also closely related to the activin receptors, ACVR1 and ACVR2. The ligands of these receptors are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. TGF-betas and activins transduce their signals through the formation of heteromeric complexes with 2 different types of serine (threonine) kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors require their respective type II receptors for ligand binding.

RBM3 belongs to the glycine-rich RNA-binding protein family and encodes a protein with one RNArecognition motif (RRM) domain. By cold shock and low oxygen tension the expression of this gene is induced. On chromosome 1 a pseudogene exists. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.Diseases associated with RBM3 include vaccinia, andcryptorchidism. GO annotations linked to this gene include RNA binding and ribosomal large subunit binding. An important paralog of this gene is RBMY1J.

Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) is a EF-hand calcium-binding protein. Nucleobindin-2 takes part in calcium homeostasis and is a multifunctional protein that interacts with Ca(2+) nucleic acids & various regulatory proteins in different signaling pathways. NUCB2 is localized in neuronal perikarya and dendrites of mouse brain.

Neuronal Regeneration Related Protein (NREP) has roles in neural function. NREP promotes axonal regeneration. In addition, NREP has functions in cellular differentiation. NREP protein induces differentiation of fibroblast into myofibroblast and increases retinoic-acid regulation of lipid-droplet biogenesis. NREP down-regulates the expression of TGFB1 and TGFB2 but not of TGFB3. NREP has a role in the regulation of alveolar generation.

PQBP1 is a transcription repressor which is connected to polyglutamine tract-containing transcription regulators and connective genes for neurodegenerative disorders. PQBP1 is restricts to the nucleus and can be found in neurons all over the brain, with high levels in hippocampus, olfactory bulb and cerebellar cortex. PQBP1 holds a WWP/WW domain that binds proline-rich motifs and a C2 domain which is able to stimulate Ca2+-dependent phospholipid signaling.

FABP1 (Fatty acid binding protein1) encodes the fatty acid binding protein found in liver. FABP1 is composed of ten antiparallel beta strands that form a barrel with a bigger binding pocket than the other FABPs allowing it to accommodate two fatty acid. This protein binds free fatty acids and their coenzyme A derivatives, bilirubin, and some other small molecules in the cytoplasm; it may be involved in intracellular lipid transport and metabolism.

Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K, also known as HNRNPK, is a part of the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). HNRNPK takes part in p53/TP53 reaction to DNA damage, acting at the level of both transcription activation and repression. HNRNPK is located in the nucleoplasm and has 3 repeats of KH domains which bind to RNAs.

FKBP14 enzyme accelerates the folding of proteins during protein synthesis. FKBP14 contains 2 EF-hand domains and one PPIase FKBP-type domain. Truncation of the amino-terminus of FKBP14 significantly decreases peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity, therefore implicating that the PPIase FKBP-type domain must be located at the N-terminus.

Mitochondrial methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase (AUH) is involved in the amino acid degradation pathway by catalyzing the conversion of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA and water. AUH Human is expressed as a single mRNA species of 1.8 kb, and translated as a 40kDa precursor protein which is consequently processed to a 32kDa mature form. AUH has a very low enoyl-CoA hydratase activity. The AUH protein binds to the AU-rich element (ARE), which is a common element found in the 3' UTR of rapidly decaying mRNA such as c-fos, c-myc and granulocyte/ macrophage colony stimulating factor. AU-rich elements are involved in directing RNA to rapid degradation and deadenylation. In addition, AUH is homologous to enol-CoA hydratase, which is an enzyme involved in fatty acid degradation, and has been shown to have intrinsic hydratase enzymatic activity. AUH is therefore a bifunctional chimera between RNA binding and metabolic enzyme activity.