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Fibroblast Growth Factor 17 (FGF17) belongs to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members have broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in various biological processes including embryonic development cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. The FGF17 gene is highly expressed in the cerebellum and cortex. The mouse homolog of the FGF17 gene is localized to specific sites in the midline structures of the forebrain, the midbrain-hindbrain junction, developing skeleton and developing arteries, suggesting a role in central nervous system, bone and vascular development.

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a ligand molecule which induces apoptosis. It is a type II transmembrane protein with homology to other members of the tumor necrosis factor family.
In humans, the gene that encodes for TRAIL is located at chromosome 3q26.
TRAIL binds to the death receptors, DR4 and DR5. The process of apoptosis is caspase-8-dependent. This protein preferentially induces apoptosis in transformed and tumor cells, but does not appear to kill normal cells although it is expressed at a significant level in most normal tissues.

COMM Domain Containing 7 (COMMD7) composed of 200 amino acid which contains 1 COMM domain. COMMD7 interacts (through COMM domain) with COMMD1 via its COMM domain.COMMD7 also associates with the NF-kappa-B complex and suppresses its transcriptional activity. COMMD7 is highly expressed in lung.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 (UBE2J2) is a member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UBE2J2 catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. UBE2J2 is located in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. UBE2J2 participates in the selective degradation of misfolded membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ERAD).

Crk-like protein (CRKL) is a protein kinase containing SH2 and SH3 (src homology) domains which activates the RAS and JUN kinase signaling pathways and transforms fibroblasts in a RAS-dependent manner. CRKL is a substitute of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, it also has a role in fibroblast transformation by BCR-ABL, and has oncogenic potential.

UBE2E3 or Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E3 is part of the E2 ubiquitinconjugating enzyme family. UBE2E3 is needed for the destruction of mitotic cyclins and for cell cycle progression. The ubiquitination process covalently attaches to a short protein of 76 amino acids called ubiquitin, to a lysine residue on the target protein. When a protein has been tagged with one ubiquitin molecule, other rounds of ubiquitination form a polyubiquitin chain that is recognized by the proteasome's 19S regulatory particle, triggering the ATP-dependent unfolding of the target protein which grants passage into the proteasome's 20S core particle, where proteases degrade the target into short peptide fragments for recycling by the cell.

EPGN is an EGF-related polypeptide growth factor that signals through the ErbB receptor-1. EPGN is produced in numerous tissues, including the testis, liver, heart and in certain tumor cells. EPGN is mitogenic for fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Human EPGN is originally synthesized as a glycosylated 14.7 kDa transmembrane precursor protein, which is processed by proteolytic cleavage to produce a mature soluble sequence.

BAK1 is a member of the BCL2 protein family. The BCL2 family members form oligomers or heterodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators which are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. The BAK1 gene encodes a receptor-like kinase (RLK) with a putative extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, an intracellular-juxtamembrane domain, and a kinase domain. BAK1 localizes to mitochondria, and functions to induce apoptosis. BAK1 interacts with and accelerates the opening of the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel, leading to a loss in membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c. Furthermore, BAK1 interacts with the tumor suppressor P53 after exposure to cell stress. BAK1 expression is linked to the progression of Prostate cancer.

Ras-related protein Ral-A (RALA) is a member of the small GTPase superfamily, Ras family of proteins. RALA mediates a distinct downstream signaling pathway from Ras which facilitates cellular transformation. Furthermore, RALA is thought to be involved in various signaling cascades, including regulation of the cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, and endocytosis.

V-Set Domain Containing T Cell Activation Inhibitor 1, also known as VCTN1, is part of the B7 costimulatory protein family. Proteins in this family are located on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and interact with ligand bound to receptors on the surface of T cells. High level of the encoded protein has been associated with tumor progression. VCTN1 also takes part in promoting epithelial cell transformation.

VPS25 contains the ESCRT-II complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), that is needed for sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs and multivesicular body (MVB) formation. The MVB pathway facilitates transport of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. The ESCRT-II complex takes part in the recruitment of the ESCRT-III complex which is involved in transcription regulation, probably through its collaboration with ELL.

FGF12 is part of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family which has a vast mitogenic and cell survival functions, and play a role in a range of biological activities, among them are embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth, and invasion. FGF-12 doesn’t obtain the N-terminal signal sequence present in the majority of the FGF family members, but it contains clusters of basic residues that act as a nuclear localization signal. When transfected into mammalian cells, FGF12 accumulated in the nucleus, but was not secreted. FGF12 is involved in nervous system development and function. FGF12 binds to IB2 (islet brain-2), a cellular kinase scaffold, and voltage gated sodium channels and is also involved in intracellular signalling and ion exchange.

KH Domain RNA Binding also known as QKI is a RNA-binding protein which regulates pre-mRNA splicing, export of mRNAs from the nucleus, protein translation, and mRNA stability. QKI is involved inmyelinization and oligodendrocyte differentiation, and it may play a role in schizophrenia. Defects or deletions in the QKI are linked with astrocytic tumors and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Among the diseases associated with QKI are 6q terminal deletion syndrome, and schizophrenia.

HRASLS3 is a tumor suppressor that takes part in dependent cell death. HRASLS3 is part of the class II tumor suppressor gene family and is involved in the regulation of differentiation and survival. HRASLS3 protein is expressed in a number of human tumors including ovarian carcinomas, lung carcinomas.

Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 (ATG10) is a 220 amino acid protein which localizes to the cytoplasm and has a role in autophagy, specifically acting as an E2-like enzyme providing Atg recognition sites during autophagosome synthesis. ATG10 functions as an E2-like enzyme which catalyzes the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5, which is required for autophagy. In addition, ATG10 interacts with ATG12 in human embryonic kidney cells in the presence of ATG7. ATG10 probably serves as an ATG5-recognition molecule. Furthermore, ATG10 has a role in adenovirus-mediated cell lysis.

Canopy FGF Signaling Regulator 4 (CNPY4) is a part of the canopy family which owns one saposin B-type domain. CNPY4 takes part in the regulation process of the cell surface expression of TLR4.

Mediator Complex Subunit 20 (MED20) is a subunit of the Mediator complex, which is a multiprotein coactivator of RNA transcription that interacts with DNA-bound transcriptional activators, RNA polymerase II, and general initiation factors. The Mediator functions as a link to transmit information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription apparatus. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and functions as a scaffold for the compilation of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors.

Neuronal Regeneration Related Protein (NREP) has roles in neural function. NREP promotes axonal regeneration. In addition, NREP has functions in cellular differentiation. NREP protein induces differentiation of fibroblast into myofibroblast and increases retinoic-acid regulation of lipid-droplet biogenesis. NREP down-regulates the expression of TGFB1 and TGFB2 but not of TGFB3. NREP has a role in the regulation of alveolar generation.

MX2 is a member of 2 protein families: the dynamin family and the large GTPases family. MX2 has a cytoplasmic and nuclear structure which is found in a granular pattern in the heterochromatin region under the nuclear envelope. The nuclear form has a NLS (nuclear localization signal) at the amino terminal end however it is missing in the cytoplasmic form as a result of the use of a different translation start codon. MX2 is upregulated by IFN-a, but unlike myxovirus resistance protein 1 has no antiviral activity.

Meis Homeobox 3, also known as MEIS3 is a member of the TALE/MEIS homeobox family. MEIS3 contains 1 homeobox DNA-binding domain. In addition, MEIS3 is over expressed in the Brain - Amygdala , Uterus , Brain - Anterior cingulate cortex and Brain – Cortex.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 (FGF14) belongs to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members have broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a various biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. FGF14 gene mutation is linked with autosomal dominant cerebral ataxia.

PHPT1 is a member of the Janus protein familyand is 125 amino acid long. PHPT1 appears as a monomer in the cytoplasm and is an EDTA-insensitive phosphohistidine phosphatase. Overexpression of PHPT1 resolts in specific phosphohistidine phosphatase activity towards phosphopeptide I, with no activity detected towards phosphotyrosine, phosphothreonine and phosphoserine peptides.

His tag peptide also called polyhistidine-tag is chain of amino acids that are attached to proteins and consist of at least six histidine (6xHis, Hexa Histidine) residues, often at the N- or C-terminus of the protein. Polyhistidine-tags are used for affinity purification of genetically engineered proteins.

Geminin is a 25 kDa nuclear protein, which inhibits DNA replication and is degraded during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Geminin controls replication by binding to the licensing factor Cdt1, and is involved in neural differentiation. In addition, Geminin directly interacts with Six3 and Hox homeodomain proteins during embryogenesis and inhibits their functions. Geminin can also promote DNA replication. Geminin has 2 roles in 2 different stages of the cell cycle: Geminin is a negative regulator of DNA replication during the “S phase” of the cell cycle. Inhibition of Geminin during the “S phase” (by RNAi) results in an additional round of replication of portions of the genome. During the “M phase” of the cell cycle (mitosis) Geminin stabilizes the replication factor Cdt1 promoting DNA replication during the next cell cycle. Moreover, inhibition of Geminin during mitosis (by RNAi) causes destabilization of Cdt1 protein and impairment of DNA replication during the next cell cycle. G