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ARL6 is a member of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins. ARL6 has a vital part in modulating membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal functions. Mutation in ARL6 is the source of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS3) which is a pleiotropic genetic disorder that causes obesity, photoreceptor degeneration, polydactyly, hypogenitalism, renal abnor-malities and developmental delay.

DNA/RNA-binding protein KIN17 (KIN17) is a nuclear protein which constructs intranuclear foci for the duration of proliferation and is reallocated in the nucleoplasm during the cell cycle. KIN17 is ubiqutiously expressed having the highest levels of expression in the muscle, heart and testis. SV40- altered fibroblasts overexpress KIN17, which interacts with Large T antigen and decreases T-antigen-dependent DNA replication.

Glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers consisting of a common alpha subunit and a unique beta subunit which confers biological specificity. CGB is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and is the beta 3 subunit of (CG). CG is produced by the trophoblastic cells of the placenta and stimulates the ovaries. The beta subunit of CG is encoded by 6 genes which are arranged in tandem and inverted pairs on chromosome 19q13.3 and contiguous with the luteinizing hormone beta subunit gene.

FKBP4 is part of the immunophilin protein family, which takes part in immunoregulation and necessary cellular processes concerning protein folding and trafficking. FKBP4 is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase that connects to the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin. FKBP4 has high structural and functional similarity to FKBP1A, though, FKBP4 does not have immunosuppressant activity when complexed with FK506. FKBP4 is known to connect with phytanoyl-CoA alpha-hydroxylase. FKBP4 associates with HSP90 & HSP70 thus takes part in the intracellular trafficking of hetero-oligomeric forms of the steroid hormone receptors. FKBP4 highly associates with adeno-associated virus type 2 vectors (AAV) resulting in a considerable increase in AAV-mediated transgene expression in human cell lines. FKBP4 is involved in the optimal use of AAV vectors in human gene therapy.

SPRY domain-containing SOCS box protein 1 (SPSB1) belongs to the SOCS box protein subfamily. SPSB1 includes a central SPRY domain and a C-terminal SOCS box. Even though, some of the SOCS protein subfamilies function as adaptors for a large family of ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligases to regulate certain signaling pathways, the function of the SSB subfamily remains to be determined. SPSB1 may have an imperative role in enhancing the HGF-induced Erk-Elk-1-SRE pathway. SPSB1 overexpression exhibited no effect on the basal level or epidermal growth factor-induced SRE-luciferase activity.

CDNF is a member of the ARMET family and acts as a trophic factor for neurons. CDNF inhibits the (6-OHDA)-induced degeneration of neurons. When CDNF controlled after 6-OHDA-lesioning, it reestablishes the function and inhibits the degeneration of neurons in substantia nigra. CDNF is universally expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. The highest levels in the brain are found in the optic nerve and corpus callosum.

HUS1 is a component of an evolutionarily conserved, genotoxin-activated checkpoint complex. HUS1 protein connects with Rad9 and Rad1 to form the 9-1-1(RAD9-RAD1-HUS1) complex, that confines to DNA lesions and promotes DNA damage signaling and repair or apoptosis, cell cycle arrest. The trimeric complex is structurally similar to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) sliding clamp and interacts with Rad17 as a clamp-clamp loader pair during the DNA damage response.

PDZ Domain Containing 11 (PDZD11) is a cytosolic protein which contains one PDZ (DHR) domain. PDZD11 displays a resemblance to members of the MALS / VELIS family of proteins. PDZD11 contains but one PDZ domain which seemingly interacts with the C-terminus of partner proteins. PDZD11 is ubiquitously expressed and targets calcium and copper ATPases to basolateral cell membranes. PDZD11 is a briefly interacting partner of the PMCA b-splice forms which have a role in their sorting to or from the plasma membrane.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as Monokine induced by MIG. CXCL9 is a T-cell chemoattractant. It is closely related to two other CXC chemokines called CXCL10 and CXCL11, whose genes are located near the gene for CXCL9 on human chromosome 4. CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 all elicit their chemotactic functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CXCR3.

CXCL14 is involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. BRAK protein is structurally related to the CXC (Cys-X-Cys) subfamily of cytokines. CXCL14 displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils or macrophages. CXCL14 is involved in the homeostasis of monocyte-derived macrophages.

VAMP4 belongs to the synaptobrevin family who are involved in docking and/or fusion of vesicles with cell membrane. VAMP4 is enriched in the trans-Golgi network and may be a factor in the trans-Golgi network-to-endosome transport. VAMP4 is involved in the pathway which functions to eliminate an inhibitor (most likely synaptotagmin-4) of calcium-triggered exocytosis during the maturation of secretory granules. Synaptobrevins, syntaxins, and SNAP25 are the chief components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane.

SUMO1 is a protein that belongs to the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) protein family. SUMO1 functions in a manner similar to ubiquitin in that it is bound to target proteins as part of a post-translational modification system. Still, unlike ubiquitin which targets proteins for degradation, SUMO1 is involved in a variety of cellular processes, for example nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and protein stability. SUMO1 is not active until the last four amino acids of the carboxy-terminus are cleaved off.

Odd-Skipped Related Transcription Factor 2, also know as OSR2 belongs to the Odd C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. OSR2 is a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila odd-skipped family of transcription factors.

Beta-casein precursor (CSN2) is a member of the beta-casein family. CSN2 has an imperative role in determination of the surface properties of the casein micelles. CSN2 is specific to mammary glands and is secreted in milk.

HLH (helix-loop-helix) proteins are a putative transcription factors family. Several HLH proteins take part in growth and development of an extensive range of tissues and species. NHLH1 functions as a DNA-binding protein and has a role in the regulation of cell-type determination in the developing nervous system.

GIPC1 is a PDZ domain protein that cooperates with RGS-GAIP and the viral oncoprotein TAX, which transactivates viral and cellular promoters throughout interactions with different transcription factors. GIPC1 particularly localizes to clusters of vesicles close to the plasma membrane and takes part in G protein-coupled signaling pathway participating in regulating Clathrin-coated vesicular trafficking. GIPC1 cooperates with membrane bound Semaphorin F, which is takes part in neuronal axon growth, and controls the subcellular distribution of M-SemF in the brain.

Melanoma Antigen Family B,10 also known as MAGEB10 is a member of the B subfamily of the melanoma associated antigen protein family. MAGEB10 is specifically expressed in testis and tumor cells. One of the diseases associated with MAGEB10 is melanoma.

Maltose Binding Protein is a member of the maltose/maltodextrin system of E.Coli, which is accountable for the uptake and efficient catabolism of maltodextrins. The maltose/maltodextrin is a complex regulatory and transport system involving many proteins and protein complexes.
MBP elevates the yield of its fusion partner in many cases and is often able to promote the solubility of polypeptides to which it is fused.

Transcription Elongation Factor A (SII)-Like 7 (TCEAL7) has a role in the negative regulation of NF-kappa-B signaling at the basal level by controlling transcriptional activity of NF-kappa-B on its target gene promoters. TCEAL7 links with cyclin D1 promoter containing Myc E-box sequence and transcriptionally inhibits cyclin D1 expression. TCEAL7 regulates telomerase reverse transcriptase expression and telomerase activity in both alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) and telomerase-positive cell lines. TCEAL7 is highly expressed in normal and fetal brain tissues, and weakly expressed in the uterus and ovary. TCEAL7 is down-regulated in epithelial ovarian, cervical, prostate, breast, brain and lung cancer cell lines and in the brain and ovarian tumors.

Dynein Axonemal Light Intermediate Chain1 also known as DNALI1 belongs to the inner dynein arm light chain family. DNALI1 take a dynamic role in flagellar motility. DNALI1 is the human homolog of the Chlamydomonas inner dynein arm gene, p28. The exactfunction of DNALI1 is not known yet, on the other hand, it is a potential candidate for immotile cilia syndrome. In addition it has been found that the following diseases: primary ciliary dyskinesia, and huntington's disease have been associated with DNALI1. Ultrastructural defects of the inner dynein arms are seen in patients with ICS. Immotile mutant strains ofChlamydomonas, biflagellated algae, show similar defects.

Sialic Acid Binding Ig Like Lectin 9 (SIGLEC9) is a member of the sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin family, which is a part of the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed mostly on human blood leukocytes. SIGLEC9 is a Putative adhesion molecule which is expressed in bone marrow, placenta, spleen, and fetal liver. SIGLEC9 is also a part of the recently characterized CD33-related Siglec family of sialic acid binding protein.

Synaptobrevin 2 which is an 18 kDa integral membrane protein localized to the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicle, consists of a proline-rich N-terminal region, a highly conserved hydrophilic domain, followed by a transmembrane anchor and a C-terminal. Synaptobrevin 2 is predominantly expressed in Langerhans islets and glomerular cells. The N-terminal domain of the protein (residues 1-89) forms a specific SNARE complex with the target membrane-associated t- or Q-SNAREs syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25.

The KCNMB3 belongs to a family of 4 auxiliary beta subunits found in the mammalian genome, which associate with Slo1 alpha subunits and regulate BK channel function. In humans, the KCNMB3 gene is comprised of 4 N-terminal alternative exons which produce 4 functionally distinct beta3 subunits, beta3a-d. Three variants, beta3a-c, display kinetically distinct inactivation behaviors.