Search results

Chromosome 10 Open Reading Frame 54, also known as C10ORF54 is part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Like a transmembrane molecule, C10ORF54 is expressed in the bone on embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and on tumor cell surface as well. Accordingly, C10ORF54 supports the differentiation of ESC and ehhances BMP4 induced signaling in ESC, however C10ORF54 is also down regulated following to BMP4 exposure.

TYRP1, also known as 5, 6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase, is a melanosomal enzyme which is a member of the tyrosinase family and takes a significant part in the melanin biosynthetic pathway. TYRP1 is a melanocyte-specific gene which is involved in eumelanin synthesis. Furthermore, TYRP1 is implicated in the oxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid-DHICA into indole-5,6-quinone-2-carboxylic acid. TYRP1 is regulated by the microphthalmia-associatedtranscription factor-MITF.

Mitochondrial rRNA methyltransferase 1 homolog (MRM1) is a part of the RNA methyltransferase TrmH family. MRM1 methylates the ribose of guanosine G-2270 in the peptidyl transferase center of the mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA (21S).

Mycobacterium antigen ESAT-6 has been isolated from low molecular weight fractions of the shot-term-culture filtrate (ST-CF) and it can easily be detected in tuberculosis patients.
The export of ESAT-6 which is a potent T-cell antigen, and related proteins requires a dedicated secretory apparatus that is encoded by a group of genes, several of which also code for proteins that are recognized strongly by T cells. The ESAT-6 systems can consequently be considered as immunogenicity islands and there is mounting evidence that the equivalent genes are subject to selective pressure imposed by the immune system of the host.
This antigen includes many epitopes detectable in the serum of most patients with tuberculosis (more than 90%). By the attempts to obtain the vaccine on the basis of ESAT-6 it was demonstrated that the optimization of adjuvant is very important when using the combination of dioctadecylammonium bromide and monophosphoryllipide.
Recently it was shown that ESAT-6 is very potential as diagnostic for differentiation between the mycobacterial infection and BCG vaccination. The main topic in ESAT-6 using is in antibody production and in test-systems for tuberculosis elaboration.

Adenosine deaminase-like protein (ADAL) is a putative nucleoside deaminase. ADAL catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine or some similar substrate and has a role in purine metabolism.

Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of betaine and homocysteine to dimethylglycine and methionine, respectively. BHMT displays differential expression in a model of liver cirrhosis.

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that resorb bone and are essential for bone homeostasis. OSCAR plays crucial roles in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses.Unlike the other LRC members, OSCAR expression is found specifically in preosteoclasts or mature osteoclasts. OSCAR is an important bone-specific regulator of osteoclast differentiation. Multiple alternative splicing transcript variants encodes different isoforms have been found for this gene.

UCK1 is a uridine-cytidine kinase which catalyzes the phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine to uridine monophosphate and cytidine monophosphate. UCK1 does not phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides or purine ribonucleosides. UCK1 is also phosphorylates uridine and cytidine analogs and uses ATP and GTP as a phosphate donor.

ARL15 is a member of the ARF family which are essential in eukaryotic vesicular trafficking pathways and have a vital part in the activation of phospholipase D. ARL15 variants influence levels of Acrp30, an adipocyte-derived protein that is extremely genetic and inversely related to the prospect of type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease.

HERPUD1 is a multi-pass membrane protein which is a part of the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system. HERPUD1 owns 1 N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain and is expressed highly in the brain. HERPUD1 is also known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD) which takes part in ubiquitin-dependent degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum proteins.

Cerebral Cavernous Malformation 2, also known as CCM2 is a piece of the CCM signaling pathway which is a vital regulator of heart and vessel formation as well as integrity. CCM2 performs through the stabilization of endothelial cell junctions. In addition, CCM2 functions as a scaffold protein for MAP2K3-MAP3K3 signaling. CCM2 plays a key role in the modulation of MAP3K3-dependent p38 activation induced by hyperosmotic shock. Mutations in CCM2 result in cerebral cavernous malformations. Multiple transcript variants encoding dissimilar isoforms have been discovered for CCM2.

Osteopontin is a glycoprotein that was primarilyfound in osteoblasts and takes part in bone remodeling, immune functions in fibroblasts, macrophages, & lymphocytes during inflammation and wound healing. SPP1 highlybinds to hydroxyapatite. SPP1 forms an integral part of the mineralized matrix. SPP1 is vital to cell-matrix interaction.
Secreted Phosphoprotein-1 protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury through late preconditioning. Expression of Ostepontin and CD44 in hepatocellular carcinoma is linked to advanced tumor stage &leads to prognosis information. SPP1 is the most over-expressed gene in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Secreted Phosphoprotein-1 overexpression is related with interstitial lung diseases.

BIN1 is a nucleocytoplasmic adaptor protein, one of which was primarily identified as MYC-interacting protein having the characteristics of a tumor suppressor. BIN1 protein interacts with and inhibits the oncogenic activity of the myc oncoprotein that is a key player in many human cancers. The absence of Bin1 contributes to growth deregulation in cancer cells in carcinoma of the breast, colon, lung, cervix, prostate and liver.

CCL28 is part of the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. CCL28 shows chemotactic activity for resting CD4 or CD8 T cells and eosinophils. CCL28 binds to chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10. CCL28 is involved in the physiology of extracutaneous epithelial tissues, including diverse mucosal organs. CCL28 mediates mucosal immunity in HIV exposure and infection. CCL28 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
Human CCL28 cDNA encodes a 127 amino acid residue precursor protein with a putative 22 amino acid residue signal peptide that is cleaved to produce the 105 amino acid residue mature protein. Human and mouse CCL28 are highly conserved, sharing 83% amino acid identity in their mature regions. CCL28 shares the most homology with CCL27/CTACK. Human and mouse CCL28 RNA expression was found to be highest in normal and pathologic colon with the protein being expressed by epithelial cells. Human CCL28 RNA was also present in normal and asthmatic lung tissues.

CCL28 is part of the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. CCL28 shows chemotactic activity for resting CD4 or CD8 T cells and eosinophils. CCL28 binds to chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10. CCL28 is involved in the physiology of extracutaneous epithelial tissues, including diverse mucosal organs. CCL28 mediates mucosal immunity in HIV exposure and infection. CCL28 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
Human CCL28 cDNA encodes a 127 amino acid residue precursor protein with a putative 22 amino acid residue signal peptide that is cleaved to produce the 105 amino acid residue mature protein. Human and mouse CCL28 are highly conserved, sharing 83% amino acid identity in their mature regions. CCL28 shares the most homology with CCL27/CTACK. Human and mouse CCL28 RNA expression was found to be highest in normal and pathologic colon with the protein being expressed by epithelial cells. Human CCL28 RNA was also present in normal and asthmatic lung tissues.

The Melanoma Inhibitory protein (MIA) was identified as an inhibitor of in vitro growth of malignant melanoma cells. The protein contains a SH3 domain. MIA acts as a potent tumor cell growth inhibitor for malignant melanoma cells and some other neuroectodermal tumors, including gliomas, in an autocrine fashion. In a study of human melanoma cell lines with different metastatic capacity MIA mRNA expression appeared to be inversely correlated with pigmentation. MIA has been shown to represent a very sensitive and specific serum marker for systemic malignant melanoma that might be useful for staging of primary melanomas, detection of progression from localized to metastatic disease during follow-up, and monitoring therapy of advanced melanomas.

Secretoglobin Family 1D, Member 1 (SCGB1D1) belongs to the lipophilin subfamily, part of the uteroglobin superfamily, and is an ortholog of prostatein (which is the major secretory glycoprotein of the rat ventral prostate gland). SCGB1D1 binds androgens and other steroids. In addition SCGB1D1 binds chemotherapeutic drugs during the prostate cancer treatment. Steroid hormones regulate the SCGB1D1 transcription. SCGB1D1 is secreted into extracellular space. SCGB1D1 gene product represents one component of a heterodimeric molecule found in human tears whose elution profile is consistent with prostatein (which is a tetrameric molecule comprised of 3 peptide components in heterodimers).

Mediator Complex Subunit 27 (MED27) is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, which, together with TFIID, is necessary for efficient activation by SP1. MED27 is a component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of virtually all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. MED27 protein is also a component of other multisubunit complexes such as the thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins which interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors. The activation of MED27 gene transcription is a multistep process, which is triggered by factors that identify transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA.

Cholera Toxin B subunit (ctxB) Cholera is a protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ctxB is responsible for the massive, watery diarrhea characteristic of cholera infection. The cholera toxin is an oligomeric complex made up of 6 protein subunits: a single copy of the A subunit and5 copies of the B subunit, denoted as AB5. Subunit B binds while subunit A activates the G protein which activates adenylate cyclase. The five B subunits form a five-membered ring. The A subunit has 2 important segments. The A1 portion of the chain (CTA1) is a globular enzyme payload that ADP-ribosylates G proteins, while the A2 chain (CTA2) forms an extended alpha helix which sits snugly in the central pore of the B subunit ring.

Ferredoxin-1 is a small iron-sulfur protein who transfers electrons from NADPH through ferredoxin reductase to a terminal cytochrome P450. This specific oxidation/reduction system is located in steroidogenic tissues, and is involved with the synthesis of bile acid and vitamin D. FDX1 takes part in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and transfers electrons from adrenodoxin reductase to the cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome P450. FDX1 supports reactions catalyzed by human microsomal P450s- full length CYP17, truncated CYP17, and truncated CYP21. In addition to the FDX1 at the 11q22chromosomal locus, there are pseudogenes located on chromosomes 20 and 21.

sRAGE is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules. sRAGE is a receptor for various molecules, including the amyloidogenic form of serum amyloid A, amyloid-beta protein, members of the S100/calgranulin superfamily and advanced glycation end products. sRAGE lies within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. sRAGE mediates interactions of nonenzymatic glycosylated proteins which accumulate in vascular tissue during aging & at an increasing rate in diabetes. sRAGE is a receptor for amyloid beta peptide.