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TNNT2 is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of the troponin complex, which is situated on the thin filament of striated muscles and regulates muscle contraction in response to alterations in intracellular calcium ion concentration. Mutations in TNNT2 gene are related with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as well as with dilated cardiomyopathy. TNNT2 mutation takes part in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Chromgranin-A is part of the neuroendocrine secretory protein family. CHGA is located in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. Chromgranin-A is a precursor to three biologically active peptides; vasostatin, pancreastatin, and parastatin. These peptides act as autocrine or paracrine negative modulators of the neuroendocrine system. Other peptides, including chromostatin, beta-granin, WE-14 and GE-25, are also derived from the full-length protein. Chromgranin-A has numerous biological activities on some tissues and organs and exerts a large spectrum of homeostatic actions, including antifungal and antimicrobial effect, modulation of cell adhesion, and inhibition of parathyroid hormone secretion.

The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a well ordered structure composed of two complexes- a 20S core and a 19S regulator. PSMD11 is a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of four rings of 28 non-identical subunits; two rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and two rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base that contains six ATPase subunits and two non-ATPase subunits, and a lid that contains up to ten non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are spread throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An indispensable function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides.

Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 (HBG2), is a member of the globin family. HBG2 belongs to the fetal hemoglobin subunit, which comprised of two alpha chains organized with 2 gamma chains. HBG2 Amplified fetal hemoglobin production in adults and improve the clinical severity of sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia major.

ANXA6 is part of the family of calcium-dependent membrane and phospholipid binding proteins. ANXA6 mediats the endosome aggregation and vesicle fusion in secreting epithelia during exocytosis. ANXA6 correlates with CD21. ANXA6 regulates the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. ANXA6 is differentially expressed in the lumbar spinal cord from rats submitted to peripheral lesion during neonatal period.

Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT or Tau) is a protein that stabilizes microtubules. MAPT is abundant in neurons in the central nervous system and is less common elsewhere. When MAPT is defective, and no longer stabilizes microtubules properly, it can result in dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease.

Thymosin is a hormone secreted from the thymus. Its primary function is to stimulate the production of T cells, which are an important part of the immune system. Thymosin also assists in the development of B cells to plasma cells to produce antibodies. The predominant form of thymosin, thymosin b4, is a member of a highly conserved family of actin monomer-sequestering proteins. b-thymosins are the primary regulators of unpolymerized actin, and are essential for maintaining the small cytoplasmic pool of free G-actin monomers required for rapid filament elongation and allowing for the flux of monomers between the thymosin-bound pool and F-actin.

Annexin A10 (ANXA10) is a member of the annexin family of calcium-binding proteins that contains a few members which are described by a conserved core domain that binds phospholipids in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and a unique amino-terminal region, which may convene binding specificity. The ANXA10 protein contains 4 annexin domains and might be required in the regulation of cellular growth and signal transduction pathways throughout the cell.

ATPase Transporting, Lysosomal V1 Subunit F (ATP6V1F) is a component of vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase); it is a multi-subunit enzyme, which mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is required for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. V-ATPase is comprised of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. The V1 domain contains 3 A and 3 B subunits, 2 G subunits as well as the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. The V1 domain has the ATP catalytic site. The V0 domain consists of 5 different subunits: a, c, c', c', and d.

Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) is a proteoglycan secreted by endothelial cells (mostly in the human lung and kidney tissues) and its mRNA expression is regulated by inflammatory cytokines. ESM1 has potent implications in lung endothelial cell-leukocyte interactions. In addition, ESM1 expression is detected in various epithelia and in adipocytes. ESM1 is involved in angiogenesis and it also promotes angiogenic sprouting. ESM1 expression is upregulated by TNF alpha, IL1 beta, or lipopolysaccharide and downregulated by IFN gamma. Genetically engineered cells overexpressing ESM1 induce tumor formation, implying that ESM1 might be involved in the pathophysiology of tumor growth in vivo.

Fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20) belongs to the FGF gene family and member of FGF-9 subfamily (based upon its structure). Human FGF20 has several receptors which include FGF R1c, FGF R2c, FGF R3b, FGF R3c and FGF R4. FGF20 is expressed a various cells, including dopaminergic neurons, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and breast epithelium, and numerous sites in the fetus.

Placenta-Specific 8 (PLAC8) is a member of the cornifelin family. The PLAC8 protein is expressed at high levels in the plasmacytoid dendritic cells, spleen, lymph nodes, peripheral blood leukocytes, and bone marrow.

COMM Domain Containing (COMMD6) which is a part of the NF-kappa-B -inhibiting proteins, contains one COMM domain. COMMD6 down-regulates the activation of NF-kappa-B and inhibits TNF-induced NFKB1 activation.

Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 33 (TTC33) is comprised of 3 TPR repeats.

Albumin is synthesized in the liver as preproalbumin which has an N-terminal peptide that is removed before the nascent protein is released from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The product, proalbumin, is in turn cleaved in the Golgi vesicles to produce the secreted albumin. Albumin is a soluble, monomeric protein which comprises about one-half of the blood serum protein. Albumin functions primarily as a carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and plays a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume. Mutations in this gene on chromosome 4 result in various anomalous proteins. Albumin is a globular unglycosylated serum protein of molecular weight 65,000. The human albumin gene is 16,961 nucleotides long from the putative 'cap' site to the first poly (A) addition site. It is split into 15 exons which are symmetrically placed within the 3 domains that are thought to have arisen by triplication of a single primordial domain.
HSA is widely used to stabilize blood volume generally from donors but the fear of contamination such as HIV & Hepatitis has enticed great interest in the recombinant form which is identical to the natural blood.

Thymopentin, also known as TP-5, is a synthetic pentapeptide which is the active site of the naturally occurring hormone thymopoietin with immunomodulating properties (corresponding to the amino acids 32-36 of thymopoietin). Thymopentin enhances the production of thymic T cells and may help restore immunocompetence in immunosuppressed subjects. This agent also augments the effects of ionizing radiation by arresting cancer cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.

"Epiregulin is part of the EGF family. Epiregulin functions as a ligand of EGFR, as well as a ligand of most members of the ERBB (v-erb-b2 oncogene homolog) family of tyrosine-kinase receptors.Epiregulin is expressed mostly in the placenta and peripheral blood leukocytes and in specific carcinomas of the bladder, lung, kidney and colon. Epiregulin stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Epiregulin inhibits the growth of several tumor-derived epithelial cell lines. Human Epiregulin is initially synthesized as a glycosylated 19.0 kDa transmembrane precursor protein, which is processed by proteolytic cleavage to produce a 6.0 kDa mature secreted sequence."

Fc Fragment Of IgA Receptor, also known as FCAR, is part of the multichain immune recognition receptor family which is the most abundant immunoglobulin in mucosal areas however it is only the second most common antibody isotype in serum. FCAR participates in both pro-and anti-inflammatory responses depending on the state of IgA bound. FCAR is also a vital Fc receptor for neutrophil killing of tumor cells. Once FCAR expressing neutrophils interact with IgA-opsonized tumor cells, the neutrophils not only show antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, but also release the cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β which cause increased neutrophil migration to the site.

Fibrinogen gamma chain isoform gamma-A (FGG) is the gamma component of fibrinogen, which is a blood-borne glycoprotein, comprised of 3 pairs of nonidentical polypeptide chains. FGG along with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen beta (FGB) polymerizes to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Following vascular injury, FGG is cleaved by thrombin to create fibrin, which is the most abundant component of blood clots. FGG functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization. Moreover, different cleavage products of fibrinogen and fibrin regulate cell adhesion and spreading, exhibit vasoconstrictor and chemotactic activities, and are mitogens for a number of cell types. Maternal fibrinogen is vital for successful pregnancy. FGG gene mutations lead to some disorders, including dysfibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia and thrombophilia. Fibrin accumulation is also linked with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage.

ITGB4 (integrin beta-4 isoform 1) belongs to the Integrin beta family. ITGB4 forms noncovalent heterodimers with Integrin alpha 6 and takes part in the formation of epithelial hemidesmosomes. ITGB4 has a vital structural role in the hemidesmosome of epithelial cells and is needed for the regulation of keratinocyte motility & polarity. ITGB4 leans towards the association with alpha 6 subunit and is expected to take a key role in the biology of invasive carcinoma.

Pen a 1.0101 is a Tropomyosin and the only major allergen in brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus. The panallergen is highly conserved and soluble muscle protein. Pen a 1.0101 is has an alpha-helical homodimeric, coiled-coil structure.

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is a zinc metallopeptidase vital for blood pressure control and salt and water metabolism.ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by release of the terminal His-Leu which causes the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin to increase.ACE inactivates bradykinin, a potent vasodilator and has also a glycosidase activity which releases GPI-anchored proteins from the membrane by cleaving the mannose linkage in the GPI moiety.