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T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1B, also known as TCL1B is a member of the TCL1 family. TCL1B is expressed in a variety of tissues as well as the placenta and testis. Moreover, TCL1B enhances the phosphorylation and activation of AKT1 and AKT2.

RAB7A belongs to the Ras superfamily of small Rab GTPases. RAB7A connects with the RIPL effector protein to regulator membrane trafficking from early to late endosome and to lysosomes. RAB7A can also regulate growth receptor endocytic trafficking, degradation, maturation of phagosome and autophagic vacuoles.

RAB5A is a member of RAS oncogene family. The small GTPase, RAB5A is a crucial regulatory component of the endocytic pathway. Activation of RAB5A is mediated by GDP-GTP exchange factors (GEFs) that generate the Rab5-GTP complex). RAB5A is required for the fusion of plasma membranes and early endosomes.

C-JUN is a gene which, in combination with c-Fos, forms the AP-1early response transcription factor. C-JUN is activated by the JNKpathway. C-JUN is the putative transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus 17. C-JUN is a protein which is highly similar to the viral protein, and which interacts directly with specific target DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. The C-JUN gene is intronless and is mapped to 1p32-p31, a chromosomal region involved in both translocations and deletions in human malignancies.

RAB6A is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. RAB6A may be involved in protein transport. RAB6A is a regulator of membrane traffic from the Golgi apparatus towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and has a low GTPase activity.

C-JUN is a gene which, in combination with c-Fos, forms the AP-1early response transcription factor. C-JUN is activated by the JNKpathway. C-JUN is the putative transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus 17. C-JUN is a protein which is highly similar to the viral protein, and which interacts directly with specific target DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. The C-JUN gene is intronless and is mapped to 1p32-p31, a chromosomal region involved in both translocations and deletions in human malignancies.

Von Willebrand Factor A Domain Containing 2 (VWA2) is an extracellular matrix protein containing vWA-like domains. VWA2 contains a signal peptide sequence, an N-terminal VWA domain connected to 2 additional tandem vWA domains by a cysteine-rich sequence and an EGF-like domain. Also, another EGF-like domain is located at the C-terminus. Expression of VWA2 is induced in stage II, III and IV colon cancers and colon adenomas and is considered a novel serum marker for the diagnosis of early-stage colon cancer.

RAB4A is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. RAB4A interacts with STX4, RAB11FIP1, RABEP1, CD2AP and KIF3B. In addition, Rab4 is involved in the translocation of glucose transporter (Glu4) in adipocytes. Rab4 overexpression causes a redistribution of receptors on plasma membrane versus endocytic compartments.

RAB27B is a member of the RAB family and is an important regulator of vesicular transport. RAB27B is expressed in pituitary tissue, but is more extensively expressed in brain and spleen. RAB27B may be functionally redundant to Rab27a, as it can salvage Rab27a mutants.

Rab2B is a member of the small GTPase superfamily, whose members are nontransforming monomeric GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily and contain 4 highly conserved regions involved in GTP binding and hydrolysis. Rab proteins are prenylated, membrane-bound proteins engaged in vesicular fusion and trafficking.

RHOC is a small signaling G protein/GTPase which is part of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases. RHOC rotats between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and has a role as a molecular switch in signal transduction cascades. RHOC promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulates cell shape, attachment, and motility.

RHOQ (rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoQ) is a small signaling G protein which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. In the active state it binds to a diversity of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Ras-like protein belongs to the Rac subfamily of the Rho family of GTPases. RHOQ is involved in epithelial cell polarization processes. In addition, RHOQ plays a role in CFTR trafficking to the plasma membrane. RHOQ causes the formation of thin, actin-rich surface projections called filopodia.

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor also called LIF is a lymphoid factor that promotes long-term maintenance of embryonic stem cells by suppressing spontaneous differentiation. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor has several functions such as cholinergic neuron differentiation, control of stem cell pluripotency, bone & fat metabolism, mitogenesis of factor dependent cell lines & promotion of megakaryocyte production in vivo. Human and mouse LIF exhibit a 78% identity in its amino acid sequence.

RHOV belongs to the Rho family and to the small GTPase superfamily. RHOV is a 236 aa protein which regulates the actin cytoskeleton by activating the JNK pathway. RHOV is expressed in placenta, pancreas and fetal brain and operates as a lipid anchor at the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane.

IFN-gamma produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens.
IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions, it is a potent activator of macrophages, and has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I IFNs.

PIM1, which is a part of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family and PIM subfamily, is expressed primarily in B-lymphoid and myeloid cell lines, and is overexpressed in hematopoietic malignancies and in prostate cancer. PIM1 functions as Proto-oncogene with serine/threonine kinase activity involved in cell survival and cell proliferation, consequently providing a selective advantage in tumorigenesis. Both human and orthologous mouse genes have been reported to encode two isoforms resulting from the use of alternative in-frame translation initiation codons, the upstream non-AUG (CUG) and downstream AUG codons.

Ras-related protein M-Ras (MRAS) is a member of the RAS superfamily. These family members are membrane-anchored, intracellular signal transducers in charge of various normal cellular functions. They are oncogenically stimulated in a substantial fraction of tumors. MRAS serves as a significant signal transducer for novel upstream stimuli in controlling cell proliferation.

Rho-related GTP-binding protein (RhoD) is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. The small GTPase Rho D promotes the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and cell surface and also regulates endosome motility and distribution.

Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted or RANTES is an 8 kDa protein classified as a chemotactic cytokine or chemokine. It has recently been renamed CCL5. RANTES is chemotactic for T cells, eosinophils and basophils and plays an active role in recruiting leukocytes into inflammatory sites. With the help of particular cytokines (i.e. IL-2 and IFN-?) that are released by T cells, RANTES also induces the proliferation and activation of certain natural killer (NK) cells to form CHAK (CC-Chemokine-activated killer) cells. It is also a HIV-suppressive factor released from CD8+ T cells. This chemokine has been localized to chromosome 17 in humans.

Recombinant Human Sonic Hedgehog is part of a small group of secreted proteins that are vital for development in both vertebrates and invertebrates. 3 mammalian hedgehog genes (sonic, desert, Indian) share about 60% homology. The Human Sonic Hedgehog is 99% homologous to the mouse gene. Sonic HedgeHog is a protein that is vital in guding the early embryo. It has been associated as the major inductive signal in patterning of the ventral neural tube, the anterior-posterior limb axis, and the ventral somites. Sonic HedgeHog binds to the patched receptor, which functions in association with smoothened, to activate the transcription of target genes. In the absence of sonic HedgeHog, patched receptor represses the constitutive signaling activity of smoothened. Sonic HedgeHog also regulates another factor, the gli oncogene. Sonic HedgeHog intercellular signal is essential for a various patterning events during development: signal produced by the notochord that induces ventral cell fate in the neural tube and somites, and the polarizing signal for patterning of the anterior-posterior axis of the developing limb bud. Sonic HedgeHog exhibits both floor plate- and motor neuron-inducing activity. Mutations in a long-range Sonic HedgeHog enhancer located in an intron of the limb region 1 gene result in preaxial polydactyly.