Fractalkine (CX3CL1)

Fractalkine (CX3CL1)

Fractalkine (CX3CL1)

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  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Fractalkine Rat Recombinant (CX3CL1)

    Fractalkine, CX3CL1, Neurotactin, CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine, Small inducible cytokine D1, NTN, NTT, CXC3, CXC3C, SCYD1, ABCD-3, C3Xkine.

    Product # :

    CHM-005

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    Description

    Fractalkine Rat Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 76 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 8.7kDa.The Fractalkine is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in PBS, pH 7.4.

    Purity

    Greater than 97.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

    Biological Activity

    Determined by its ability to chemoattract human monocytes using a concentration range of 5.0-10.0 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 100,000-200,000units/mg.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      Fractalkine soluble form is chemotactic for t-cells and monocytes, but not for neutrophils. Fractalkine membrane-bound form promotes adhesion of those leukocytes to endothelial cells. Fractalkine regulates leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium and binds to CX3CR1. Natural Human Fractalkine is produced as a long protein (373-amino acid) with an extended mucin-like stalk and a chemokine domain on top. The mucin-like stalk permits it to bind to the cell surface. Fractalkine gene is located on human chromosome 16 along with some CC chemokines known as CCL17 and CCL22.

    • Synonyms

      Fractalkine, CX3CL1, Neurotactin, CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine, Small inducible cytokine D1, NTN, NTT, CXC3, CXC3C, SCYD1, ABCD-3, C3Xkine.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

    • Stability

      Lyophilized FractalkineRat although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Fractalkine should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Solubility

      It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Fractalkine in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      QHLGMTKCNI TCHKMTSPIP VTLLIHYQLN QESCGKRAII LETRQHRHFC ADPKEKWVQD AMKHLDHQTA ALTRNG

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Fractalkine Rat
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Fractalkine Mouse Recombinant (CX3CL1)

    Fractalkine, C-X3-C motif chemokine 1, CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine, Neurotactin, Small-inducible cytokine D1, Cx3cl1, Cx3c, Fkn, Scyd1, CX3C, ABCD-3, AB030188, AI848747, D8Bwg0439e.

    Product # :

    CHM-017

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    • description
    • source
    • formulation
    • purity
    • biological activity
    • More Info

    Description

    Fractalkine Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 76 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 8.7kDa. The CX3CL1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in PBS, pH 7.4.

    Purity

    Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
    (a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
    (b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

    Biological Activity

    The ED50as determined by a cell proliferation assay using human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) is less than 0.5 µg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 2000IU/mg.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      Fractalkine soluble form is chemotactic for t-cells and monocytes, but not for neutrophils. Fractalkine membrane-bound form promotes adhesion of those leukocytes to endothelial cells. Fractalkine regulates leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium and binds to CX3CR1. Natural Human Fractalkine is produced as a long protein (373-amino acid) with an extended mucin-like stalk and a chemokine domain on top. The mucin-like stalk permits it to bind to the cell surface. Fractalkine gene is located on human chromosome 16 along with some CC chemokines known as CCL17 and CCL22.

    • Synonyms

      Fractalkine, C-X3-C motif chemokine 1, CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine, Neurotactin, Small-inducible cytokine D1, Cx3cl1, Cx3c, Fkn, Scyd1, CX3C, ABCD-3, AB030188, AI848747, D8Bwg0439e.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

    • Stability

      Lyophilized CX3CL1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution CX3CL1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Solubility

      It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized CX3CL1 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      QHLGMTKCEI MCGKMTSRIP VALLIRYQLN QESCGKRAIV LETTQHRRFC ADPKEKWVQD AMKHLDHQAA ALTKNG.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Fractalkine Mouse
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Fractalkine (CX3CL1) Human Recombinant, Sf9

    Fractalkine, CX3CL1, Neurotactin, CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine, Small inducible cytokine D1, NTN, NTT, CXC3, CXC3C, SCYD1, ABCD-3, C3Xkine.

    Product # :

    CHM-042

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    Description

    Fractalkine Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 323 amino acids (25-339aa) and having a molecular mass of 34.3kDa.Fractalkine is fused to a 8 amino acid His tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

    Formulation

    The Fractalkine solution (1 mg/ml) contains 10% Glycerol and Phosphate Buffered Saline (pH 7.4).

    Purity

    Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      Fractalkine soluble form is chemotactic for t-cells and monocytes, but not for neutrophils. Fractalkine membrane-bound form promotes adhesion of those leukocytes to endothelial cells. Fractalkine regulates leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium and binds to CX3CR1. Fractalkine gene is located on human chromosome 16 along with some CC chemokines known as CCL17 and CCL22.

    • Synonyms

      Fractalkine, CX3CL1, Neurotactin, CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine, Small inducible cytokine D1, NTN, NTT, CXC3, CXC3C, SCYD1, ABCD-3, C3Xkine.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      QHHGVTKCNI TCSKMTSKIP VALLIHYQQN QASCGKRAII LETRQHRLFC ADPKEQWVKD
      AMQHLDRQAA ALTRNGGTFE KQIGEVKPRT TPAAGGMDES VVLEPEATGE SSSLEPTPSS
      QEAQRALGTS PELPTGVTGS SGTRLPPTPK AQDGGPVGTE LFRVPPVSTA ATWQSSAPHQ
      PGPSLWAEAK TSEAPSTQDP STQASTASSP APEENAPSEG QRVWGQGQSP RPENSLEREE
      MGPVPAHTDA FQDWGPGSMA HVSVVPVSSE GTPSREPVAS GSWTPKAEEP IHATMDPQRL GVLITPVPDA QAATRLEHHH HHH

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Cx3Cl1 Human
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Fractalkine Human Recombinant (CX3CL1), His Tag

    Fractalkine, CX3CL1, Neurotactin, CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine, Small inducible cytokine D1, NTN, NTT, CXC3, CXC3C, SCYD1, ABCD-3, C3Xkine.

    Product # :

    CHM-360

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    Description

    Fractalkine Human Recombinant fused with a 20 amino acid His tag at N-terminus produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 97 amino acids (25-100 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 10.9kDa. The Fractalkine is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    The Fractalkine solution (0.5 mg/ml) contains Phosphate Buffered Saline pH7.4 and 10% glycerol.

    Purity

    Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      Fractalkine soluble form is chemotactic for t-cells and monocytes, but not for neutrophils. Fractalkine membrane-bound form promotes adhesion of those leukocytes to endothelial cells. Fractalkine regulates leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium and binds to CX3CR1. Natural Human Fractalkine is produced as a long protein (373-amino acid) with an extended mucin-like stalk and a chemokine domain on top. The mucin-like stalk permits it to bind to the cell surface. Fractalkine gene is located on human chromosome 16 along with some CC chemokines known as CCL17 and CCL22.

    • Synonyms

      Fractalkine, CX3CL1, Neurotactin, CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine, Small inducible cytokine D1, NTN, NTT, CXC3, CXC3C, SCYD1, ABCD-3, C3Xkine.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered clear solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks.Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MQHHGVTKCN ITCSKMTSKI PVALLIHYQQ NQASCGKRAI ILETRQHRLF CADPKEQWVK DAMQHLDRQA AALTRNG.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Fractalkine Human His
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Fractalkine Human Recombinant (CX3CL1)

    Fractalkine, CX3CL1, Neurotactin, CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine, Small inducible cytokine D1, NTN, NTT, CXC3, CXC3C, SCYD1, ABCD-3, C3Xkine.

    Product # :

    CHM-235

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    Shipped at Room temp

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    • description
    • source
    • formulation
    • purity
    • biological activity
    • More Info

    Description

    Fractalkine Human Recombinant- produced in E.Coli is a single,non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 76 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 8638 Dalton. The Fractalkine is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    The CX3CL1 was lyophilized from a 0.2μm filtered concentrated (1.0 mg/ml) solution in 20mM Phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 50mM NaCl.

    Purity

    Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
    (a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
    (b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

    Biological Activity

    The Biological activity is calculated by its ability to chemoattract human T-Lymphocytes using a concentration range of 5.0-10.0 ng/ml corresponding to a Specific Activity of 100,000-200,000IU/mg.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      Fractalkine soluble form is chemotactic for t-cells and monocytes, but not for neutrophils. Fractalkine membrane-bound form promotes adhesion of those leukocytes to endothelial cells. Fractalkine regulates leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium and binds to CX3CR1. Natural Human Fractalkine is produced as a long protein (373-amino acid) with an extended mucin-like stalk and a chemokine domain on top. The mucin-like stalk permits it to bind to the cell surface. Fractalkine gene is located on human chromosome 16 along with some CC chemokines known as CCL17 and CCL22.

    • Synonyms

      Fractalkine, CX3CL1, Neurotactin, CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine, Small inducible cytokine D1, NTN, NTT, CXC3, CXC3C, SCYD1, ABCD-3, C3Xkine.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

    • Stability

      Lyophilized CX3CL1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution CX3CL1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Solubility

      It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized CX3CL1 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      QHHGVTKCNITCSKMTSKIPVALLIHYQQNQASCGKRAIILETRQHRLFCADPKEQW VKDAMQHLDRQAAALTRNG.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Fractalkine Human
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Exodus-2 (CCL21) Mouse Recombinant, Sf9

    Ccl21a, C-C motif chemokine 21a, 6Ckine, Beta-chemokine exodus-2, Small-inducible cytokine A21a,Thymus-derived chemotactic agent 4, TCA4, Ccl21a, Scya21, Scya21a, 6CKBAC2, 6Ckine, ALP,AW987545, CKb9, plt, Scya21b, SLC.

    Product # :

    CHM-043

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    • description
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    Description

    Exodus-2 Mouse Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 119 amino acids (24-133aa) and having a molecular mass of 13.1kDa.Exodus-2 is fused to a 9 amino acid His tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

    Formulation

    The Exodus-2 solution (0.5mg/ml) contains Phosphate-Buffered Saline (pH 7.4) and 10% glycerol.

    Purity

    Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      Exodus-2 protein or CCL21 is a cytokine, part of the CC chemokines subgroup. Because of its 6 conserved residues of the cysteine amino acid (instead of the 4 residues we usually see in chemokines), the protein is also named 6Ckine and SLC (secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine). The gene that codes for this protein is located on chromosome 9 in humans. The Exodus-2 is binding to the CCR7 receptor, which is a chemokine receptor located to the cell’s surface.

    • Synonyms

      Ccl21a, C-C motif chemokine 21a, 6Ckine, Beta-chemokine exodus-2, Small-inducible cytokine A21a,Thymus-derived chemotactic agent 4, TCA4, Ccl21a, Scya21, Scya21a, 6CKBAC2, 6Ckine, ALP,AW987545, CKb9, plt, Scya21b, SLC.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      ADPSDGGGQD CCLKYSQKKI PYSIVRGYRK QEPSLGCPIP AILFSPRKHS KPELCANPEE GWVQNLMRRL DQPPAPGKQS PGCRKNRGTS KSGKKGKGSK GCKRTEQTQP SRGHHHHHH

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Exodus 2 Mouse

About Fractalkine:

CX3CL1 is more commonly known as fractalkine. In fact, the reason it often goes by the other name is because the gene that encodes fractalkine is CX3CL1. It is a protein that’s present in the human body and is often referred to as being a chemokine ligand 1 protein. You’ll find it along the human chromosome 16, where it shares this location with many other CC chemokines (notably; CCL17 and CCL22).

Structure
CX3CL1 is a big protein, in comparison to many other proteins in the human body. It contains a large number of amino acids - 373 to be precise - and is the owner of many different domains. As of right now, it’s the sole member of a chemokine family called the CXsC family.
The reason it forms its own chemokine family is that it doesn’t follow the typical structural traits of other chemokines in humans. More specifically, it has a different polypeptide structure, which isn’t found anywhere else. Research has concluded that there is a difference in how the N-terminal cysteines are spaced in CX3CL1 compared to the CC and CXC chemokine families. In CX3CL1 you will find three amino acids that break up the first pair of cysteines in the protein cell. Comparatively, there are no amino acids separating the initial pair of cysteines in CC chemokines, and there is a sole amino acid in CXC chemokines.
As mentioned, this is a very long protein with 373 amino acids present, and it has a chemokine domain on the top of a mucin-like stalk that extends outwards from the cell.

Mechanism & Interactions
Thanks to its mucin-like stalk, CX3CL1 has the ability to bind to different cells on their surface. This makes it a cell-binding chemokine, and it is largely produced in endothelial cells. Similarly, when this chemokine binds to the surface of cells, it helps encourage leukocytes to fix themselves to the endothelial cells.
However, as well as the cell-binding version of CX3CL1, a soluble version has also been discovered by researchers. Various tests have found that this version of the chemokine is excellent at attracting both monocytes and T cells to the area it’s present in.
For any of this to happen, CX3CL1 needs to interact with a chemokine receptor. As a consequence, it binds with the receptor CX3CR1. You’ll find CX3CL1 - or fractalkine - in many areas of the body, most notably the brain. Neural cells are especially abundant in fractalkine, and you will commonly find the CX3CR1 receptor on microglial cells.

Function
The primary functions of CX3CL1 are to help attract and fix different cells. The soluble version helps in the attraction of T cells and monocytes, with the cell-bound version working on fixing leukocytes. Following on from this, it has also been linked to cell migration. Mainly, CX3CL1 is suggested to be absolutely paramount for microglial cell migration.
Furthermore, this chemokine is highly abundant in the hippocampus part of the brain and has been found to help with the regulation of glutamate-mediated neurotransmission tone. This means that CX3CL1 could also function as part of the synaptic scaling process.