IL31 Canine, HEK

IL31 Canine, HEK

Cytokines

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  • Name :

    IL31 Canine, HEK

    Description:

    Interleukin-31 Canine Recombinant, HEK

    IL-31, Interleukin 31, IL31.

    Product # :

    CYT-1215

    Price :

    Quantity :

    Shipping Method :

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  • More Info

Description

IL31 Canine Recombinant is a single, glycosylated, polypeptide chain (24-159 a.a) containing a total of 136 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 25.2 kDa. IL31 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

HEK293 Cells.

Formulation

The IL31 solution (1mg/ml) contains 10% Glycerol and Phosphate-Buffered Saline (pH 7.4).

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

More Info

  • Synonyms

    IL-31, Interleukin 31, IL31.

  • Physical Appearance

    Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

  • Stability

    Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

  • Amino Acid Sequence

    SHMAPTHQLP PSDVRKIILE LQPLSRGLLE DYQKKETGVP ESNRTLLLCL TSDSQPPRLN SSAILPYFRA IRPLSDKNII DKIIEQLDKL KFQHEPETEI SVPADTFECK SFILTILQQF SACLESVFKS LNSGPQ.

  • Background

    Title: Interleukin-31 Protein: Unveiling Its Role in Inflammatory Pathways and Immune Responses

    Introduction:

    Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a cytokine that has gained considerable attention in recent years due to its involvement in various inflammatory processes and immune responses. Initially identified as a product of activated T-cells, IL-31 has emerged as a key player in allergic diseases, skin inflammation, and other immune-related disorders. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the functions, signaling pathways, and implications of the IL-31 protein. By delving into its interactions with immune cells, its contribution to inflammatory pathways, and its potential as a therapeutic target, this study aims to enhance our understanding of IL-31's role in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis.

    Functions of Interleukin-31:

    IL-31 exerts its effects through binding to the IL-31 receptor, which is predominantly expressed on various immune cells, including T-cells, mast cells, and dendritic cells. Upon receptor activation, IL-31 triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, modulation of cell differentiation, and induction of pruritus. Furthermore, IL-31 has been implicated in the regulation of barrier function, skin homeostasis, and neuronal signaling. Understanding the multifaceted functions of IL-31 is essential for unraveling its contributions to immune responses and its potential as a therapeutic target.

    Signaling Pathways and Mechanisms:

    IL-31 signaling involves the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, which leads to the phosphorylation of downstream effectors and the subsequent modulation of gene expression. Additionally, IL-31 can activate other signaling pathways, such as MAPK and PI3K/AKT, further influencing cellular responses. These signaling events orchestrate the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators, contributing to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying IL-31 signaling is crucial for identifying potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

    Implications in Inflammatory Diseases:

    IL-31 has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Elevated levels of IL-31 are associated with disease severity, pruritus, and chronic inflammation. Targeting IL-31 and its signaling pathways has shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Investigating the involvement of IL-31 in inflammatory diseases enhances our understanding of disease pathogenesis and offers potential avenues for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

    Conclusion:

    The IL-31 protein plays a significant role in immune regulation and inflammatory processes. This research sheds light on the functions, signaling pathways, and implications of IL-31, particularly in the context of inflammatory diseases. Further exploration of IL-31's role may uncover new therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating immune responses and ameliorating chronic inflammation associated with various immune-related disorders.

    Note: Due to the nature of this response, a bibliography could not be provided. However, I encourage you to consult scientific literature and research articles on IL-31 for a comprehensive list of references and sources.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Il31 Canine Hek

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Frequently asked questions

1. Which company offers Recombinant cytokines at competitive prices?

ProSpec offers vast array of cytokines such as Interferon-alpha | Interleukin-2 | TNF-alpha | BMP-2 and much more at affordable descent prices to meet academic budgets.
ProSpec provides High Purity cytokines for 30 years, purity exhibits 95% or more by SDS-PAGE gel.
Cytokines are in stock for immediate delivery via FedEx which enables scientists and researchers to perform immediate experiments.
Cytokines are shipped globally using ProSpec’s custom tailored Styrofoam insulated box and premium ice packs that ensure maximum protein stability during transit to your laboratory.

2. Where can i find biologically active cytokines?

ProSpec offers biologically functional cytokines such as Adiponectin | Cardiotrophin | Beta Defensin which are rigorously tested in-vitro to provide researchers world wide BioActive Cytokines.

3. What is the activity validation method for Cytokines?

ProSpec uses cell-based bioassays that measures the biological activity, for example:
Adiponectin is validated using AMPK phosphorylation assay, glucose uptake assay.
Angiopoietin is validated using Endothelial tube formation assay, Tie2 phosphorylation assay.
Apolipoprotein is validated using Lipid-binding assay, receptor-binding assay.
Beta Defensin is validated using Antimicrobial assay.
Betacellulin is validated using Cell proliferation assay (EGFR-positive cells).
Bone Morphogenetic Protein is validated using Alkaline phosphatase induction assay.

4. Is the cytokine full length or partial?

The cytokine proteins are both full length and partial while majority of them are active mature proteins rather than a full-length precursor. ProSpec active mature proteins exhibits higher expression yields, better stability, Easier purification and Equivalent biological activity as full length precursor.

5. Is the cytokine monomeric or dimeric form?

This depends on the cytokine. ProSpec cytokines are supplied in the native biologically active oligomeric state, which can be monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, or even multimeric since because receptor binding and biological activity often depend on correct oligomerization.
The interleukin and interferon protein family are usually provided as monomer proteins though adiponectin and TNFSF8 are supplied as homodimers.

6. What is the cytokine purity and how was it determined?

The cytokine purity ranges from high purity of ≥95% to premium grade ≥97%.
ProSpec uses SDS-PAGE Coomassie Blue Staining as the primary purity method which Visualizes protein bands. Some SDS-PAGE gels are stained with Silver Stain. Other analytical methods include RP-HPLC [ High-resolution purity determination ] , SEC-HPLC for the detections of aggregates and fragments and Western Blot to confirm cytokine identity.

7. Is the cytokine sequence verified?

The amino acid sequence verification is performed at DNA & protein level.
Sanger DNA Sequencing verifies the expression plasmid having correct coding.
LC-MS is used to verify the molecular weight of the final purified cytokine
Prospec also uses Edman N-terminal Sequencing to determine the amino-terminal sequence.

8. What is the endotoxin level in cytokines and how do you test LPS ?

ProSpec cytokines are tested for endotoxin also named LPS [ lipopolysaccharide ] which is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria which can affect cytokine secretion, cell proliferation and stem cell.
ProSpec measures endotoxin using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate [ LAL ] assay such as Gel-Clot.
ProSpec standard Endotoxin level for cytokines is usually <1 EU/ug.
What Does "EU" Mean? EU = Endotoxin Units

9. Is there host cell protein contamination?

There might be a minor existence of host-cell proteins post chromatography purification and quality-control procedures that greatly minimize these impurities. ProSpec tests host-cell protein levels by SDS-PAGE silver staining, or mass spectrometry.

10. Is the protein tested in vitro, in-vivo cell culture, stem cells, T cells, ELISA, western blot?

PoSpec Proteins are usually tested for biological activity and identity, while some proteins are not though supported by literature and customer experience. Interleukins are tested in T-cell, NK-cell, PBMC, stem cell culture. Interferons are tested in Antiviral assays, immune-cell activation, TNFA proteins are tested in Apoptosis, inflammation and immune studies. ProSpec does not conduct in-vivo or animal injections experiments in house or our source.