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Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 13 (ANAPC13) is a component of the anaphase promoting complex, which is a large ubiquitin-protein ligase that controls cell cycle progression by regulating the degradation of cell cycle regulators such as B-type cyclins. The ANAPC13 protein is evolutionarily conserved and is essential for the integrity and ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase promoting complex.

Mouse SF20 is a bone marrow stroma-derived growth factor. SF20 is expressed in the bone marrow, spleen stroma cells, resting mononuclear cells, resting CD8+ and CD19+ cells and activated CD8+ T cells. SF20 has been shown to bind to the surface of cells expressing the receptor TSA-1 (Thymic shared Ag-1). Among SF20’s biological activities is stimulation of the proliferation of FDCP2 cells (a mouse factor-dependent hemopoietic cell line) and mouse lymphoid cells.

APOM is belongs to the lipocalin protein family and is associated with high density lipoproteins and to a lesser extent with low density lipoproteins and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. APOM is secreted through the plasma membrane but remains membrane-bound, where it takes part in lipid transport.

Norrie Disease (NDP) is a secreted regulatory protein which activates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway through FZD4 and LRP5 coreceptor. NDP takes part in retinal vascularization by acting as a ligand for FZD4 which signals through stabilizing beta-catenin (CTNNB1) and activating LEF/TCF-mediated transcriptional programs. NDP is involved in a pathway that regulates neural cell differentiation and proliferation and also in neuroectodermal cell-cell interaction.

Developmental Pluripotency Associated 3 (DPPA3) is a protein which in mice may serve as a maternal factor during the preimplantation stage of development. In mice, the DPPA3 protein has a role in transcriptional repression, cell division, and maintenance of cell pluripotentiality. In humans, related intronless loci are found on chromosomes 14 and X. DPPA3 is expressed in embryonic stem and carcinoma cells. DPPA3 has a low expression in the testis, ovary and thymus. DPPA3 is highly expressed in testicular germ cell tumors.

Ectodysplasin A Receptor, also known as EDAR belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. EDAR is a receptor for the soluble ligand ectodysplasin A, and is capable of activating the nuclear factor-kappaB, JNK, as well as caspase-independent cell death pathways. EDAR is necessary for the development of hair, teeth, and other ectodermal derivatives. Furthermore, mutations in EDAR resulted in autosomal dominant and recessive forms of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

ATP5H is a member of the ATPase d subunit family and encodes the d subunit of the F0 complex. Electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain create a proton gradient across the membrane which induces ATP5H to transform ADP to ATP. Two alternatively spliced isoforms of ATP5H, encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 17q25.1, are known. ATP5H is restricted to mitochondrial inner membrane.

SNRPD1 Human Recombinant produced in SF9 is a glycosylated, polypeptide chain having a calculated molecular mass of 16kDa.
SNRPD1 is expressed with a -6x His tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

BID accession number NP_001187 is a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein having only the BH3 domain. In reaction to apoptotic signaling, BID interacts with another Bcl-2 family of cell death regulators, called Bax, they form a heterodimer resulting to the insertion of Bax into the outer mitochondrial membrane. Bax induces the opening of the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel which lead to the release of cytochrome c and other pro-apoptotic factors from the mitochondria resulting in activation of caspases. BID is a mediator of mitochondrial damage induced by caspase-8 (CASP8). CASP8 cleaves BID, and the COOH-terminal part translocates to mitochondria where it triggers cytochrome c release. The major proteolytic product p15 BID releasea cytochrome c. Isoform 1, Isoform 2 and Isoform 4 induce ice-like proteases and apoptosis while Isoform 3 does not induce apoptosis.

Osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor isoform 6 or OSCAR, is a receptor for surfactant protein D that can be found on human myeloid cells. OSCAR is part of the TNF-α release from human CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes process. The protein is involved in antigen presentation and activation of dendritic cells. Preosteoclasts or mature osteoclasts express the OSCAR protein. Patients that suffer from RA (rheumatoid arthritis) has upregulations on monocytes which present increased proosteoclastogenic potential.

Fucosyltransferase 3 (FUT3) catalyzes alpha-1, 3 and alpha-1, 4 glycosidic linkages which take part in the expression of Vim-2, Lewis A, Lewis B, sialyl Lewis X and Lewis X/SSEA-1 antigens. FUT3 takes part in blood group Lewis determination; Lewis-positive (Le+) individuals have an active enzyme while Lewis-negative (Le-) individuals have an inactive enzyme. FUT3 also operates on the corresponding 1, 4-galactosyl derivative, creating1, 3-L-fucosyl links.

Toll interacting protein (TOLLIP) is an inhibitory adaptor protein within Toll-like receptors. The TLR pathway is a part of the innate immune system which recognizes structurally conserved molecular patterns of microbial pathogens, initiating an inflammatory immune response. Negative regulation of TLR signaling by TOLLIP might restrict the production of proinflammatory mediators during inflammation and infection. Furthermore, TOLLIP forms a complex with Tom1 to regulate endosomal transferring of ubiquitinated proteins.

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligandactivated transcription factors within the nuclear receptor superfamily, which play important roles in adipogenesis, glucose homeostasis andinflammation. Three different isotypes can be distinguished; alpha, beta and gamma. PPARg, is mainly expressed in adipose tissue and to lesser extent in colon, the immune system and the retina. Whereas PPARg operates in the catabolism of fatty acids in the liver, PPARg influences the storage of fatty acids in the adipose tissue and plays a role in adipocyte differentiation. PPARg binds to DNA as a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR), activating expression of target genes after binding ligand.

CD84 belongs to the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family which forms a subset of the greater CD2 cell-surface receptor Ig superfamily. CD84, a membrane glycoprotein, is a homophilic adhesion molecule found in various immune cells types and takes part in regulating receptor-mediated signaling in those cells.

TUBG1 belongs to the tubulin superfamily. TUBG1 localizes to the centrosome and binds to microtubules to create the gamma-tubulin ring complex. TUBG1 facilitates the microtubule nucleation and is essential for microtubule formation and progression of the cell cycle.

LPL is a lipoprotein lipase, which is expressed in the heart, muscle, and adipose tissue. LPL acts as a homodimer, and has the dual functions of triglyceride hydrolase and ligand/bridging factor for receptor-mediated lipoprotein uptake. Type I hyperlipoproteinemia is a result of severe mutations which cause LPL deficiency, whereas less extreme mutations in LPL are linked to many disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a fundamental enzyme in plasma triglyceride hydrolysis and is secreted by macrophages in the subendothelial space. LPL also promotes the development of atherosclerosis through facilitation of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, stimulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) secretion and induction of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Glycogen phosphorylase is one of the phosphorylaseenzymes(EC2.4.1.1). It breaks up glycogeninto glucosesubunits. Glycogenis left with one less glucosemolecule, and the free glucosemolecule is in the form of glucose-1-phosphate. In order to be used for metabolism, it must be converted to glucose-6-phosphateby the enzyme phosphoglucomutase.
Glycogen phosphorylase can only act on linearchainsof glycogen(a 1-4 glycosidic linkage). Its work will immediately come to a halt four residues away from a 1-6 branch(which are exceedingly common in glycogen). In these situations, a debranching enzymeis necessary, which will straighten out the chain in that area. Additionally, an alpha 1-6 glucosidaseenzymeis required to break the remaining 1-6 residue that remains in the new linear chain. After all this is done, glycogen phosphorylase can continue.
An insulinstimulated enzyme known as phosphoprotein phosphatase(PP-1) inactivates glycogen phosphorylase to prevent glycogen break up.
GPBB - a sensitive marker for the AMI diagnosis within 4 hours after the onset of chest pain. It has also been shown that GPBB is increased in a considerable proportion of AMI patients within 2-3 hours from chest pain onset. GPBB is increased early in patients with unstable angina. GPBB can also be a sensitive marker for the detection of peri-operative myocardial ischaemia and infarction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

MAEA is a 396aa widely expressed adhesion protein which has 5 alternatively spliced isoforms. MAEA holds one CTLH domain and one LisH domain. MAEA forms a complex with F-actin, which takes part in regulating actin distribution in erythroblasts and macrophages and is known to assist in cell division and nuclear architecture. MAEA is confined with condensed chromatin at prophase, nuclear spindle poles at metaphase and in the contractile ring throughout cytokinesis phase and telophase.

RAB1B belongs to the RAB protein family, these proteins are low molecular mass monomeric GTPases localized on the cytoplasmic surfaces of distinct membrane bound organelles. RAB1B protein functions in the early secretory pathway and is essential for vesicle transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi.

Endothelial cells express three different vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, belonging to the family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). They are named VEGFR-1 (Flt-1), VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1), VEGFR-3 (Flt-4). Their expression is almost exclusively restricted to endothelial cells, but VEGFR-1 can also be found on monocytes. All VEGF-receptors have seven immunoglobulin-like extracellular domains, a single transmembrane region and an intracellular split tyrosine kinase domain. VEGFR-2 has a lower affinity for VEGF than the Flt-1 receptor, but a higher signaling activity. Mitogenic activity in endothelial cells is mainly mediated by VEGFR-2 leading to their proliferation.
Differential splicing of the flt-1 gene leads to the formation of a secreted, soluble variant of VEGFR-1 (sVEGFR-1). No naturally occuring, secreted forms of VEGFR-2 have so far been reported. The binding of VEGF165 to VEGFR-2 is dependent on heparin.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is a small cytokine belongs to the CC chemokine family which is also known as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). MCP 1 is found at the site of tooth eruption and bone degradation. In the bone, CCL2 is expressed by mature osteoclasts. CCL2 recruits immune cells, such as monocytes, to sites of tissue injury and infection. MCP 1is produced as a protein precursor containing signal peptide of 23 amino acids and a mature peptide of 76 amino acids. As with many other CC chemokines, CCL2 is located on chromosome 17 in humans. The cell surface receptors that bind CCL2 are CCR2 and CCR5.

ACP1 is part of the phosphotyrosine protein. ACP1 functions as an acid phosphatase and a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) existing in all human tissues, including adipocytes. ACP1 enzyme hydrolyzes protein tyrosine phosphate to protein tyrosine and orthophosphate, and also orthophosphoric monoesters to alcohol and orthophosphate. ACP1 is present in adipocytes, thus playing a specific role in the regulation of adipose tissue. High levels of the ACP1 negatively regulate cell proliferation and growth of leiomyomas during dephosphorylation of the PDGF receptor. High significant differences in birth weight-placental weight relationships were observed among acid phosphatase locus 1 phenotypes.

PNPLA2 is an enzyme which catalyzes the first step in the hydrolysis of triglycerides in adipose tissue. Mutations in the PNPLA2 gene are linked to neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy.

SAR1B is a small GTPase that functions as a homodimer. GTP-Binding Protein SAR1B (SAR1b) is involved in transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and also in the selection of the protein cargo and the assembly of the COPII coat complex. The SAR1B protein is activated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor PREB. SAR1B gene defects are a cause of chylomicron retention disease (CMRD), also known as Anderson disease (ANDD).