Search results

Energy Homeostasis Associated (ENHO) participates in glucose homeostasis maintenance and lipid metabolism. ENHO is expressed in the liver and the brain. The role of ENHO in obesity or diabetes is studied.

TFB1M is a member of the methyltransferase superfamily. TFB1M is a dimethyltransferase which methylates mitochondrial 12S rRNA at the conserved stem loop. The TFB1M protein also is part of the basal mitochondrial transcription complex and is required for mitochondrial gene expression. TFB1M stimulates transcription independently of the methyltransferase activity.

Malignant T cell amplified sequence 1 (MCTS1) is an Anti-oncogene which takes part in cell cycle regulation by means of decreasing cell doubling time and encouraging-dependent growth and also by shorting the duration of G1 transit time and G1/S transition. MCTS1 also plays a role as translation enhancer. MCTS1 recruits the density-regulated protein/DENR and binds to the cap complex of the 5'-terminus of mRNAs, thereupon altering the mRNA translation profile; Up-regulates protein levels of BCL2L2, TFDP1, MRE11A, CCND1 and E2F1, while mRNA levels remains constant.

LGALS8 is a prostate-specific antigen that is solely overexpressed in malignant tumors and thus is a supplementary specific identifier of malignancies. LGALS8 is part of the galectin gene family which facilitates both cell-cell and cell matrix interactions in a method parallel to the selectin subgroup of C-type lectins.

N-6 Adenine-Specific DNA Methyltransferase 1, also known as N6AMT1 is part of the methyltransferase family. N6AMT1 is implicated in the methylation of release factor I during translation termination. In addition, N6AMT1 is involved in converting the arsenic metabolite monomethylarsonous acid to the less toxic dimethylarsonic acid.

RAB3B which belongs to the RAS oncogene family is an extremely homologous monomeric GTPase that takes part in endocytosis and biosynthetic protein transport. The transport of recently synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to several stacks of the Golgi complex and to secretory vesicles includes in every phase the movement of carrier vesicles.

Spi-1 Proto-Oncogene, also known as SPI1, owns ETS-domain transcription factor which activates gene expression during myeloid and Blymphoid cell development. SPI1 binds to a purine-rich sequence called the PU-box which is located near the promoters of target genes, and regulates their expression. SPI1 binds RNA and modulate pre-mRNA splicing. SPI1 is also regulates alternative splicing of target genes.

ErbB3, also called Her3 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 3), is a type I membrane glycoprotein that is a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors. ErbB family members serve as receptors for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of growth factors. Among ErbB family members, ErbB3 is unique in that it contains a defective kinase domain. ErbB3 is expressed in keratinocytes, melanocytes, skeletal muscle cells, embryonic myoblasts and Schwann cells. Monomeric ErbB3 serves as a low affinity receptor for the heregulins (HRG). ErbB3 can induce specific antibody production in vivo, hence to inhibit tumor cell growth. ErbB-3 can be used to treat early, medium and advanced or post-operative breast cancer with over-expression of ErbB2. According to its mechanism of action, ErbB3 is classified as a therapeutic for cancer.

PMSG Hormone is a well know used hormone together with progestogen to increase ovulation just before to artificial insemination. PMSG hormone is a placental glycoprotein produced from the serum of pregnant mares. PMSG comprises of an alfa subunit and a beta subunit. PMSG hormone is secreted from endometrial cups within the pregnant mare uterus aging from 40 to 130 days into their maturation, and once extracted, it can been used to promote artificially estrus in female animals. These assemblies produce PMSG hormone to induce mare's ovarian and repsouctive structures. PMSG can induce the growth of follicles by ovaries and results in ovulatation. PMSG hormone has an about a 4 day half-life of bioactivity in species other than horses. The extended biological activity can cause ovarian stimulation and ovulation. However, PMSG use alone often causes cystic ovarian disease because of the unrestrained ovarian stimulation and due to the sugar molecules which decrease clearance of the hormone. PMSG is more likely to be used than other pituitary hormones due to the extended circulatory half-life. PMSG solely exhibits luteinizing hormone like activity, however in other animal classes it has FSH & LH like activity.

Akt1, also known as Akt or else protein kinase B (PKB) is an important molecule in mammaliancellular signaling. In humans, there are three genes in the "Akt family": Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3. Moreover, these enzymes are members of the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase family (EC2.7.11.1). Akt1 is involved in cellular survival pathways, by inhibiting apoptoticprocesses. Akt1 is also able to induce protein synthesis pathways, and is therefore a key signaling protein in the cellular pathways which lead to skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and general tissue growth. Since it can block apoptosis, and thereby promote cell survival, Akt1 has been implicated as a most important factor in numerous types of cancer. Akt (now also called Akt1) was at first identified as the oncogenein the transforming retrovirus, AKT8.

IFN-gamma produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens.
IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions, it is a potent activator of macrophages, and has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I IFNs.

Membrane Metalloendopeptidase, also known as MME is a zinc metallopeptidase which is expressed at the cell surface of various cells. MME degrades the amyloid beta peptide whose abnormal misfolding as well as aggregation in neural tissue has been implicated as the cause for Alzheimer's disease. MME is expressed in an extended range of tissues and is especially plentiful in the kidney. MME is also a common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen which is a significant cell surface marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). MME is used in hematological diagnosis because it is expressed by early B, pro-B and pre-B lymphocytes, and also by lymph node germinal centers.

MAT2A is an important enzyme in cellular metabolism and catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) from L-methionine and ATP. MAT2A is expressed in extrahepatic tissues. In liver, MAT2A expression associates with growth, dedifferentiation, and cancer. NF-kappa B and AP-1 are necessary for basal MAT2A expression in HepG2 cells and mediate the increase in MAT2A expression in response to TNF-alpha. Up-regulation of MAT2A provides growth improvement and s-adenosylmethionine and methylthioadenosine thus can block mitogenic signaling in colon cancer cells. Lower expression of both MAT2A and MAT2beta and interfere with leptin signaling in liver cancer cells.

Platelet factor-4 is a 70-amino acid protein that is released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets . Its major physiologic role appears to be neutralization of molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels, thereby inhibiting local antithrombin III activity and promoting coagulation. As a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils and fibroblasts, PF4 probably has a role in inflammation and wound repair. Oncostatin-A is a member of the CXC chemocinfamily. Human PF4 is used for the proof of induced thrombocytopenia. Furthermore it is used as an inhibitor in the angiogenesis during tumor therapy.

RHOV belongs to the Rho family and to the small GTPase superfamily. RHOV is a 236 aa protein which regulates the actin cytoskeleton by activating the JNK pathway. RHOV is expressed in placenta, pancreas and fetal brain and operates as a lipid anchor at the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane.

MMP9 is part of the matrix metalloproteinase family. MMP enzymes take part in the dismantle of extracellular matrix in different physiological pathways, for instance wound healing, bone development, reproduction etc. the enzyme is also involved in pathological pathways: metastasis, arthritis and intracerebral hemorrhage.

Oncostatin M is a member of a cytokine family that includes leukemia-inhibitory factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 6. This gene encodes a growth regulator which inhibits the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines. It regulates cytokine production, including IL-6, G-CSF and GM-CSF from endothelial cells.

CCL28 is part of the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. CCL28 shows chemotactic activity for resting CD4 or CD8 T cells and eosinophils. CCL28 binds to chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10. CCL28 is involved in the physiology of extracutaneous epithelial tissues, including diverse mucosal organs. CCL28 mediates mucosal immunity in HIV exposure and infection. CCL28 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
Human CCL28 cDNA encodes a 127 amino acid residue precursor protein with a putative 22 amino acid residue signal peptide that is cleaved to produce the 105 amino acid residue mature protein. Human and mouse CCL28 are highly conserved, sharing 83% amino acid identity in their mature regions. CCL28 shares the most homology with CCL27/CTACK. Human and mouse CCL28 RNA expression was found to be highest in normal and pathologic colon with the protein being expressed by epithelial cells. Human CCL28 RNA was also present in normal and asthmatic lung tissues.

VCPKMT is a member of the methyltransferase superfamily. VCPKMT is a protein-lysine N-methyltransferase which specifically trimethylates 'Lys-315' of VCP/p97; this alteration reduces VCP ATPase activity.

RAET1E is a member of the MHC class I family. MHC class I family contains main histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related genes positioned in a cluster on chromosome 6q24.2-q25.3. RAET1E and RAET1G protein are different from other RAET1 proteins since they have type I membrane-spanning sequences at their C termini instead glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor sequences.RAET1E acts as a ligand for NKG2D receptor, expressed on the surface of numerous types of immune cells, involves in innate adaptive immune reactions.RAET1E delivers signals to NK cells and advances tumor immune surveillance by inducing the growth of anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocyte.

MTHSFD, also known as Methenyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase Domain Containing protein, is linked to Pancreas, Annular and Gastrointestinal Defects. It has also been associated with Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Some of the Gene Ontology annotations that are related to the MTHSFD gene are nucleic acid binding and nucleotide binding.

SEPT5 is a member of the septin gene family of nucleotide binding proteins which were initially defined in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are extremely conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse and seem to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Interference of septin function disrupts cytokinesis and results in high multinucleate or polyploid cells.