Search results

Syndecan-4 is a type I integral membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), which was originally isolated from cloned rat microvascular endothelial cells as an antithrombin-binding molecule, and is now known to be a member of the syndecan family. Syndecan-4 binds to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), midkine, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor via its heparan sulfate chains, and is thought to be involved in various biologic functions such as signaling of bFGF, anticoagulation, and focal adhesion formation. A previous study demonstrated that syndecan-4 is expressed in various tissues, and its level of expression in the kidney is stronger than those of other syndecan family members. Thus, syndecan-4 is thought to play certain roles in maintaining renal function. Moreover, it has been reported that proteoglycans, especially sulfated proteoglycans, are involved in organogenesis of the kidney.

PCI Domain Containing 2 (PCID2) is expressed in immature and early-stage B lymphocytes and regulates the expression of mitotic checkpoint protein MAD2. PCID2 is a component of the TREX-2 complex, transcription and export complex 2, this complex functions in docking export-competent ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) to the nuclear entrance of the nuclear pore complex, nuclear basket.

Melanoma Antigen Family B,10 also known as MAGEB10 is a member of the B subfamily of the melanoma associated antigen protein family. MAGEB10 is specifically expressed in testis and tumor cells. One of the diseases associated with MAGEB10 is melanoma.

GPN-loop GTPase 1 (GPN1) is a member of the GPN-loop GTPase family. GPN1 is a guanosine triphosphatase enzyme which has a role in DNA repair and may function in activation of transcription. Small GTPases, which share a biochemical mechanism, act as binary molecular switches and function in the cell is nucleocytoplasmic transport of both proteins and RNA. In addition, GPN1 establishs an interface between the RNA polymerase II enzyme and chaperone/scaffolding protein, proposing that it is essential to connect RNA polymerase II to regulators of protein complex formation. GPN1 may also be involved in nuclear localization of XPA.

Human Fatty Epidermal Acid Binding Protein FABP also called FABP-5 is a 15 kD member of the intracellular fatty acid binding protein (FABP) family, which is known for the ability to bind fatty acids and related compounds ( bile acids or retinoids). In an internal cavity. The fatty acid binding proteins aP2 (fatty acid binding protein [FABP]-4) and mal1 (EFABP) are closely related and both are expressed in adipocytes. Absence of EFABP/mal1 resulted in increased systemic insulin sensitivity in two models of obesity and insulin resistance. Adipocytes isolated from mal1-deficient mice also exhibited enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose transport capacity. In contrast, mice expressing high levels of mal1 in adipose tissue display reduced systematic insulin activity.

Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein 2 (CRISP2) regulates some ion channels activity and thereby regulates calcium fluxes during sperm capacitation. Amongst its related pathways are p53 signaling. Diseases related with CRISP2 include epididymitis and orchitis.

PFN4 is a small actin-binding protein that participates in the dynamic turnover and restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton. PFN4 is localized in all eukaryotic organisms in the majority of cells. PFN4 is crucial for spatially and temporally controlled growth of actin microfilaments, which is a necessary process in cellular locomotion and cell shape changes.

Intracisternal A particle-promoted polypeptide (IPP) is a 66kDa protein (584 amino acids), which contains an N-terminal POZ protein-protein interaction domain and a C-terminal kelch repeat domain consisting of six tandem arranged repeats. The POZ domain (also called BTB domain) is present near the N-terminus of a fraction of zinc finger proteins and in protein that contain the pfam01344 motif such as kelch and pox virus proteins. The BTB/POZ domain mediates homomeric dimerization and in some instances heteromeric dimerization. POZ domains from several zinc finger proteins have been shown to mediate transcriptional repression and to interact with components of histone deacetylase co-repressor complexes including N-coR and SMRT.

KH homology domain containing 1-like, also known as KHDC1L is a member of the KHDC1 family.KHDC1L is a protein-coding gene; an important paralog of this gene is KHDC1.

KIT, also known as KIT Proto-Oncogene Receptor Tyrosine, is a cytokine receptor which is expressed not only in hematopoietic stem cells but likewise in other cell types. KIT binds to receptor tyrosine kinase type III, which is a stem cell factor, also named a "rigid factor" or "c-kit ligand". Once this receptor binds to stem cell factor (SCF), it forms a dimer which activates intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, which sequentially phosphorylates & activates signaling molecules which breed signals in cells. This receptor protects vascular smooth muscle cells from apoptosis in addition to restoring cardiac function after myocardial infarction.

TRIM21 is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. The 52 kDa Ro protein is part of the RoSSA ribonucleoprotein, which includes a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules. The RoSSA particle localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Ro/SSA interacts with autoantigens in patients with Sjogren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ribonucleoprotein particle is composed of a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules. The RoSSA is present in all mammalian cells studied but has no known function. At least 2 isoforms are present in nucleated and red blood cells, and tissue specific differences in Ro/SSA proteins were identified.

SEPT5 is a member of the septin gene family of nucleotide binding proteins which were initially defined in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are extremely conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse and seem to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Interference of septin function disrupts cytokinesis and results in high multinucleate or polyploid cells.

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1) is a member of the A/B subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). HNRNPA1 is involved in the packing of pre-mRNA into hnRNP particles, transport of poly(A) mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and may control splice site selection. The HNRNPA1 protein may also have a role in HCV RNA replication. In addition, HNRNPA1 is believed to have a key role in the formation of specific myometrial protein species in parturition.
The hnRNP proteins have distinctive nucleic acid binding properties. HNRNPA1 has 2 repeats of quasi-RRM domains that bind to RNAs. HNRNPA1 is one of the most copious core proteins of hnRNP complexes and it is restricted to the nucleoplasm. The HNRNPA1 protein, along with other hnRNP proteins, is exported from the nucleus, most likely bound to mRNA, and is immediately re-imported. The M9 domain of HNRNPA1 functions as both a nuclear localization and nuclear export signal.

SH3-domain GRB2-like 2 (SH3GL2) is a member of the endophilin family. SH3GL2 contains a BAR domain and a SH3 domain. Members of the BAR domain protein superfamily are crucial elements of cellular traffic. Endophilins have a major function in synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE), receptor trafficking and apoptosis, and in other processes which require remodeling of the membrane structure. SH3GL2 is a novel tumor suppressor gene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), which induces apoptosis of tumor cells by regulating intra-cellular signal transduction networks. SH3GL2 is implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. SH3GL2 is found in the brain, mainly in frontal cortex, and at high level in the fetal cerebellum.

MAPRE1 (EB1) is a member of the intermediate/early gene family. MAPRE1 was first identified by its binding to the APC protein, which is often mutated in familial and sporadic, forms of colorectal cancer. MAPRE1 localizes to microtubules, especially the growing ends, in interphase cells. During mitosis, MAPRE1 is associated with the centrosomes and spindle microtubules. MAPRE1 is involved in microtubule polymerization, and spindle function by stabilizing microtubules and anchoring them at centrosomes.

CRP is an acute phase protein that correlates with inflammatory disease and is synthesized by hepatocytes during the acute phase response by certain cytokines (IL-1 and TNF Alpha and Beta). CRP levels increase dramatically (up to 1,000 fold) and serve as a useful marker of inflammation in such conditions as bacterial infection, rheumatoid arthritis, viral infections, transplantation rejection, meningitis, myocardial infarction, septicemia, osteomyelitis and others. CRP is also highly correlated to Serum Amyloid A levels.

PDIA4 is an endoplasmic reticulum luminal protein that is a stress protein as well as a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family of proteins. PDIA4 participates in the catalysis of protein-S-S-bond rearrangement. PDIA4 and PDIA3 function as proteases, protein disulfide isomerases, phospholipases or an arrangement of these.

Tumor Suppressor Candidate 2, also known as TUSC2, is a part of the TUSC2 family. TUSC2 protein functions as a tumor suppressor, inhibiting colony formation, causing G1 arrest and eventually inducing apoptosis in homozygous 3p21.3 120-kb region-deficient cells.

C3d is derived from human C3 after a series of proteolytic cleavages.C3d is prepared from purified human C3. The C3 is converted to C3b by treatment with the natural human C3 convertase and this C3b is converted to iC3b. Finally, this iC3b is cleaved with trypsin to yield C3d.If the C3b precursor was attached to a surface (as occurs during complement activation) the iC3b, C3dg and C3d fragments would remain covalently attached to that surface.C3d is able to attach to a surfaceonly during complement activation on a surface. Surface-bound C3d is linked to the target through an ester or an amide covalent bond. Ester bonds are unstable, thusC3d releasesfrom the particle.

SH3 and Cysteine Rich Domain, which is also known as STAC, holds one phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc finger and one SH3 domain. STAC takes part in a neuron-specific signal transduction.

Decorin (DCN) is a small cellular or pericellular matrix proteoglycan which is closely related in structure to biglycan protein. Decorin is a secreted protein which binds to collagen and fibronectin in extracellular matrix. Decorin appears in different glycoforms, substituted with chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate consistent with the original tissue. DCN contains one attached glycosaminoglycan chain. Decorin influences the rate of fibril formation. Decorin is capable of suppressing the growth of various tumor cell lines. DCN gene defects cause corneal dystrophy. The DCN gene is a candidate gene for Marfan syndrome.

NACA belongs to the nascent polypeptide associated complex (NAC) alpha subunit family which takes part in inhibiting unsuitable targeting of non-secretory polypeptides to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). NACA proteins are usually restricted to the nucleus and cytoplasm and hold NAC-A/B (NAC-alpha/beta) and UBA (ubiquitin-associated) domains. The UBA domain is related to proteins which takes part in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for protein degradation.