AIF1 Human

AIF1 Human

AIF1

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  • Name :

    AIF1 Human

    Description:

    Allograft Inflammatory Factor 1 Human Recombinant

    AIF-1, Allograft inflammatory factor 1, Em:AF129756.17, G1, IBA1, Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, IRT-1, Protein G1, AIF1.

    Product # :

    CYT-697

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  • formulation
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Description

AIF1 produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 167 amino acids (1-147a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 18.9kDa. AIF1 is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

E. Coli.

Formulation

The AIF1 protein solution (0.5mg/1ml) is formulated in 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH8.0)
2mM DTT, 200mM NaCl and 20% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by SDS PAGE.

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More Info

  • Introduction

    Human AIF1 protein shares 98% homology/identity with that of rat. AIF1 is expressed in macrophages and neutrophils. The expression of AIF1 transcripts is upregulated by IFN-g in rat macrophages. AIF1 is expressed selectively in human macrophage-like cell lines, and in a subset of CD68(+) macrophages in the interstitial and perivascular spaces of human heart allografts. In quiescent cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells synthesis of AIF1 is induced by IFN-g, IL1b, and conditioned medium of T-cells. Overexpression of AIF1 in human VSMCs results in enhanced growth of these cells. AIF1 is expressed during apoptosis rat mammary gland and ventral prostate tissues. Allograft Inflammatory Factor 1 is expressed by several tumor-associated activated macrophages and microglial cells in rat and human gliomas. There is an evident relationship of AIF1-expressing activated macrophages and microglial cells with tumor malignancy in humans.

  • Synonyms

    AIF-1, Allograft inflammatory factor 1, Em:AF129756.17, G1, IBA1, Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, IRT-1, Protein G1, AIF1.

  • Stability

    Store AIF1 at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

  • Amino Acid Sequence

    MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MSQTRDLQGG KAFGLLKAQQ EERLDEINKQ FLDDPKYSSD EDLPSKLEGF KEKYMEFDLN GNGDIDIMSL KRMLEKLGVP KTHLELKKLI GEVSSGSGET FSYPDFLRMM LGKRSAILKM ILMYEEKARE KEKPTGPPAK KAISELP.

  • Background

    Allograft Inflammatory Factor 1 Human Recombinant: Uncovering its Role in Immune Responses and Therapeutic Prospects

    1. Abstract

    This paper explores the Allograft Inflammatory Factor 1 Human Recombinant (AIF-1), a cytoplasmic, IFN-gamma-inducible calcium-binding protein involved in inflammation and immunity. We review the structure, biological roles, and involvement of AIF-1 in disease pathology. The therapeutic potential of AIF-1 in immune-related disorders is also explored.

    2. Introduction

    AIF-1, also known as IBA1, plays an important role in immune responses. It is associated with various immune cells, particularly macrophages, and has been implicated in numerous inflammatory and immune-related diseases. Understanding the function of AIF-1 could aid the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

    3. Structure and Signaling of AIF-1

    AIF-1 is a small 17 kDa protein with an EF-hand calcium-binding motif. Although the precise mechanism by which AIF-1 exerts its functions is not entirely clear, it is known to regulate the activation, migration, and proliferation of macrophages, key cells involved in immune responses.

    4. Biological Functions of AIF-1

    AIF-1 has been shown to play key roles in macrophage activation and function, which are central to inflammation and immunity. It is also implicated in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation.

    5. AIF-1 in Disease Pathology

    AIF-1 has been associated with a range of inflammatory and immune-related diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. It is also implicated in several cancers, further underscoring its broad physiological and pathological relevance.

    6. Therapeutic Potential of AIF-1

    Given its pivotal role in immune responses, AIF-1 presents an intriguing target for therapeutic interventions in immune-related diseases. Modulating the activity of AIF-1 could potentially alleviate pathological inflammation and autoimmunity.

    7. Conclusion and Future Perspectives

    Our knowledge of AIF-1 and its functions has significantly improved in recent years, but much remains to be discovered. Further research into AIF-1's exact molecular mechanisms and roles in disease will undoubtedly contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

    What is the molecular weight/Mw of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
    ADIPONECTIN Protein has a total Mw of 18.9kDa.

    What is the source or expression system of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
    E.coli

    What is the Purity of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
    ADIPONECTIN Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

    What is the Biological Activity of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
    The biological functionality of ADIPONECTIN Protein will be determined in the future.

    What is the amino acid sequence of ADIPONECTIN Protein?
    MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MSQTRDLQGG KAFGLLKAQQ EERLDEINKQ FLDDPKYSSD EDLPSKLEGF KEKYMEFDLN GNGDIDIMSL KRMLEKLGVP KTHLELKKLI GEVSSGSGET FSYPDFLRMM LGKRSAILKM ILMYEEKARE KEKPTGPPAK KAISELP.

    What applications can ADIPONECTIN Protein be used in?
    ADIPONECTIN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

    What is the endotoxin level for ADIPONECTIN Protein?
    The endotoxin level is minimal, ADIPONECTIN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Aif1 Human

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Frequently asked questions

1. Which company offers Recombinant cytokines at competitive prices?

ProSpec offers vast array of cytokines such as Interferon-alpha | Interleukin-2 | TNF-alpha | BMP-2 and much more at affordable descent prices to meet academic budgets.
ProSpec provides High Purity cytokines for 30 years, purity exhibits 95% or more by SDS-PAGE gel.
Cytokines are in stock for immediate delivery via FedEx which enables scientists and researchers to perform immediate experiments.
Cytokines are shipped globally using ProSpec’s custom tailored Styrofoam insulated box and premium ice packs that ensure maximum protein stability during transit to your laboratory.

2. Where can i find biologically active cytokines?

ProSpec offers biologically functional cytokines such as Adiponectin | Cardiotrophin | Beta Defensin which are rigorously tested in-vitro to provide researchers world wide BioActive Cytokines.

3. What is the activity validation method for Cytokines?

ProSpec uses cell-based bioassays that measures the biological activity, for example:
Adiponectin is validated using AMPK phosphorylation assay, glucose uptake assay.
Angiopoietin is validated using Endothelial tube formation assay, Tie2 phosphorylation assay.
Apolipoprotein is validated using Lipid-binding assay, receptor-binding assay.
Beta Defensin is validated using Antimicrobial assay.
Betacellulin is validated using Cell proliferation assay (EGFR-positive cells).
Bone Morphogenetic Protein is validated using Alkaline phosphatase induction assay.

4. Is the cytokine full length or partial?

The cytokine proteins are both full length and partial while majority of them are active mature proteins rather than a full-length precursor. ProSpec active mature proteins exhibits higher expression yields, better stability, Easier purification and Equivalent biological activity as full length precursor.

5. Is the cytokine monomeric or dimeric form?

This depends on the cytokine. ProSpec cytokines are supplied in the native biologically active oligomeric state, which can be monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, or even multimeric since because receptor binding and biological activity often depend on correct oligomerization.
The interleukin and interferon protein family are usually provided as monomer proteins though adiponectin and TNFSF8 are supplied as homodimers.

6. What is the cytokine purity and how was it determined?

The cytokine purity ranges from high purity of ≥95% to premium grade ≥97%.
ProSpec uses SDS-PAGE Coomassie Blue Staining as the primary purity method which Visualizes protein bands. Some SDS-PAGE gels are stained with Silver Stain. Other analytical methods include RP-HPLC [ High-resolution purity determination ] , SEC-HPLC for the detections of aggregates and fragments and Western Blot to confirm cytokine identity.

7. Is the cytokine sequence verified?

The amino acid sequence verification is performed at DNA & protein level.
Sanger DNA Sequencing verifies the expression plasmid having correct coding.
LC-MS is used to verify the molecular weight of the final purified cytokine
Prospec also uses Edman N-terminal Sequencing to determine the amino-terminal sequence.

8. What is the endotoxin level in cytokines and how do you test LPS ?

ProSpec cytokines are tested for endotoxin also named LPS [ lipopolysaccharide ] which is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria which can affect cytokine secretion, cell proliferation and stem cell.
ProSpec measures endotoxin using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate [ LAL ] assay such as Gel-Clot.
ProSpec standard Endotoxin level for cytokines is usually <1 EU/ug.
What Does "EU" Mean? EU = Endotoxin Units

9. Is there host cell protein contamination?

There might be a minor existence of host-cell proteins post chromatography purification and quality-control procedures that greatly minimize these impurities. ProSpec tests host-cell protein levels by SDS-PAGE silver staining, or mass spectrometry.

10. Is the protein tested in vitro, in-vivo cell culture, stem cells, T cells, ELISA, western blot?

PoSpec Growth Factors proteins are usually tested for biological activity and identity, while some proteins are not though supported by literature and customer experience. Interleukins are tested in T-cell, NK-cell, PBMC, stem cell culture. Interferons are tested in Antiviral assays, immune-cell activation, TNFA proteins are tested in Apoptosis, inflammation and immune studies. ProSpec does not conduct in-vivo or animal injections experiments in house or our source.