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KLRC2 has a part as a receptor for the recognition of MHC class I HLA-E molecules by NK cells and some cytotoxic T-cells. The group, designated KLRC (NKG2) are expressed mainly in natural killer (NK) cells and encodes a family of transmembrane proteins categorized by a type II membrane orientation (extracellular C terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. The KLRC (NKG2) gene family is situated inside the NK complex, a region which holds a few C-type lectin genes specially expressed on NK cells. KLRC2 alternative splice variants are known but their full-length nature is yet to be determined.

Peroxisomal Biogenesis Factor 26 (PEX26) which is a part of the peroxin-26 gene family is probably required for protein import into peroxisomes. PEX26 attaches PEX1 and PEX6 to peroxisome membranes to form heteromeric AAA ATPase complexes needed for the import of proteins into peroxisomes. Deficiencies in this gene are the cause of peroxisome biogenesis disorder complementation group 8. PBD is a group of peroxisomal disorders evolving from a failure of protein import into the peroxisomal membrane or matrix.

Killer Cell lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K, Member 1 (KLRK1) is an activating receptor which has recently generated considerable interest. The most fascinating of these, are a couple of closely related proteins known as MICA and MICB. These are cell-surface molecules distantly related to MHC class I proteins, and their genes have elements of heat shock promoters. Thus, MICA and MICB are expressed in the course of cell stress and are up-regulated in tumor cells and during viral infections. This receptor-ligand combination has a crucial role in the immune response to various pathologies.

Kruppel-Like Factor 7 (KLF7) is a part of the Kruppel-like transcriptional regulator family whose members regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival and contain 3 C2H2 zinc fingers at the C-terminus that mediate binding to GC-rich sites. KLF7 contributes to the progression of type 2 diabetes by inhibiting insulin expression and secretion in pancreatic beta-cells and also by deregulating adipocytokine secretion in adipocytes.

Platelet factor-4 is a 70-amino acid protein that is released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets and binds with high affinity to heparin. Its major physiologic role appears to be neutralization of heparin-like molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels, thereby inhibiting local antithrombin III activity and promoting coagulation. As a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils and fibroblasts, PF4 probably has a role in inflammation and wound repair. Oncostatin-A is a member of the CXC chemokine family. Human PF4 is used for the proof of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Furthermore it is used as an inhibitor in the angiogenesis during tumor therapy.

Kallikrein-10 (KLK10) is one of the 15 kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having various physiological functions. KLK10 is secreted and has a role in suppression of tumorigenesis in breast and prostate cancers.

TRAIL Receptor-3, also known as TNFRSF10C belongs to theTNF-receptor super family. TNFRSF10C contains an extracellular TRAIL-binding domain as well as a transmembranedomain, however no cytoplasmic death domain. Furthermore, TNFRSF10C is not capable of inducing apoptosis, and is considered toact as an antagonistic receptor which protects cells from TRAIL-induced apoptosis.

Placental Lactogen is a polypeptide hormone that is produced by the Syncytiotrophoblasts of the Placenta, also known as chorionic somatomammotropin. It has both GH and Prolactin activities on growth, lactation, and luteal steroid production. In women, placental lactogen secretion begins soon after implantation and increases to 1 g or more a day in late pregnancy. Placental lactogen is also an ins. antagonist.
Placental Lactogen Bovine is also capable of activating human and other heterologous GH receptors but not ruminat GH receptors.

HIF1A has a role as a master transcriptional monitor of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions HIF1A activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including, erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, and genes whose protein products increase oxygen release or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. HIF1A functions as an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease.

GH is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones which play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation; an arrangement which is thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. This particular family member is expressed in the pituitary but not in placental tissue as is the case for the other four genes in the growth hormone locus. Mutations in or deletions of the gene lead to growth hormone deficiency and short stature.

PTX3 is part of the pentraxin family sharing the C-terminal domain with short pentraxins and containing a unique N-terminal domain. PTX3 is produced and released at inflammatory sites by various cell types including monocytes/macrophages, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes. PTX3 is involved in the regulation of innate resistance to pathogens, inflammatory reactions, possibly clearance of self-components and female fertility. PTX3 is used as a marker for disease activity of psoriasis. High serum PTX3 levels are associated with the disease severity of systemic sclerosis. Elevated serum PTX3 is associated with pulmonary fungal infections.

Platelet factor-4 is a 70-amino acid protein that is released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets. Its major physiologic role appears to be neutralization of molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels, thereby inhibiting local activity and promoting coagulation. As a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils and fibroblasts, PF4 probably has a role in inflammation and wound repair. Oncostatin-A is a member of the CXC chemocinfamily.

Mitochondrial Ribosome Recycling Factor (MRRF) is a member of the RRF family. MRRF attaches to the large ribosomal subunit in the cleft which has a peptidyl transferase center. MRRF controls the release of ribosome from messenger RNA at the termination of protein biosynthesis. Also, it may intensify the efficacy of translation by recycling ribosome from one round of translation to another.

Kallikrein-5 (KLK5) is a member of the serine protease family of proteolytic enzymes. KLK5 is expressed in various tissues including the salivary gland, stomach, uterus, lung, thymus, prostate, colon, brain, thyroid, and trachea. KLK5 expression is up-regulated by estrogens and progestins. KLK5 is secreted and may be involved in desquamation in the epidermis. Kallikreins which are a subgroup of serine proteases, have distinct physiological functions. Many kallikreins are associated with carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. The KLK5 gene is one of the 15 kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19.

TRAIL Receptor-1 (DR4) and TRAIL Receptor-2(DR5) are members of the TNFR superfamily of transmembrane proteins and contain a cytoplasmic "death domain", which is capable of activating the cell's apoptotic machinery. These receptors are activated by binding to either membrane anchored or soluble TRAIL/Apo2L.

ETS homologous factor (EHF) is a part of the ESE subfamily of Ets transcription factors. Ets factors are an important kind of transcriptional regulators which take part in hema-topoiesis, angiogenesis, organogenesis, oncogenesis and specification of neuronal connectivity. EHF is expressed solely in a subset of epithelial cells, with highest expression noticed in glandular epithelium of the prostate, pancreas, salivary gland and trachea. EHF transactivates the c-Met promoter via 3 high affinity binding sites, which support the notion that EHF contribute to branching morphogenesis.

FAS or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 or TNFRSF6, is part of the death receptor family, which is part of the TNF receptor protein family. TNFRSF6 has a crucial part in regulating viral infections. FAS protein can be found in almost all cell types, when its cognate ligand (FasL) can be found in activated T cells, NK cells & dendritic cells. The regulating protein of FasL & TRAIL on HCMV-infected dendritic enhances direct destruction of activated T lymphocytes. furthermore, subvertneutrophil function in HCMV retinitis can occur when FasL is activated in HCMV infected retinal pigment epithelial cells.

TIGAR is a p53-inducible enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose-2-6 bisphosphate (F-2-6-BP) to fructose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. F-2-6-BP is an influential activator of 6-phosphofructose-1 kinase (the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis). By lowering the intracellular level of F-2-6-BP, TIGAR expression leads to increased glucose processing through the pentose phosphate pathway, the main cellular source for NADPH.

C17orf103 is a member of the GTLF3B family and is encoded by a gene which is located in human chromosome 17p11.2. BRCA1 and p53 are 2 main tumor suppressor genes which are linked to chromosome 17. Tumor suppressor p53 is necessary for maintenance of cellular genetic integrity by moderating cell fate through DNA repair versus cell death. C17orf103 is also related to neurofibromatosis, a disorder characterized by neural and epidermal lesions, and dysregulated Schwann cell growth.

Cleavage And Polyadenylation Specific Factor 4 (CPSF4) is a member of the CPSF4/YTH1 family. CPSF4 complex plays a vital role in pre-mRNA 3'-end formation, distinguishing the AAUAAA signal sequence and interacting with poly(A) polymerase and further factors to bring about cleavage and poly(A) additive. CPSF4 binds RNA polymers with a preference for poly(U).

HIF1A has a role as a master transcriptional monitor of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions HIF1A activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including, erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, and genes whose protein products increase oxygen release or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. HIF1A functions as an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease.

FKBP3 is part of a family of immunosuppressant receptors which inhibit T-cell proliferation by arresting two distinct cytoplasmic signal transmission pathways. FKBP3 accelerates the folding of proteins. FKBP3 is part of the immunophilin protein family, which participates in immunoregulation and fundamental cellular processes concerning protein folding and trafficking. FKBP3 is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase enzyme that binds the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin, as well as histone deacetylases, the transcription factor YY1, casein kinase II, and nucleolin. It has a greater affinity for rapamycin than for FK506 and therefore is a significant protein for immunosuppression by rapamycin.

TRAF1 is an adapter protein and signal transducer that connects members of the TNFR family to different signaling pathways by association with the receptor cytoplasmic domain and kinases. TRAF1 mediates activation of NF-kappa-B and JNK and participates in apoptosis. The TRAF1/TRAF2 complex recruits the apoptotic suppressors BIRC2 and BIRC3 to TNFRSF1B/TNFR2.

Cytokeratin 14 is a member of the keratin family, the most diverse group of intermediate filaments. Cytokeratin 14 is a type I keratin, is usually found as a heterotetramer with two keratin 5 molecules, a type II keratin. Together they form the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. Mutations in the genes for these keratins are associated with epidermolysis bullosa simplex. At least one pseudogene has been identified at 17p12-p11.