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NRP1 is a coreceptor bound on membranes to tyrosine kinase receptors for semaphorin family proteins and endothelial growth factors, it is a type one transmembrane protein. Neuropilin-1 takes part in cell survival, angiogenesis, invasion, migration, and axon guidance. the protein is a potential target for cancer therapies as it interacts with VEGF (co-receptor).

Calbindin 1 (CALB1) is a calcium binding protein that is a member of the troponin C superfamily. CALB1 plays a vital role in calcium regulation (including calcium transport and uptake, calcification of bone and teeth) and calcium associated signaling in neurons and transiently in embryological development. CALB1 also has a role in protecting neurons from apoptotic cell death. CALB1 buffers cytosolic calcium and may stimulate a membrane Ca2+-ATPase and a 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. The biological function of CALB1 seems to be tied to the redox state of its five cysteine residues.
CALB1 has 4 active calcium-binding domains, and 2 modified domains that seemingly have lost their calcium-binding ability. CALB1 is expressed in neural tissues. In the brain, the CALB1 synthesis is independent of vitamin-D-derived hormones.
Disregulation of the CALB1 is associated with epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease. The neurons in brains of Huntington disease patients are calbindin-depleted.

MAPRE2 (RP1 or EB2) is an evolutionarily conserved protein, which associates with the tips of growing microtubules, and regulates microtubule dynamics and their interactions with intracellular structures. The EB proteins regulate microtubule function through CLIP proteins. MAPRE2 shares noteworthy homology to the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein-binding EB1 gene family. MAPRE2 is necessary for spindle symmetry during mitosis. MAPRE2 is believed to have a role in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancers and the proliferative control of normal cells.

VCAM1 is a member of the Ig superfamily. It is a cell surface sialoglycoprotein expressed by cytokine activated endothelium. VCAM-1 contains 6 or 7 immunoglobulin domains, and is expressed on both large and small vessels only after the endothelial cells are stimulated by cytokines. The protein has a number of functions including the regulation of leukocyte migration, leukocyte endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction and may play a role in a number of inflammatory diseases (artherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis).

C3b is derived from native C3 upon cleavage with the alternative pathway C3 convertase and release of C3a.Native human C3b is a glycosylated polypeptide chain having2 disulfide-linked chains. C3b is essential to the function of all 3complement pathways.Initiation of each pathway generates proteolytic enzyme complexes (C3 convertases) which binds the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C3 releasing the anaphylatoxin C3a and activating C3b. Most of the C3b created during complement activation. Surface-bound C3b is needed in all 3 pathways for effective activation of C5 and formation of C5b-9 complexes which lyse the target cell membrane. Surface-bound C3b and its breakdown products iC3b and C3d are identifyid by various receptors on lymphoid and phagocytic cells which use the C3b ligand to stimulate antigen presentation to cells of the adaptive immune system. It results in an expansion of target-specific B-cell and T-cell populations.

CCL28 is part of the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. CCL28 shows chemotactic activity for resting CD4 or CD8 T cells and eosinophils. CCL28 binds to chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10. CCL28 is involved in the physiology of extracutaneous epithelial tissues, including diverse mucosal organs. CCL28 mediates mucosal immunity in HIV exposure and infection. CCL28 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
Human CCL28 cDNA encodes a 127 amino acid residue precursor protein with a putative 22 amino acid residue signal peptide that is cleaved to produce the 105 amino acid residue mature protein. Human and mouse CCL28 are highly conserved, sharing 83% amino acid identity in their mature regions. CCL28 shares the most homology with CCL27/CTACK. Human and mouse CCL28 RNA expression was found to be highest in normal and pathologic colon with the protein being expressed by epithelial cells. Human CCL28 RNA was also present in normal and asthmatic lung tissues.

RAD51 family members are evolutionarily conserved proteins vital for DNA repair by homologous recombination. RAD51B is a part of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51B is involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks occurring during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. RAD51B forms a stable heterodimer with the family member RAD51C, which interacts with the other family members, such as RAD51, XRCC2, and XRCC3. Overexpression of RAD51B leads to cell cycle G1 delay and cell apoptosis.

S100A11 is a member of the S100 family of proteins which contains two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs and is thought to be involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes including cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100A11 may function in motility, invasion and tubulin polymerisation. S100 proteins are localized either in the cytoplasm or the nucleus of a wide range of cells. There are at least 13 members in the S100 gene family, which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of S100A11 have been implicated in tumor metastasis.

POU5F1 is a homeodomain transcription factor of the POU family, expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells and embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells.POU5F1 is significantly involved in the signaling pathway for maintaining self-renewal and pluripotency of ES cells. POU5F1 has 2 distinct DNA binding domains which independently bind half-sites of the canonical octamer motif. This flexibility allows POU5F1 to bind with distinct DNA motifs by forming heterodimers with other transcription factors or by forming homodimers in several conformations. Human POU5F1 contains a 75aa POU specific (POUS) domain and a 60aa POU-Homeo-(POUH) domain connected by a linker region. The Human POU5F1 specifically interacts with Octamer motif ATGCAAAT. In addition, 2 proline-rich domains in the N-terminal and C-terminal regions are vital for POU5F1 transactivation. POU5F1 regulates a number of target genes and has been shown to work jointly with other transcription factors including Sox2 as well as Nanog to sustain stem cell potency and self-renewal.

Zinc Finger HIT-Type Containing 3 (ZNHIT3) which contains one HIT-type zinc finger, requires the presence of thyroid hormone for its interaction. Thyroid receptor interacting proteins particularly interact with the ligand binding domain of the thyroid receptor (TR).

Mycobacterium antigen ESAT6 has been isolated from low molecular weight fractions of the shot-term-culture filtrate (ST-CF) and it can easily be detected in tuberculosis patients. The export of ESAT-6 which is a potent T-cell antigen, and related proteins requires a dedicated secretory apparatus that is encoded by a group of genes, several of which also code for proteins that are recognized strongly by T cells. The ESAT-6 systems can consequently be considered as immunogenicity islands and there is mounting evidence that the equivalent genes are subject to selective pressure imposed by the immune system of the host. This antigen includes many epitopes detectable in the serum of most patients with tuberculosis (more than 90%). By the attempts to obtain the vaccine on the basis of ESAT-6 it was demonstrated that the optimization of adjuvant is very important when using the combination of dioctadecylammonium bromide and monophosphoryllipide. ESAT-6 is very potential as diagnostic for differentiation between the mycobacterial infection and BCG vaccination. The main topic in ESAT-6 using is in antibody production and in test-systems for tuberculosis elaboration. Early secretory antigen 6 (ESAT6) and cell filtrate protein 10 (CFP10) are 2 antigens secreted as a complex by the replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC).

RHOV belongs to the Rho family and to the small GTPase superfamily. RHOV is a 236 aa protein which regulates the actin cytoskeleton by activating the JNK pathway. RHOV is expressed in placenta, pancreas and fetal brain and operates as a lipid anchor at the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane.

C4BP has a flower shaped structure with each alpha chain radiating out from a central core. The arms are linked by disulfide bonds in the centre and the ends of each arm bind C4b. C4BP acts as a cofactor allowing factor I to split and permanently inactivate C4b. C4b binding protein modulates complement activation of the classical and lectin pathways. C4BP binds to C4b and accelerates the dissociation of C2a from the C3/C5 convertase C4b,C2a. This inactivates the central enzyme of both pathways. Studies have shown that on surfaces densely coated with C4b, C4BP can bind up to four C4b molecules simultaneously.

Relaxin-3 (RLN3) belongs to the relaxin family. Relaxins are endocrine and autocrine/paracrine hormones. Relaxin, which is produced by the ovary, targets the mammalian reproductive system to ripen the cervix, elongate the pubic symphysis and inhibit uterine contraction. Unlike human Relaxins 1 and 2, Relaxin 3 does not seem to have a role in reproduction; however it is involved in stress response in the brain stem. RLN3 is the only known ligand for the G-protein-coupled receptor GPCR135, titled RXFP3. In addition, RLN3 binds the LGR7 (RXFP1) receptor, however with lower affinity than Relaxin-2. Even though binding of RLN3 to LGR7 increases intracellular cAMP, binding to GPCR135 suppresses cAMP accumulation, indicating coupling to Gi, Go, or Gz by this receptor.

A human infecting coronavirus (viral pneumonia) called 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV was found in the fish market at the city of Wuhan, Hubei province of China on December 2019.

The 2019-nCoV shares an 87% identity to the 2 bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome 2018 SARS-CoV-2 located in Zhoushan of eastern China. 2019-nCoV has an analogous receptor-BD-structure to that of 2018 SARS-CoV, even though there is a.a. diversity so thus the 2019-nCoV might bind to ACE2 receptor protein (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) in humans.

While bats are possibly the host of 2019-nCoV, researchers suspect that animal from the ocean sold at the seafood market was an intermediate host. RSCU analysis proposes that the 2019-nCoV is a recombinant within the viral spike glycoprotein between the bat coronavirus and an unknown coronavirus.

Bromodomain Containing 2, also known as BRD2 is a transcriptional regulator which is a member of the BET, bromodomains and extra terminaldomain, family of roteins. BRD2 links with transcription complexes and it acetylated chromatin in the course of mitosis, and it selectively binds o the acetylated lysine-12 residue of histone H4 through its two romodomains. BRD2 maps to the major histocompatability complex MHC) class II region on chromosome 6p21.3, however sequencecomparison advocate that the protein is not implicated in the immune response. BRD2 has been implicated injuvenile myoclonic epilepsy, a common form of epilepsy which grows to be visible in adolescence.

TRAF-interacting protein with FHA domain-containing protein A (TIFA) is an adapter protein that mediates the IRAK1 and TRAF6 interaction following IL-1 stimulation, triggering the downstream activation of NF-kappa-B and AP-1 pathways. The TIFA protein stimulates the oligomerization and polyubiquitination of TRAF6, leading to the activation of TAK1 and IKK through a proteasome-independent mechanism.

DBR1 is an RNA lariat debranching enzyme which hydrolyzes 2'-5' prime branched phosphodiester bonds. The encoded protein specifically targets the bonds at the branch point of eliminated lariat intron RNA, transforming them to linear molecules which are then degraded. Additionally, DBR1 takes part in retroviral replication.

ARL5A is a member of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins. ARFs are vital in eukaryotic vesicular trafficking pathways and have a crucial part in the activation of phospholipase D. Different from ARF family members, ARL5 is believed to lack ADP-ribosylation enhancing activity. ARL5A is developmentally regulated and has a role in nuclear dynamics and signaling cascades during embryonic development.

OLR1 is a type II membrane protein which belongs to the C-type lectin family and performs as a cell-surface receptor for Ox-LDL. Ox-LDL has a part in early ather-osclerosis, which includes the transformation of monocyte-derived macro-phages to foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, OLR1 protein triggers the activation of the NF?B signal transduction pathway.

Protein Phosphatase 1, Regulatory Subunit 8 (PPP1R8) is the RNA-binding subunit of a key species of protein phosphatase-1 in the nucleus. The PPP1R8 enzyme is an inhibitor subunit of the main nuclear protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1). PPP1R8 has RNA-binding activity however it doesn’t cleave RNA and may target PP-1 to RNA-associated substrates. Two isoforms of the PPP1R8 protein are specific inhibitors of type 1 serine/threonine protein phosphatases which can bind but not cleave RNA. The third isoform of the PPP1R8 protein is deficient in of the phosphatase inhibitory activity nonetheless it is a single-strand endoribonuclease comparable to RNase E of E. coli.

Cytotoxic and Regulatory T Cell Molecule, also known as CRTAM belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily which complies with the structural characteristics of the JAM family and is phylogenetically more closely related to nectin-like proteins. CRTAM is implicated in epithelial cell adhesion. Furthermore, CRTAM interacts with CADM1 as well as promotes natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity.

Galectin 3, or LGALS3, is a protein which belongs to the animal lectins family, that binds betagalactoside residues selectively. LGALS3 is originated and leaves cells through ectocytosis. The protein is capable of inhibition apoptosis and the development of cancer. Galectin 3 is found in epithelial tissues in organisms, it can be located in dendritic cells, Kupffer cells, macrophages etc. LGALS3 levels elevated when inflammation is generating, cell proliferation, trans-activation by viral proteins and cell differentiation.

CXCL14 is involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. BRAK protein is structurally related to the CXC (Cys-X-Cys) subfamily of cytokines. CXCL14 displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils or macrophages. CXCL14 is involved in the homeostasis of monocyte-derived macrophages.