Endonuclease

Endonuclease

Endonuclease

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  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Nei Endonuclease VIII-Like 2 Human Recombinant

    Endonuclease 8-like 2, DNA glycosylase/AP lyase Neil2, DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase Neil2, Endonuclease VIII-like 2, Nei homolog 2, NEH2, Nei-like protein 2, NEIL2, NEH2.

    Product # :

    ENZ-607

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    Description

    NEIL2 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 356 amino acids (1-332) and having a molecular mass of 39.4kDa.NEIL2 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    The NEIL2 solution (0.5mg/ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 1mM DTT, 10% glycerol and 0.1M NaCl.

    Purity

    Greater than 85.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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    • Introduction

      Endonuclease 8-like 2 (NEIL2) is a member of a class of DNA glycosylases homologous to the bacterial Fpg/Nei family. These glycosylases set off the first step in base excision repair by cleaving bases damaged by reactive oxygen species and introducing a DNA strand break through the associated lyase reaction. NEIL2 is involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. NEIL2 has DNA glycosylase activity towards 5-hydroxyuracil and other oxidized derivatives of cytosine with a preference for mismatched double stranded DNA (DNA bubbles). NEIL2 has insignificant or undetectable activity with 8-oxoguanine, thymine glycol, 2-hydroxyadenine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. NEIL2 also has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and creates incisions in the DNA strand. NEIL2 cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-delta exclusion to produce a single-strand break at the site of the removed base with both 3'- and 5'-phosphates. NEIL2 is found in the testis, skeletal muscle, heart, brain, placenta, lung, pancreas, kidney and liver.

    • Synonyms

      Endonuclease 8-like 2, DNA glycosylase/AP lyase Neil2, DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase Neil2, Endonuclease VIII-like 2, Nei homolog 2, NEH2, Nei-like protein 2, NEIL2, NEH2.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile filtered colorless solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSHMPEGPL VRKFHHLVSP FVGQQVVKTG GSSKKLQPAS LQSLWLQDTQ VHGKKLFLRF DLDEEMGPPG SSPTPEPPQK EVQKEGAADP KQVGEPSGQK TLDGSSRSAE LVPQGEDDSE YLERDAPAGD AGRWLRVSFG LFGSVWVNDF SRAKKANKRG
      DWRDPSPRLV LHFGGGGFLA FYNCQLSWSS SPVVTPTCDI LSEKFHRGQA LEALGQAQPV CYTLLDQRYF SGLGNIIKNE ALYRAGIHPL SLGSVLSASR REVLVDHVVE FSTAWLQGKF QGRPQHTQVY QKEQCPAGHQ VMKEAFGPED GLQRLTWWCP QCQPQLSEEP EQCQFS.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Neil2 Human
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Nei Endonuclease VIII-Like 1 Human Recombinant

    Endonuclease 8-like 1, DNA glycosylase/AP lyase Neil1, DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase Neil1, Endonuclease VIII-like 1, FPG1, Nei homolog 1, NEH1, Nei-like protein 1, NEIL1, NEI1, hFPG1.

    Product # :

    ENZ-220

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    Description

    NEIL1 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 410 amino acids (1-390) and having a molecular mass of 45.8kDa.NEIL1 is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    The NEIL1 solution (0.5mg/ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH8.0), 20% glycerol, 0.1M NaCl, 1mM DTT and 0.1mM PMSF.

    Purity

    Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      NEIL1 is a member of a class of DNA glycosylases homologous to the bacterial Fpg/Nei family. These glycosylases initiate the first step in base excision repair by cleaving bases damaged by reactive oxygen species and introducing a DNA strand break via the associated lyase reaction. NEIL1 participates in the DNA repair pathway by initiating base excision repair by removing damaged bases, primarily oxidized pyrimidines.

    • Synonyms

      Endonuclease 8-like 1, DNA glycosylase/AP lyase Neil1, DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase Neil1, Endonuclease VIII-like 1, FPG1, Nei homolog 1, NEH1, Nei-like protein 1, NEIL1, NEI1, hFPG1.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile filtered colorless solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MPEGPELHLA SQFVNEACRA LVFGGCVEKS SVSRNPEVPF ESSAYRISAS ARGKELRLIL SPLPGAQPQQ EPLALVFRFG MSGSFQLVPR EELPRHAHLR FYTAPPGPRL ALCFVDIRRF GRWDLGGKWQ PGRGPCVLQE YQQFRENVLR NLADKAFDRP ICEALLDQRF FNGIGNYLRA EILYRLKIPP FEKARSVLEA LQQHRPSPEL TLSQKIRTKL QNPDLLELCH SVPKEVVQLG GKGYGSESGE EDFAAFRAWL RCYGMPGMSS LQDRHGRTIW FQGDPGPLAP KGRKSRKKKS KATQLSPEDR VEDALPPSKA PSRTRRAKRD LPKRTATQRP EGTSLQQDPE APTVPKKGRR KGRQAASGHC RPRKVKADIP SLEPEGTSAS.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Neil1 Human
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    tRNA Splicing Endonuclease 15 Human Recombinant

    tRNA-splicing endonuclease subunit Sen15, SEN15 homolog, HsSEN15, tRNA-intron endonuclease Sen15, TSEN15, C1orf19, SEN15.

    Product # :

    PRO-144

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    Description

    TSEN15 Human Recombinant fused with a 20 amino acid His tag at N-terminus produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 191 amino acids (1-171 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 20.9kDa. The TSEN15 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    The TSEN15 solution (0.5mg/ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 2mM DTT, 20% glycerol and 200mM NaCl.

    Purity

    Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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    • Introduction

      tRNA-splicing endonuclease subunit Sen15 (TSEN15) is a member of the SEN15 family. tRNA splicing is an essential process required for cell growth and division. TSEN15 is a subunit of the tRNA splicing endonuclease. TSEN15 cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5' and 3' splice sites to release the intron.

    • Synonyms

      tRNA-splicing endonuclease subunit Sen15, SEN15 homolog, HsSEN15, tRNA-intron endonuclease Sen15, TSEN15, C1orf19, SEN15.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MEERGDSEPT PGCSGLGPDG VRGFGDGGGA PSWAPEDAWM GTHPKYLEMM ELDIGDATHV YVAFLVYLDL MESKSWHEVN CVGLPELQLI CLVGTEIEGE GLQTVVPTPI TASLSHNRIR EILKASRKLQ GDPDLPMSFT LAIVESDSTI VYYKLTDGFM LPDPQNISLR R.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Tsen15 Human
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Flap Structure-Specific Endonuclease 1 Human Recombinant

    FEN-1, MF1, RAD2, Maturation Factor-1, MF-1, Flap endonuclease 1, Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1, Maturation factor 1, hFEN-1, DNase IV, FEN1.

    Product # :

    ENZ-468

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    Description

    FEN1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 380 amino acids (1-380 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 42.5 kDa. The FEN1 protein is purified by standard chromatogrpahy techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    The protein contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer pH-8.0, 1mM DTT, 10% glycerol.

    Purity

    Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      FEN1 removes 5'' overhanging flaps in DNA repair and processes the 5'' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis. The interaction between FEN1 and AP endonuclease 1 during long-patch base excision repair provides coordinated loading of the proteins onto the substrate, therefore passing the substrate from one enzyme to another. FEN1 is part of the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family and is one of ten proteins essential for cell-free DNA replication. DNA secondary structure can inhibit flap processing at certain trinucleotide repeats in a length-dependent manner by concealing the 5'' end of the flap that is necessary for both binding and cleavage by the protein encoded by this gene. Therefore, secondary structure can deter the protective function of this protein, leading to site-specific trinucleotide expansions.

    • Synonyms

      FEN-1, MF1, RAD2, Maturation Factor-1, MF-1, Flap endonuclease 1, Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1, Maturation factor 1, hFEN-1, DNase IV, FEN1.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile filtered colorless solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      MGIQGLAKLI ADVAPSAIRE NDIKSYFGRK VAIDASMSIY QFLIAVRQGG DVLQNEEGET TSHLMGMFYR TIRMMENGIK PVYVFDGKPP QLKSGELAKR SERRAEAEKQ LQQAQAAGAE QEVEKFTKRL VKVTKQHNDE CKHLLSLMGI PYLDAPSEAE ASCAALVKAG KVYAAATEDM DCLTFGSPVL MRHLTASEAK KLPIQEFHLS RILQELGLNQ EQFVDLCILL GSDYCESIRG IGPKRAVDLI QKHKSIEEIV RRLDPNKYPV PENWLHKEAH QLFLEPEVLD PESVELKWSE PNEEELIKFM CGEKQFSEER IRSGVKRLSK SRQGSTQGRL DDFFKVTGSL SSAKRKEPEP KGSTKKKAKT GAAGKFKRGK.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Fen1 Human
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Nth Endonuclease III-Like 1 Human Recombinant

    Endonuclease III-like protein 1, NTHL1, NTH1, OCTS3.

    Product # :

    ENZ-172

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    Description

    NTHL1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 332 amino acids (1-312 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 36.6kDa.NTHL1 is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    NTHL1 protein solution (0.25mg/ml) containing 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH8.0), 40% glycerol, 0.15M NaCl and 1mM DTT.

    Purity

    Greater than 80.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      Nth endonuclease III-like protein 1 (NTHL1) is one of the enzymes which act on a large number of oxidatively damaged DNA sites. NTHL1 has an apurinic and/or apyrimidinic endonuclease activity and a DNA N-glycosylase activity. NTHL1 acts on a damaged strand, 5' from the damaged site and incises damaged DNA at cytosines, thymines and guanines.

    • Synonyms

      Endonuclease III-like protein 1, NTHL1, NTH1, OCTS3.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile filtered colorless solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MCSPQESGMT ALSARMLTRS RSLGPGAGPR GCREEPGPLR RREAAAEARK SHSPVKRPRK AQRLRVAYEG SDSEKGEGAE PLKVPVWEPQ DWQQQLVNIR AMRNKKDAPV DHLGTEHCYD SSAPPKVRRY QVLLSLMLSS QTKDQVTAGA MQRLRARGLT VDSILQTDDA TLGKLIYPVG FWRSKVKYIK QTSAILQQHY GGDIPASVAE LVALPGVGPK MAHLAMAVAW GTVSGIAVDT HVHRIANRLR WTKKATKSPE ETRAALEEWL PRELWHEING LLVGFGQQTC LPVHPRCHAC LNQALCPAAQ GL.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Nthl1 Human
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Endonuclease-III E.Coli Recombinant

    DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase, b1633, JW1625.

    Product # :

    ENZ-132

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    Description

    NTH E.Coli Recombinant fused with a 20 amino acid His tag at N-terminus produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 231 amino acids (1-211a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 25.7kDa. The NTH is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    The NTH solution (0.5mg/1ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH8.0), 0.1M NaCl, 1mM DTT, 0.1mM PMSF and 40% glycerol.

    Purity

    Greater than 85.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      Endonuclease III (nth) is a DNA repair enzyme which has both DNA N-glycosylase activity and AP-lyase activity. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases numerous damaged pyrimidines from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond and leaving an AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) site. This AP-lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination, thus leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'-phosphate.

    • Synonyms

      DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase, b1633, JW1625.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks.Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MNKAKRLEIL TRLRENNPHP TTELNFSSPF ELLIAVLLSA QATDVSVNKA TAKLYPVANT PAAMLELGVE GVKTYIKTIG LYNSKAENII KTCRILLEQH NGEVPEDRAA LEALPGVGRK TANVVLNTAF GWPTIAVDTH IFRVCNRTQF APGKNVEQVE EKLLKVVPAE FKVDCHHWLI LHGRYTCIAR KPRCGSCIIE DLCEYKEKVD I.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Nth Ecoli

About Endonuclease:

Endonucleases are enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain. Some of them have no regard to sequence when cutting DNA, but many others do so only at specific nucleotide sequences. The latter group is often called restriction endonucleases or restriction enzymes. Endonucleases can be distinguished from exonucleases, which cut the ends of recognition sequences and not the middle portion, unlike endonucleases. It is also possible for an enzyme to display both functions, and these are known as exo-endonucleases. Comparing endonuclease activity to exonuclease activity, the evidence suggests that the former experiences a lag compared to the latter.

Endonuclease Mechanism
Restriction enzymes are endonucleases from eubacteria and archaea that recognize a specific DNA sequence. The restriction site is the nucleotide sequence that is recognized for cleavage by a restriction enzyme, and it is usually a palindromic sequence of four to six nucleotides. Cleaving is often performed unevenly, which leaves single-stranded ends (called sticky ends) which can use hybridization to reconnect. The phosphodiester bonds of the fragments can be joined through DNA ligase when they have been paired. Every restriction endonuclease that is known attacks a different restriction site, which means there are hundreds of restriction sites for hundreds of restriction endonucleases. The origin of the DNA has no impact on the ability of the DNA fragments that have been cleaved can join together. This is known as recombinant DNA, which is formed by the joining of genes in new combinations.
There are three categories of restriction endonucleases: Type I, Type II and Type III. They are categorized based on their mechanism of action. They are regularly used in genetic engineering to create recombinant DNA, which can be introduced into different cells of bacterial, plant or animal origin. They can also be used in synthetic biology. Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9) is one notable example of an endonuclease. It is a protein which plays an important role in the immunological defense of certain bacteria against DNA viruses. It has become more well-known due to its uses in genetic engineering.

Endonuclease Structure
Type I and Type II restriction endonucleases are multisubunit complexes that include endonucleases and methylase activities. Type I restriction enzymes are capable of cleaving a random sites of approximately 1,000 base pairs from the recognition sequence. Type II enzymes are simpler and don't require ATP as an energy source, unlike Type I. Type III cleaves the DNA at approximately 25 base pairs from the recognition sequence and, like Type I, requires ATP.

Endonuclease Function
Endonucleases contribute to DNA repair. The incision of DNA at AP sites is catalyzed by AP endonuclease, which readies DNA for excision, repair synthesis and DNA litigation. There are two AP endonucleases in E.coli cells, which eukaryotes have just one AP endonuclease. Mutations can also occur in endonucleases. A defect in a UV-specific endonuclease causes the rare autosomal recessive disease xeroderma pigmentosa, which means that DNA damage caused by sunlight can't be repaired. Sickle Cell anemia is another result of a mutation, when the recognition site for the restriction endonuclease that recognizes the nucleotide sequences is eliminated.