Search results

Bcl2 modifying factor, is a member of the Bcl2 protein family of apoptosis mediators. Bcl2 modifying factor is widely expressed in many tissues.
Bcl2 modifying factor contains a single Bcl2 homology domain 3 (BH3), and binds Bcl2 proteins and functions as an apoptotic activator. Also, Bcl2 modifying factor is important for histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors which alters the balance between acetylation and deacetylation, significantly increasing histone acetylation, while strongly inducing apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell types. Bcl2 modifying factor supports Bim in regulating cell death processes in response to many stimuli. A synergistic role for bim and Bcl2 modifying factor in an apoptotic pathway leading to the clearance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae -infected cells.

NFATC2, also known as nuclear factor of activated T-cells 2, belongs to the nuclear factor of activated T cells family. NFATC2 takes a significant part in the course of T helper cell differentiation, activation, and effector function. Even though KO of an individual NFAT isoform in T cells directs to rather minor effects, T cells lacking for NFATC1 and 2 totally fail to produce T helper cell effector cytokines, for instance the interleukins IL-4 and IL-2. Moreover, NFATC2 is highly phosphorylated and kept in the cytoplasm. Next T cell receptor stimulation, dephosphorylation via calcium-activated calcineurin induces a conformational modification of NFATC2 which reveals a few nuclear localization sequences.

IL-7 is a cytokine important for B and T cell development. This cytokine and the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) form a heterodimer that functions as a pre-pro-B cell growth-stimulating factor. This cytokine is found to be a cofactor for V(D)J rearrangement of the T cell receptor beta (TCRB) during early T cell development. This cytokine can be produced locally by intestinal epithelial and epithelial goblet cells, and may serve as a regulatory factor for intestinal mucosal lymphocytes. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this cytokine plays an essential role in lymphoid cell survival.

Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) is the receptor for leukemia inhibitory factor, a pleiotropic cytokine affecting the differentiation, survival, and proliferation of various cells in the adult and the embryo. LIFR plays an imperative role in a number of aspects of early pregnancy such as blastocyst implantation in the uterus.

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-III (EIF4A3) is a member of the DEAD box helicase family and eIF4A subfamily. DEAD box proteins, distinguished by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. These proteins are involved in several cellular processes including alteration of RNA secondary structure, such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. EIF4A3 is a part of a splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) accumulated at splice junction on mRNAs. Based upon their distribution patterns, some members of the DEAD box helicase family are thought to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division.

C1QTNF6 is a collagen type-IV specific for basement membranes. C1QTNF6 is vital for embryonic development.

Platelet-activating Factor Acetylhydrolase 1b Catalytic Subunit 3 (PAFAH1B3) is a member of the 'GDSL' lipolytic enzyme family. Acetylhydrolase catalyzes the elimination of an acetyl group from the glycerol backbone of platelet-activating factor. PAFAH1B3, which is a subunit of the platelet-activating factor cetylhydrolase isoform 1B complex, is comprised of the catalytic beta and gamma subunits and the regulatory alpha subunit. The PAFAH1B3 complex has an imperative role during the development of brain.

TFB1M is a member of the methyltransferase superfamily. TFB1M is a dimethyltransferase which methylates mitochondrial 12S rRNA at the conserved stem loop. The TFB1M protein also is part of the basal mitochondrial transcription complex and is required for mitochondrial gene expression. TFB1M stimulates transcription independently of the methyltransferase activity.

Inhibitor of Growth Family, Member 2 (ING2) belongs to the inhibitor of growth (ING) family. ING family members associate with and modulate the activity of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes and serve in DNA repair and apoptosis. ING2 appears to be involved in p53/TP53 activation and p53/TP53-dependent apoptotic pathways, most likely by enhancing acetylation of p53/TP53. ING2 is a component of an mSin3A-like corepressor complex, which is probably involved in deacetylation of nucleosomal histones. ING2 activity is modulated by binding to phosphoinositides (PtdInsPs).

Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein that belongs to the transferrin family of iron binding proteins. It is found in human breast milk as well as most epithelial surface secretions including tears, nasogastric, saliva, and bronchial. Lactoferrin binds 2 molecules of iron with very high affinity. Lactoferrin inhibits bacterial growth by withholding iron, its N-terminal region is an antimicrobial peptide. Lactotransferrin acts synergistically with lysozyme to potentiate the activity of both proteins. The multifunctional protein lactoferrin has many physiological possible roles. It is often referred to as an innate defense protein and frequently serves as the first line of defense in protection against pathogens. It has been shown to have the ability to bind iron, it is a natural anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral, it is an antioxidant and it also has immunomodulatory properties. It has many beneficial properties, which make it a good candidate for a number of product applications. Considerable research is currently going on to explain the various suggested biological functions of lactoferrin.

TNFRSF14, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is a type I transmembrane protein. TNFRSF14 is expressed in peripheral blood T cells, B cells, monocytes and in various tissues enriched in lymphoid cells. TNFRSF14 operates as a co-stimulatory factor for the activation of lymphoid cells and as a deterrent to infection by herpesvirus. Additionally, TNFRSF14 encourages the proliferation of T cells, and triggers apoptosis of various tumor cells.

PEX19 is vital for peroxisome biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PEX19 is limited to the outer surface of peroxisomes in liver cells and is has a part in the early stage of peroxisome membrane assembly, prior to the import of matrix protein.

Killer Cell Lectin-like Receptor Subfamily G, Member 1 (KLRG1) is a member of the killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR) family, which is a group of transmembrane proteins preferentially expressed in NK cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes which mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. NK cells can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The cell surface expression of KLRG1 is up-regulated by MHC class I molecules expression.

Osteopontin is a glycoprotein that was first identified in osteoblasts and is involved in bone remodeling, immune functions in fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes during inflammation and wound healing. SPP1 binds tightly to hydroxyapatite. SPP1 forms an integral part of the mineralized matrix. SPP1 is vital to cell-matrix interaction.
Secreted Phosphoprotein-1 protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury via late preconditioning. Expression of both Ostepontin and CD44 in hepatocellular carcinoma is linked with advanced tumor stage and contributes to prognosis information. SPP1 is the most over-expressed gene in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Secreted Phosphoprotein-1 overexpression is related with interstitial lung diseases.

IL-7 is a cytokine important for B and T cell development. This cytokine and the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) form a heterodimer that functions as a pre-pro-B cell growth-stimulating factor. This cytokine is found to be a cofactor for V(D)J rearrangement of the T cell receptor beta (TCRB) during early T cell development. This cytokine can be produced locally by intestinal epithelial and epithelial goblet cells, and may serve as a regulatory factor for intestinal mucosal lymphocytes. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this cytokine plays an essential role in lymphoid cell survival.

KLK2 is a part of the grandular kallikrein protein family whose Members are engaged in a diverse array of biological functions. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases which are clustered on chromosome 19. KLK2 is a highly active trypsin-like serine protease which selectively cleaves at arginine remains. KLK2 is mostly expressed in prostatic tissue and is accountable for cleaving pro-prostate-specific antigen into its enzymatically active form. KLK2 is greatly expressed in prostate tumor cells and may possibly be a prognostic maker for prostate cancer risk.

Chromosome 10 Open Reading Frame 54, also known as C10ORF54 is part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Like a transmembrane molecule, C10ORF54 is expressed in the bone on embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and on tumor cell surface as well. Accordingly, C10ORF54 supports the differentiation of ESC and ehhances BMP4 induced signaling in ESC, however C10ORF54 is also down regulated following to BMP4 exposure.

OSTF1 is an intracellular protein produced by osteoclasts that induces bone resorption, via signaling cascade which results in the secretion of factors enhancing osteoclast formation and activity.

CTK-19 is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. Unlike its related family members, this smallest known acidic cytokeratin is not paired with a basic cytokeratin in epithelial cells. It is specifically expressed in the periderm, the transiently superficial layer that envelopes the developing epidermis. The type I cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21.

Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor ATF-Like 3 (BATF3) which is localizes to the nucleus, contains 1 bZIP domain. BATF3 functions as a negative regulator of AP-1-mediated transcription when interacting with c-Jun, particularly by heterodimerizing with c-Jun and binding to DNA response elements. BATF3 also takes part in repression of interleukin-2.

Prolactin is a lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis .Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation.Prolactin has been shown also to have cytokine-like activities and to have important immunoregulatory activities. It contributes to the development of lymphoid tissues and the maintenance of physiological immune function and also modulates a variety of T-cell immune responses. Prolactin has been reported to activate cellular proliferation in nonreproductive tissue, such as liver, spleen, and thymus. It induces significant proliferation in aortic smooth muscle cells and also enhances proliferation of these cells induced by PDGF . Prolactin also appears to be directly mitogenic for pancreatic beta cells. Prolactin is also mitogenic for cultured astrocytes.

Ring Finger Protein 7, also known as RNF7, is an extremely conserved ring finger protein. RNF7 is a vital subunit of SKP1-cullin/CDC53-F box protein ubiquitin ligases that are a part of the protein degradation machinery important for cell cycle progression and signal transduction. RNF7 is a substrate of casein kinase II (CSNK2A1/CKII) and also interacts with it. The phosphorylation of RNF7 by CSNK2A1 promotes the degradation of IkappaBalpha (CHUK/IKK-alpha/IKBKA) and p27Kip1(CDKN1B).

Oral cancer-overexpressed protein 1 (ORAOV1) is a candidate oncogene in the 11q13 chromosomal region. Functional analyses showed that ORAOV1 was involved in the regulation of HeLa cell growth via its effect on cell cycle and apoptosis. ORAOV1 is widely expressed; it has a high expression in the placenta, kidney and skeletal muscle. ORAOV1 is amplified and overexpressed in oral cancer cells.

Chromosome 19 Open Reading Frame 80 (C19ORF80) is a significant new regulator of lipid metabolism which regulates serum triglyceride levels, possibly by promoting ANGPTL3 cleavage. C19ORF80 belongs to the ANGPTL protein family. C19ORF80 is a hormone which specifically promotes pancreatic beta cell proliferation and beta cell mass expansion, thus improving glucose tolerance. C19ORF80 is mainly expressed in the liver; it is also expressed in adipose tissues. C19ORF80 is expressed in response to food intake and stimulated by insulin.