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RAN Binding Protein 3, also known as RANBP3, is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm. RANBP3 which owns RanBD1 domain participates in nuclear export as part of a heteromeric complex. RANBP3 is also negatively regulates TGF-beta signaling by interacting with the R-SMAD proteins, SMAD2 and SMAD3.

IFNI30 inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (IFI30), is a part of the GILT family. IFI30 is a lysosomal thiol reductase which at low pH is capable of decreasing protein’s disulfide bonds. IFI30 is expressed constitutively in antigen-presenting cells and induced by gamma-IFN in other cell types. Also, IFI30 plays an important role in MHC class II-restricted antigen processing. IFI30 facilitates the generation of MHC class II-restricted epitopes from disulfide bond-containing antigen by the endocytic reduction of disulfide bonds and Also facilitates MHC class I-restricted recognition of exogenous antigens containing disulfide bonds by CD8+ T-cells or cross-presentation.

IL11 is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines. These cytokines drive the assembly of multisubunit receptor complexes, all of which contain at least one molecule of the transmembrane signaling receptor IL6ST (gp130). IL-11 is shown to stimulate the T-cell-dependent development of immunoglobulin-producing B cells. It is also found to support the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells.

Borrelia is a part of the genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum. Borrelia causes borreliosis, which is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted mainly by ticks and some by lice, depending on the species. Of the 36 known species of Borrelia, 12 are distinguished to cause Lyme disease or borreliosis and are transmitted by ticks. The main Borrelia species causing Lyme disease are Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii. Borreliella garinii DbpA demonstrates the typical lipid anchor and decorin/glycoaminoglycon binding properties of a DbpA protein.

IL-31 produced by activated Th2-type T cells, cooperates with a heterodimeric receptor consisting of IL-31 Receptor Anatagonist and Onconstatin-M Receptor that is continuesly expressed on epithelial cells and keratinocytes. IL-31 plays a role in the promotion of allergic skin disorders and in regulating other allergic diseases, such as asthma. IL-31 is involved in the itching sensation and endorses the scratching behavior in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis. IL-31 expression is connectd with CLA(+) T cells and contributes to the development of atopic dermatitis-induced skin inflammation and pruritus. IL-31 is a powerful inducer of proinflammatory mediators in human colonic SEMFs. IL-31 takes part as a proinflammatory cytokine derived from Th2 cells.
Serum IL-31 level is higher in patients with atopic dermatitis. IL-31 is involved in a broad range of immune- & non-immune cells & possesses potential pleiotropic physiological functions, including regulating hematopoiesis & immune response, causing inflammatory bowel disease, airway hypersensitivity & dermatitis.

CD18 (ITGB2 or integrin beta-2) is a receptor for ICAM1, ICAM2, ICAM3 and ICAM4. CD18 may be a member of an extended family of cell surface molecules including the fibronectin binding protein. In addition, CD18 is a complement receptor type 3 (CR3). CD18 triggers neutrophil transmigration during lung injury through PTK2B/PYK2-mediated activation.

Delta-Like4 or DLL4 is implicated in the Notch signaling transduction as Notch ligand. DLL4 down regulates endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenic sprouting. DLL4 is crucial for retinal progenitor proliferation &furthermore required for suppressing rod fates in late retinal progenitors & for proper generation of other retinal cell types. Also, at some stages in the spinal cord neurogenesis, DLL4 inhibits V2a interneuron fate.

Simian immunodeficiency virus, SIV, is a retrovirusthat is found in strains, having the HIV-1and HIV-2specific strains that infect humans. SIV strains may cause an AIDS-like immune deficiency known as SAIDS (simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) if they cross species boundaries. HIV-2 is more similar to SIV strains than to HIV-1, suggesting for the first time the simian origin of HIV. HIV-2 is derived from the SIV strain found in sooty mangabeys whereas HIV-1, the predominant virus found in humans, is derived from SIV strains infecting chimpanzees.

MBP is a major component of the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system, although, MBP-related transcripts are also present in the bone marrow and the immune system. These mRNAs emerge from the long MBP gene which holds three additional exons located upstream of the classic MBP exons. The Golli mRNAs contain three exons unique to Golli-MBP, spliced in-frame to one or more MBP exons. The second family of transcripts contains only MBP exons and produces the well characterized myelin basic proteins. MBP transcription unit is an essential part of the Golli transcription unit and the arrangement is important for the function and/or regulation of these genes.

Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein (CD90) is a cell membrane protein which contains one lg-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. CD90 protein belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion molecules with constitutive expression on fibroblast cells. CD90 protein is involved in cell adhesion and cell communication in numerous cell types, predominantly in cells of the immune and nervous systems. CD90 may also have a role in cell-cell or cell-ligand interactions during synaptogenesis and other events in the brain. CD90 can be used as a marker for various stem cells and for the axonal processes of mature neurons. CD90 may serve as a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

ACADL is a homotetramer belonging to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. ACADL takes part in the catabolism of fatty acids and amino acids and is a key source of energy for the heart and skeletal muscle. Mutation in the ACADL gene results in non-ketotic hypoglycemia and hypotonia (muscle weakness).

Signal-regulatory protein beta-1 isoform 1 or SIRPB1, is an immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor which is a part of the SIRP superfamily. SIRPB1 is a cell membrane receptor that takes part in the negative regulation of tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling pathway. SIRPB1 is engaged in the activation of tyrosine kinase SYK, SIRP alpha molecules (activates SHP-1 and SHP-2 protein tyrosine phosphatases), etc.

BCL2 gene encodes an integral outer mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks the apoptotic death of some cells such as lymphocytes. Constitutive expression of BCL2, such as in the case of translocation of BCL2 to Ig heavy chain locus, is thought to be the cause of follicular lymphoma. Two transcript variants, produced by alternate splicing, differ in their C-terminal ends.

Natriuretic Peptide Precursor B acts as a cardiac hormone with a variety of biological actions including natriuresis, diuresis, vasorelaxation, and inhibition of renin and aldosterone secretion. It is thought to play a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Helps restore the body's salt and water balance. Improves heart function.

Fibrinogen silencer-binding protein (FSBP), interacts with X11alpha. The X11alpha/FSBP complex send signals to the nucleus in order to repress glycogen synthase kinase-3beta promoter activity. X11alpha is a neuronal adaptor protein that interacts with the amyloid precursor protein (APP) via a centrally located phosphotyrosine binding domain to inhibit the production of Abeta peptide that is deposited in Alzheimer's diseased brains.

CD300A belongs to the CD300 family and contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. The protein is expressed not only by natural killer (NK) cells but also by T-cell subsets, B-cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, granulocytes and monocytes. CD300A is inhibitory receptor which may contribute to the down-regulation of cytolytic activity in natural killer (NK) cells, and to the down-regulation of mast cell degranulation.

The La protein is a 47 kDa polypeptide that frequently acts as an autoantigen in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome patients. La is involved in various aspects of RNA metabolism, including binding and protecting 3-prime UUU(OH) elements of newly RNA polymerase III - transcribed RNA, processing 5-prime and 3-prime ends of pre-tRNA precursors, acting as an RNA chaperone, and binding viral RNAs linked to hepatitis C virus. It occurs in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, where it assumes different roles. In the nucleus, La protein facilitates the production of tRNAs, acting as an RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) transcription factor by attaching to the U-rich 3'UTR of nascent transcripts, aiding in their folding and maturation. In the cytoplasm, La protein facilitates the translation of specific mRNAs, acting as a translation factor. As an RNA binding protein (RBP), La protein associates with subsets of mRNAs which contain a 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine (5'TOP) motif known to direct protein synthesis. The binding of La protein to particular classes of RNA molecules regulates their downstream processing, guards them from endonuclease digestion, and organizes their export from the nucleus. La/SS-B appears to be readily disposed to proteolysis, which results in many smaller (42kD, 320, and 270) nevertheless still immunoreactive polypeptides. La/SS-B antigen is strongly conserved across species. Anti-La/SS-B autoantibodies were originally found as precipitating autoantibodies in sera of Sjogren's Syndrome patients and referred to as SjT. Anti-La/SS-B precipitins are most frequently found in Sjogren's Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Subacute Cutaneous Lupus. Also, there seems to be a correlation between anti-La/SS-B and the absence of nephritis in SLE patients.

Growth Hormone Binding Protein or GHR, is a protein, part of the cytokine receptor superfamily. GHR binds to 2 receptors, therefore it enhances signal transduction via dimerization of receptors. In elevated levels, growth hormone operates as an antagonist due to high variance in the binding sites affinities. The antagonist operation can be embellished even more when the binding site is reduced its affinity.

Leucine Rich Repeats And Immunoglobulin Like Domains 1 or LRIG1 is a protein, acting as is a pan-negative regulator of EGFR signal transduction. When studied along with ErbB proteins and Met kinase, LRIG1 was found to have regulation activities such as ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation increment of the receptors. Therefore, LRIG1 acts as a suppressor for tumors via cell proliferation control via negative regulation of tyrosine kinase receptors that belongs to the EGF protein family. LRIG1 expression is downregulated in cancer, and acts a prognostic tool for cancer development.

UL16 Binding Protein 4 (ULBP4) is a member of the RAET1 family, which is comprised of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related genes located in a cluster on chromosome 6q24.2-q25.3. ULBP4 functions as a ligand for the NKG2D receptor on the surface of NK cells. ULBP4 binding to the receptor induces expansion of anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocytes. ULBP4 is expressed mainly in the skin, but also in the testis or trachea. ULBP4 is upregulated in different tumors. ULBP4 doesn’t interact with the CMV glycoprotein UL16. ULBP4 is also a ligand for the KLRK1 receptor. ULBP4 distributes activating signals to NK cells and stimulates tumor immune surveillance by inducing the expansion of anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocytes.

RAD1 is part of a heterotrimeric cell cycle checkpoint complex, recognized as the 9-1-1 complex, that is activated to stop cell cycle progression in reaction to DNA damage or incomplete DNA replication. RAD1 complex withholds the Rad9 and Hus1 proteins and takes part in cellular responses to DNA damage, by associating with Rad17 and several components of the PCNA-loading heteropentamer, replication factor C. RAD1 takes part in DNA repair and recruited to DNA lesion upon damage by the RAD17-replication factor C (RFC) clamp loader complex. RAD1 takes part as a sliding clamp platform on DNA for several proteins that play a role in long-patch base excision repair (LP-BER). RAD1 complex stimulates DNA polymerase beta (POLB) activity by raising its affinity for the 3''-OH end of the primer-template and stabilizes POLB to those sites where LP-BER proceeds.

Mesoderm development candidate 2 (MESDC2) is required for formation of the primitive streak and mesoderm during embryogenesis. MESDC2 binds to the Wnt co-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 in the endoplasmic reticulum and is required for their proper folding and cell surface expression.

Adenosine deaminase-like protein (ADAL) is a putative nucleoside deaminase. ADAL catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine or some similar substrate and has a role in purine metabolism.