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LIMD2 is a protein-coding gene which holds one LIM zinc-binding domain. LIMD2 is related to illnesses such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer.

SERF2 (small EDRK-rich factor 2) is a member of the SERF family. SERF2 is a protein-coding gene. Among the diseases associated with SERF2 are spinal muscular atrophy, and muscular atrophy.

Epidermal growth factor has a profound effect on the differentiation of specific cells in vivo and is a potent mitogenic factor for a variety of cultured cells of both ectodermal and mesodermal origin. The EGF precursor is believed to exist as a membrane-bound molecule which is proteolytically cleaved to generate the 53-amino acid peptide hormone that stimulates cells to divide.
EGF stimulates the growth of various epidermal and epithelial tissues in vivo and in vitro and of some fibroblasts in cell culture.

Adipocyte plasma membrane-associated protein, also known as APMAP, is a member of the strictosidine synthase family. APMAP exhibits strong arylesterase activity with beta-naphthyl acetate in addition to phenyl acetate and takes part in adipocyte differentiation.

TEN1 is part of a complex that binds to single-stranded DNA and is necessary in order to protect telomeres from DNA degradation (CST complex). The CST complex binds single-stranded DNA with high affinity in a sequence-independent mode, while isolated subunits bind DNA with low affinity by themselves. Further to telomere protection, the CST complex has most likely a more general part in DNA metabolism at non-telomeric sites.

SMNDC1 is a vital splicing factor obligatory for spliceosome assembly which is a part of the SMN family. SMNDC1 has one Tudor domain with significant similarity to Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) and is expressed in heart, pancreas and skeletal muscle, localizing to Cajal bodies and nuclear speckles. Mutations in SMNDC1 are cause of autosomal recessive proximal spinal muscular atrophy.

PAIP2 has a role as a repressor in the regulation of translation initiation of poly(A)-containing mRNAs. PAIP2 inhibitory activity on translation is mediated through its action on PABPC1. PAIP2 displaces the interaction of PABPC1 with poly(A) RNA and competes with PAIP1 for binding to PABPC1. PAIP2 association with PABPC1 results in disruption of the cytoplasmic poly(A) RNP structure organization.

Transcription elongation factor A protein-like 1 (TCEAL1) is a member of the transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like (TCEAL) family, which may function as nuclear phosphoproteins that modulate transcription in a promoter context-dependent manner. TCEAL1 is involved in transcriptional regulation. TCEAL1 is expressed in all tissues, especially highly expressed in the heart, ovary, prostate and skeletal muscle.

Adhesion Molecule with Ig-Like Domain 2, also known as AMIGO2 is a member of the leucine-rich repeat family. AMIGO2 arbitrates homophilic in addition to heterophilic cell-cell interaction with AMIGO1 or AMIGO3. Furthermore, AMIGO2 contributes to signal transduction via its intracellular domain and is also essential for tumorigenesis of a subset of gastric adenocarcinomas.

Meis Homeobox 3, also known as MEIS3 is a member of the TALE/MEIS homeobox family. MEIS3 contains 1 homeobox DNA-binding domain. In addition, MEIS3 is over expressed in the Brain - Amygdala , Uterus , Brain - Anterior cingulate cortex and Brain – Cortex.

GADD45G is part of the nuclear proteins to interact with various proteins whose transcript levels are raised after stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. GADD45G reacts to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway which is mediated through their protein binding and activating MTK1/MEKK4 kinase, which is an upstream activator of both p38 and JNK MAPKs. GADD45G acts as a new-age tumor suppressor however is being frequently inactivated epigenetically in multiple tumors. GADD45G mRNA expression is down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma. GADD45G causes cell cycle arrest at G2/M transition when transfected into Hep-G2 cells. GADD45 Gamma induction by androgens involves new protein synthesis. Overexpression of GADD45 Gamma inhibits cell growth and causes morphological modifications in prostate cell lines thus GADD45 gamma takes part in differentiation induction by androgens.

Neuronal Regeneration Related Protein (NREP) has roles in neural function. NREP promotes axonal regeneration. In addition, NREP has functions in cellular differentiation. NREP protein induces differentiation of fibroblast into myofibroblast and increases retinoic-acid regulation of lipid-droplet biogenesis. NREP down-regulates the expression of TGFB1 and TGFB2 but not of TGFB3. NREP has a role in the regulation of alveolar generation.

p59-Fyn is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. p59fyn is a membrane-associated non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that belongs to the Src-family of kinases. p59-Fyn encodes a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase which is implicated in the control of cell growth. p59-Fyn associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. The unique N-terminal domain of p59fyn interacts with the CD3 and eta chains of the TcR. p59fyn can bind other proteins (p82 and p116) through its SH2 and SH3 domains, which may act as substrates or regulators of fyn activity. p59fyn is highly expressed in brain suggesting that it may have a role in the sensory nervous network and in myelination at early stages of CNS formation. Distinct isoforms exist due to alternative splicing.

MANF is a 20kDa protein which belongs to the ARMET family. MANF was originally known as an arginine-rich region protein which was extremely mutated in a large number of tumors. MANF Expression is induced during ER stress, signifying that MANF takes part in protein quality control during ER stress.

SMARCA4 belongs to the SWI/SNF family of proteins and is similar to the brahma protein of Drosophila. Proteins in this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are considered to regulate transcription ofcertain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. SMARCA4 is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI, which is essential for transcriptional activation of genesnormally repressed by chromatin. In addition, SMARCA4 is able to bind BRCA1, as well as regulating the expression ofthe tumorigenic protein CD44. Moreover, mutations in SMARCA4 cause rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome type 2.

MALD1 is a ribonuclease and a heat-sensitive allergen which is a member of the pathogenesis-related protein class. MALD1 shares homologous IgE epitopes with major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and Cor a 1 from hazelnut pollen.

Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 3, also known as LAMP3 is part of the lysosome-associated membrane protein family. LAMP3 and CD68 share an extremely similar predicted structure. LAMP3 performs in dendritic cell function and in adaptive immunity as well. Furthermore, LAMP3 overexpression is actively involved in tumor invasion via increased migration into lymph-vascular spaces.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78). It is produced following stimulation of cells with the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Expression of CXCL5 has also been observed in eosinophils, and can be inhibited with the type II IFN. This chemokine stimulates the chemotaxis of neutrophils possesses angiogenic properties. It elicits these effects by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR2. The gene for CXCL5 is encoded on four exons and is located on human chromosome 4 amongst several other CXC chemokine genes. CXCL5 has been implicated in connective tissue remodelling.

GroES protein is the co-chaperonin of GroES in E.coli and assists protein folding. GroEL mediated folding requires the co-chaperonin GroES which is essential for viability. GroES is composed of a single heptameric ring of 10kDa subunits that binds to the ends of the GroEL cylinder. GroES gene was amplified by PCR from E.coli and cloned into an expression vector. This protein was overexpressed in E.coli and was purified by using conventional chromatography techniques.

GDF8 is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site which is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. This gene is thought to encode a secreted protein which negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth.

FGF-1 Intracellular-Binding Protein (FIBP) which is a member of Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) binds to internalized FGF-1 and is thought to be involved in mitogenic function of FGF-1. FGF activity effects development, adult tissue homeostasis, angiogenesis and cancer progression. FIBP localizes to the nucleus and is greatly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle and pancreas and at lower levels in brain, placenta, liver and kidney.