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GNPDA1, catalyzes the conversion of glucosamine-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, a reaction that under physiological conditions proceeds to the formation of fructose-6-phosphate. GNPDA1 is widely expressed with highest expression in testes, ovary and heart. GNPDA1 triggers calcium oscillations in mammalian eggs. These oscillations are as the necessary trigger for egg activation and early development of the embryo.

N-6 Adenine-Specific DNA Methyltransferase 1, also known as N6AMT1 is part of the methyltransferase family. N6AMT1 is implicated in the methylation of release factor I during translation termination. In addition, N6AMT1 is involved in converting the arsenic metabolite monomethylarsonous acid to the less toxic dimethylarsonic acid.

LYPLA1 is lysophospholipase which performs on biological membranes to regulate the multifunctional lysophospholipids. LYPLA1 protein hydrolyzes fatty acids from S-acylated cysteine residues in proteins like trimeric G alpha proteins or HRAS and in addition has depalmitoylating activity.

PNMT is an enzyme located in the adrenal medulla and it catalyzes the final step of the catecholamine biosynthesis pathway. PNMT has beta-carboline 2N-methyltransferase activity. PNMT takes part in regulating epinephrine production. Glucocorticoid receptors form multimers of PNMT independent of the DNA binding domain. PNMT expression is regulated late in mouse gestation by AP2-alpha and glucocorticoids.

PDIA6 belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family (PDI). PDIA6 is an enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes or periplasmic space of prokaryotes which catalyzes the formation and breakage of disulfide bonds between cysteine residues within proteins as they fold. PDIA6 functions as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins. PDIA6, also has a role in platelet aggregation and activation by agonists such as convulxin, collagen and thrombin.

Pyruvate kinase is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. The M2 isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase is specifically expressed at high levels in tumor cells, and can be measured in plasma of patients with advanced breast cancer. The marker is useful for measuring disease activity, sensitivity to chemotherapy and recurrence.

Seed storage proteins have been identified as major allergens in several other tree nuts and peanut. 2S albumin Cor a 14.0101 is a seed storage protein in hazelnut. Sensitization to Cor a 14.0101 may cause a severe allergic reaction, mainly in children.

Uromodulin is the most abundant protein in normal urine. Its secretion in urine follows proteolytic cleavage of the ectodomain of its glycosyl phosphatidylinosital-anchored counterpart that is situated on the luminal cell surface of the loop of Henle. Uromodulin plays a role as a constitutive inhibitor of calcium crystallization in renal fluids. Secretion of uromodulin in urine provides protection against urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic bacteria. Defects in Uromodulin expression are associated with the autosomal dominant renal disorders medullary cystic kidney disease-2 (MCKD2) and familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy (FJHN). These disorders are characterized by juvenile onset of hyperuricemia, gout, and progressive renal failure. While several transcript variants may exist for this gene, the full-length natures of only two have been described to date. UMOD is involved in regulating the circulating activity of cytokines as it binds to il-1, il-2 and tnf with high affinity.

Membrane-bound & Cytosolic forms of GST are encoded by 2 separate supergene families. These enzymes function in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. There are 8 different classes of soluble cytoplasmic mammalian GST: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. The GSTA1 is found in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6, and is highly expressed in the liver. GSTA1 protects the cells from reactive oxygen species.

Folate Hydrolase 1 (Folh1) is a single pass type 2 membrane protein which is expressed mainly in prostate epithelium. Folh1 which is a part of the peptidase M28 family and M28B subfamily has both folate hydrolase and N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase activity. Folh1 can be found in urinary bladder, kidney, testis, ovary, stomach, small intestine colon, and the capillary endothelium of various tumors. Therefore, Folh1 plays a role in directed imaging and therapy of recurrent of metastatic disease.

Cathepsin-Z (CTSZ) is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase and member of the peptidase C1 family. CTSZ, which has been also known as cathepsin X and cathepsin P, exhibits carboxy-monopeptidase and carboxy-dipeptidase activities. CTSZ is expressed ubiquitously in cancer cell lines and primary tumors and, similar to other members of this family, takes part in tumorigenesis.

Dual Specificity Phosphatase 6, also known as DUSP6 belongs to the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. DUSP6 is a Protein coding gene which inactivates MAP kinases. Various members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show diverse tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli.

SEPSECS catalyzes the last step of sec synthesis by converting O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(sec) to selenocysteinyl-tRNA(sec) using selenophosphate as the selenium donor. Furthermore, SEPSECS protein is considered a specific marker of autoimmune hepatitis.

Phosphoribosyltransferase domain-containing protein 1 (PRTFDC1) is a member of the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. PRTFDC1 has a low, barely measurable phosphoribosyltransferase activity (in vitro). PRTFDC1 can bind GMP, IMP and alpha-D-5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). PRTFDC1 is not expected to impact purine metabolism or GMP salvage.

GGCT is a member of the family of transferases, specifically the aminoacyltransferases. GGCT protein catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and takes an important part in glutathione homeostasis. GGCT induces release of cytochrome c from mitochondria with resultant induction of apoptosis.

The Casein kinase 2 (EC2.7.11.1) is a serine/threonine-selective protein kinasethat is a tetramer of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The alpha subunits have the catalytic kinase domain. Casein kinase 2 has been implicated in cell cyclecontrol, DNA repair, regulation of the circadian rhythmand other cellular processes.
Casein kinase 2 activity has been reported to be activated following Wnt signaling pathwayactivation. A Pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteinand Disheveled appear to be an intermediary between Wnt-mediated activation of the Frizzled receptor and activation of casein kinase 2.

PRSS3 is a trypsinogen, and a member of the trypsin family of serine proteases. PRSS3 is expressed in the pancreas and brain and is unaffected by common trypsin inhibitors. It is active on peptide linkages involving the carboxyl group of lysine or arginine. PRSS3 is restricted to the locus of T cell receptor beta variable orphans on chromosome 9. 4 different isoforms encoded by 4 transcript variants were identified for this gene.

Glutaredoxin belongs to the thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase family. Glutraredoxins catalyze the reversible reduction of protein-glutathionyl mixed disulfides to free sulfhydryl groups though a monothiol mechanism. Glutaredoxin-3 (GRX3) is an important protein involved in the regulation of signal transduction, for example during immune cell activation and development of cardiac hypertrophy, apparently in response to redox signals. GRX3 interacts with PRKCQ. GRX3 may have a role in the regulation the function of the thioredoxin system. GRX3 is expressed in the heart, spleen, testis and, to a lower extent, in the thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes. GRX3 is weakly expressed in lung, placenta, colon and small intestine.

TEV protease is the common name for the 27 kDa catalytic domain of the Nuclear Inclusion a (NIa) protein encoded by the tobacco etch virus (TEV). Because its sequence specificity is far more stringent than that of factor Xa, thrombin, or enterokinase, TEV protease is a very useful reagent for cleaving fusion proteins. TEV protease recognizes a linear epitope of the general form E-Xaa-Xaa-Y -Xaa-Q-(G/S), with cleavage occurring between Q and G or Q and S. The most commonly used sequence is ENLYFQG.

Platelet-activating Factor Acetylhydrolase 1b Catalytic Subunit 3 (PAFAH1B3) is a member of the 'GDSL' lipolytic enzyme family. Acetylhydrolase catalyzes the elimination of an acetyl group from the glycerol backbone of platelet-activating factor. PAFAH1B3, which is a subunit of the platelet-activating factor cetylhydrolase isoform 1B complex, is comprised of the catalytic beta and gamma subunits and the regulatory alpha subunit. The PAFAH1B3 complex has an imperative role during the development of brain.

Thrombin enzyme (Activated Factor IIa) is an important clotting promoter that controls the transformation of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble active fibrin strands. Thrombin is a coagulation protein and a serine protease (EC 3.4.21.5) that catalyzes many coagulation-related reactions. Thrombin triggers factor-XI, factor-V, Factor-XIII and factor-VIII. Thrombin endorses platelet activation, using activation of protease-activated receptors on the platelet. As a result of its high proteolytic specificity, thrombin has become an important biochemical protein. The thrombin cleavage site (Leu-Val-Pro-Arg-Gly-Ser) is widely used in linker regions of recombinant fusion protein constructs. After the purification of the fusion protein, thrombin is used to cleave between the Arginine and Glycine residues of the cleavage site, efficiently removing the purification tag from the protein of interest with a high degree of specificity.