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CUB Domain Containing Protein 1, also known as CDCP1 is a transmembrane protein which contains three extracellular CUB domains. CDCP1 is implicated in cell adhesion and cell matrix association. In addition, CDCP1 takes part in the regulation of anchorage versus migration or proliferation versus differentiation through its phosphorylation. CDCP1 is also a novel marker for leukemia diagnosis as well as for immature hematopoietic stem cell subsets. Furthermore, the extracellular region of human CDCP1 shares amino acid identity sequence with the mouse CDCP1.

RERG is a 199 amino acid protein which localizes in the cytoplasm and is a member of the Ras subfamily of small GTPases. RERG is expressed in the pancreas, liver, skin, lung, brain, kidney and heart tissue. RERG is a vital mediator of diverse cell signaling pathways, including those leading to cell proliferation, cytoskeletal organization and secretion.

ECHS1 is part of the hydratase/isomerase superfamily. ECHS1 is localized in the mitochondrial matrix and Expressed in muscle, liver and fibroblasts, with low expression in kidney and spleen, ECHS1 exists as a homohexamer that takes part in the second phase of the mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation pathway.

Cystatins are a superfamily of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in both plants and animals. They comprise a group of proteinase inhibitors, widely distributed in tissues and body fluids, and form tight complexes with cysteine proteases such as cathepsin B, H, L and S. Cystatin C, a secreted molecule of this family, is of interest from biochemical, medicine and evolutionary points of view. Cystatin C, with molecular weight of 13260 Da, is composed of 120 amino acids, lacks carbohydrate and has two disulfide bridges located near the carboxyl terminus. Cystatin C is increased in patients with malignant diseases, and is related to the insufficiency of renal function and appears to be a better marker than creatinine. On the other hand, low levels of cystatin C involve cause the breakdown of the elastic laminae and, subsequently, the atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm.

CAB39 protein and STE20-related adaptor-alpha pseudo kinase, form a regulatory complex that is able of stimulating the activity of the LKB1 tumor suppressor protein kinase. CAB39 takes part as a scaffolding component of the STK11/STRAD complex and regulates STK11 activity and cellular localization.

CD5 antigen-like (CD5L) participates in the regulation of the immune system. CD5L functions as an inhibitor of apoptosis. CD5L is expressed in the spleen, lymph node, thymus and bone marrow.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 7 (CEACAM7) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, CEA family. CEACAM7 contains 1 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain and 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. CEACAM7 is intensely down-regulated in colonic adenocarcinomas.

Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 1 (UBLCP1) dephosphorylates 26S nuclear proteasomes, thereby decreasing their proteolytic activity. The dephosphorylation averts assembly of the core and regulatory particles (CP and RP) into mature 26S proteasome.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). It is found at the site of tooth eruption and bone degradation. In the bone, CCL2 is expressed by mature osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is under the control of nuclear factor ?B (NF?B). CCL2 recruits immune cells, such as monocytes, to sites of tissue injury and infection. This chemokine is produced as a protein precursor containing signal peptide of 23 amino acids and a mature peptide of 76 amino acids. It is a monomeric polypeptide, with a molecular weight of approximately 13kDa. As with many other CC chemokines, CCL2 is located on chromosome 17 in humans. The cell surface receptors that bind CCL2 are CCR2 and CCR5.

RCN1 is a calcium-binding protein which binds calcium and controls calcium-dependent activities in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen or post-ER compartment. RCN1 withholds six conserved regions with similarity to a high affinity Ca(+2)-binding motif, the EF-hand.
High conservation of amino acid residues outside of these motifs, in relation to mouse reticulocalbin, is consistent with a biochemical function further to that of calcium binding. In human endothelial and prostate cancer cell lines RCN1 protein is localized to the plasma membrane.

TBCA is a tubulin-folding protein which is involved in the early step of the tubulin folding pathway. TBCA is one of four proteins (cofactors A, D, E, and C) implicated in the pathway directing to properly folded beta-tubulin from folding intermediates. Cofactors A and D are thought to be a factor in capturing and stabilizing beta-tubulin in a quasi-native confirmation. TBCA is crucial for cell viability, if reduced it causes a decrease in the amount of soluble tubulin, alterations in microtubules and G1 cell cycle arrest. Cofactor E attaches to the cofactor D-tubulin complex, afterward, interaction with cofactor C triggers the release of tubulin polypeptides that are committed to the native state.

Methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB) from Escherichia coli is a member of the msrB Met sulfoxide reductase family. The E.coli msrB carries out the reduction of methionine-R-sulfoxide to methionine. msrB possess a metal binding site composed of 2 CXXC motifs. The bound metal (zinc or iron) may stabilize the conformation of the enzymes.

Mature T-Cell Proliferation 1, also known as MTCP1 was recognized by involvement in some t(X;14) translocations linked with mature T-cellproliferations. This region has a complex gene structure, with a common promoter and 5' exon spliced to two dissimilar sets of 3' exons which encode two different proteins. It represents the upstream 13 kDa protein which belongs to the TCL1 family. In addition, MTCP1 enhances the phosphorylation and activation of AKT1 and AKT2. MTCP1 is involved in leukemogenesis.Among the diseases associated with MTCP1 are queensland tick typhus, and african tick-bite fever.

Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C, member5 (SDR16C5) is active in the oxidative direction as well as in the reductive one. SDR16C5 oxidizes all-trans-retinol in all-trans-retinaldehyde. No activity was detected with 11-cis-retinol or 11-cis-retinaldehyde as substrates with either NAD+/NADH or NADP+/NADPH.

Homeobox C11 (HOXC11) is a member of the Abd-B homeobox family. The homeobox genes encode well conservedfamily of transcription factors that play a vital role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. HOXC11is one of numerous homeobox HOXC genes placed in a cluster on chromosome 12. HOXC11 attaches to a promoterelement of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase. HOXC11 also takes part in early intestinal development. An alternativelyspliced variant encoding a shorter isoform has been defined however, its full-length nature has not been determined.

DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 6 (DGCR6) shares homology with the Drosophila melanogaster gonadal protein, that participates in gonadal and germ cell development, and also with the gamma-1 subunit of human laminin. DGCR6 is involved in DiGeorge syndrome pathology and in schizophrenia.

Sarcoglycan Delta (SGCD) is one of the four known components of the sarcoglycan complex, which is a subcomplex of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) and is expressed mainly in skeletal and cardiac muscle. DGC forms a link between the F-actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. SGCD protein’s mutations have been associated with autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy. SGCD gene expression is regulated by MITF In melanocytic cells.

Endothelin-2 is a Hypoxia-induced Autocrine Survival Factor for Breast Tumor Cells. The synthesis of EDN2 by human kidney carcinoma cells is decreased by EGF. EDN2 is a chemoattractant for macrophages and THP-1 monocytic cells. Chemotaxis towards EDN2 is via the MAPK pathway: p44 and p42 are phosphorylated when THP-1 cells are stimulated with EDN2. Migration to EDN2 is inhibited by hypoxia and by pertussis toxin. EDN2 leads to activation of macrophages. EDN2 shares a similar peptide sequence with chemokines and may signal via a similar receptor and MAPK-mediated pathway. Furthermore, EDN2 expression by tumors may modulate the behavior of macrophages such that activated cells accumulate in areas of hypoxia.

EFNA3 belongs to the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related receptors include thelargest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases which have been implicated in mediating developmental events, especially in the nervous system and in erythropoiesis. Ephrins are divided into the ephrin-A (EFNA) class and the ephrin-B (EFNB) class, based on their structures and sequence relationships. The Ephrins from the EFNA class are anchored to the membrane by aglycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, while the others from the EFNB class are transmembrane proteins.

Superoxide dismutase Mn (soda) belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. SodA destroys radicals that are typically produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. SodA works by catalyzing the dismutation of the superoxide radical O2- to O2 and H2O2, which are then metabolized to H2O and O2 by catalase and glutathione peroxidase.

CD43 is a key sialoglycoprotein located in the surface of T lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, thymocytes and some B lymphocytes. CD43 is a part of a physiologic ligand-receptor complex which participates in T-cell activation. Throughout T-cell activation, CD43 is actively taken out from the T-cell-APC (antigen-presenting cell) contact site, signifying CD43 has a negative regulatory role in adaptive immune response.

Beta-lactamase is a type of enzyme (EC 3.5.2.6) produced by some bacteria that is responsible for their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins and carbapenems. These antibiotics have a common element in their molecular structure: a four-atom ring known as a beta-lactam. The lactamase enzyme breaks that ring open, deactivating the molecule's antibacterial properties.

Recombinant Human Lipocalin-2 also called Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) belongs to a family of lipocans which include 25 proteins (including a1-microglobulin and b-lactoglobulin), which are characterized by their ability to bind small lipophilic substances in their hydrophobic core.
They thereby serve as transporters of substances like retinal, biliverdins & prostaglandins. There are indications that NGAL is involved in modulation of the inflammatory response and is found in the plasma of patients after stroke.

GLC8 is a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (Glc7p). GLC8 plays a role in glycogen metabolism and chromosome segregation, and regulates Glc7p activity through conformational alteration; ortholog of the mammalian protein phosphatase inhibitor 2. Under regular conditions, GLC8 triggers GLC7, but when GLC8 is over epxressed, it inhibits Glc7p function. GLC8 is activated upon phosphoylation by Pho85p complexed with four cyclins (Pcl6p, Pcl7p, Pcl8p, or Pcl10p).