Autophagy Related

Autophagy Related

Autophagy Related

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  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Autophagy Related 5 Human Recombinant

    Autophagy protein 5, APG5-like, Apoptosis-specific protein, ATG5, ASP, APG5, APG5L, hAPG5.

    Product # :

    PRO-454

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    Description

    ATG5 produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 295 amino acids (1-275a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 34.6kDa.ATG5 is fused to a 20 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    ATG5 at a concentration of 0.25mg/ml containing 20mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 1mM DTT , 0.2M NaCl and 40% glycerol.

    Purity

    Greater than 85.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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    • Introduction

      ATG5 is a member of the autophagy-related (ATG) genes family. Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents. ATG5 protein is essential for autophagy. It conjugates to ATG12 and associates with isolation membrane to form autophagosomes. In addition ATG5 takes a vital part in the apoptotic process and it is expressed relatively late in the apoptotic process, downstream of caspase activity.

    • Synonyms

      Autophagy protein 5, APG5-like, Apoptosis-specific protein, ATG5, ASP, APG5, APG5L, hAPG5.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered clear solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MTDDKDVLRD VWFGRIPTCF TLYQDEITER EAEPYYLLLPRVSYLTLVTD KVKKHFQKVM RQEDISEIWF EYEGTPLKWH YPIGLLFDLL ASSSALPWNITVHFKSFPEK DLLHCPSKDA IEAHFMSCMK EADALKHKSQ VINEMQKKDH KQLWMGLQND RFDQFWAINR KLMEYPAEEN GFRYIPFRIY QTTTERPFIQ KLFRPVAADG QLHTLGDLLKEVCPSAIDPE DGEKKNQVMI HGIEPMLETP LQWLSEHLSY PDNFLHISII PQPTD

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Atg5 Human
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    ATG4 Autophagy Related 4 Homolog B Human Recombinant

    Cysteine protease ATG4B, AUT-like 1 cysteine endopeptidasem, Autophagin-1, Autophagy-related cysteine endopeptidase 1, Autophagy-related protein 4 homolog B, hAPG4B, ATG4B, APG4B, AUTL1, KIAA0943.

    Product # :

    PRO-1048

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    Description

    ATG4B Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 401 amino acids (1-393 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 45.4kDa.ATG4B is fused to an 8 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    ATG4B protein solution (0.5mg/ml) containing 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH8.0), 20% glycerol, 1mM DTT and 0.1mM PMSF.

    Purity

    Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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    • Introduction

      Cysteine protease ATG4B (ATG4B) belongs to the autophagin protein family. Autophagy is the manner by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is vital for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. ATG4B is a cysteine protease necessary for autophagy, which cleaves the C-terminal part of either MAP1LC3, GABARAPL2 or GABARAP, allowing the liberation of form I. A subpopulation of form I is then transformed to a smaller form (form II). Form II, with an exposed C-terminal glycine, is deemed to be the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugated form, and is capable of binding to autophagosomes. Reduced levels of autophagy are seen in some malignant tumors; therefore autophagy may have a role in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer.

    • Synonyms

      Cysteine protease ATG4B, AUT-like 1 cysteine endopeptidasem, Autophagin-1, Autophagy-related cysteine endopeptidase 1, Autophagy-related protein 4 homolog B, hAPG4B, ATG4B, APG4B, AUTL1, KIAA0943.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered clear solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      MDAATLTYDT LRFAEFEDFP ETSEPVWILG RKYSIFTEKD EILSDVASRL WFTYRKNFPA IGGTGPTSDT GWGCMLRCGQ MIFAQALVCR HLGRDWRWTQ RKRQPDSYFS VLNAFIDRKD SYYSIHQIAQ MGVGEGKSIG QWYGPNTVAQ VLKKLAVFDT WSSLAVHIAM DNTVVMEEIR RLCRTSVPCA GATAFPADSD RHCNGFPAGA EVTNRPSPWR PLVLLIPLRL GLTDINEAYV ETLKHCFMMP QSLGVIGGKP NSAHYFIGYV GEELIYLDPH TTQPAVEPTD GCFIPDESFH CQHPPCRMSI AELDPSIAVG FFCKTEDDFN DWCQQVKKLS LLGGALPMFE LVEQQPSHLA CPDVLNLSLD SSDVERLERF FDSEDEDFEI LSLLEHHHHH H.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Atg4B Human
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Autophagy Related 3 Human Recombinant

    APG3, APG3-LIKE, APG3L, PC3-96, Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3, Autophagy-related protein 3, hApg3, PC3-96, ATG3.

    Product # :

    PRO-1987

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    Description

    ATG3 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 337 amino acids (1-314 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 38.3kDa. ATG3 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    Escherichia Coli.

    Formulation

    ATG3 protein solution (0.5mg/ml) containing 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.1M NaCl and 10% glycerol.

    Purity

    Greater than 85.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      Autophagy Related 3 (ATG3) is a conjugating enzyme essential for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), autophagy, and mitochondrial homeostasis. ATG3 is localizes to the cytoplasm and is expressed in tissues with predominant levels found in kidney, placenta, liver, heart and skeletal muscle. ATG3 catalyzes a reaction which is necessary for autophagy. That reaction is the formation of the Atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (ATG-PE) conjugate.

    • Synonyms

      APG3, APG3-LIKE, APG3L, PC3-96, Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3, Autophagy-related protein 3, hApg3, PC3-96, ATG3.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMQNVINT VKGKALEVAE YLTPVLKESK FKETGVITPE EFVAAGDHLV HHCPTWQWAT GEELKVKAYL PTGKQFLVTK NVPCYKRCKQ MEYSDELEAI IEEDDGDGGW VDTYHNTGIT GITEAVKEIT LENKDNIRLQ DCSALCEEEE DEDEGEAADM EEYEESGLLE TDEATLDTRK IVEACKAKTD AGGEDAILQT RTYDLYITYD KYYQTPRLWL FGYDEQRQPL TVEHMYEDIS QDHVKKTVTI ENHPHLPPPP MCSVHPCRHA EVMKKIIETV AEGGGELGVH MYLLIFLKFV QAVIPTIEYD YTRHFTM.

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Atg3 Human
  • View Data Sheet

    Description:

    Autophagy Related 10 Human Recombinant

    Autophagy Related Protein 10, ATG10 Autophagy Related 10 Homolog (S. Cerevisiae), Ubiquitin-Like-Conjugating Enzyme ATG10, APG10 Autophagy 10-Like (S. Cerevisiae), APG10-Like, APG10L, Pp12616, DKFZP586I0418, FLJ13954, EC 6.3.2.-.

    Product # :

    PRO-1234

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    Description

    ATG10 Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single polypeptide chain containing 243 amino acids (1-220) and having a molecular mass of 27.7 kDa.ATG10 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

    Source

    E.coli.

    Formulation

    The ATG10 solution (1mg/1ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.1M NaCl, 1mM DTT and 10% glycerol.

    Purity

    Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

    More Info

    • Introduction

      Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 (ATG10) is a 220 amino acid protein which localizes to the cytoplasm and has a role in autophagy, specifically acting as an E2-like enzyme providing Atg recognition sites during autophagosome synthesis. ATG10 functions as an E2-like enzyme which catalyzes the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5, which is required for autophagy. In addition, ATG10 interacts with ATG12 in human embryonic kidney cells in the presence of ATG7. ATG10 probably serves as an ATG5-recognition molecule. Furthermore, ATG10 has a role in adenovirus-mediated cell lysis.

    • Synonyms

      Autophagy Related Protein 10, ATG10 Autophagy Related 10 Homolog (S. Cerevisiae), Ubiquitin-Like-Conjugating Enzyme ATG10, APG10 Autophagy 10-Like (S. Cerevisiae), APG10-Like, APG10L, Pp12616, DKFZP586I0418, FLJ13954, EC 6.3.2.-.

    • Physical Appearance

      Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

    • Stability

      Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

    • Amino Acid Sequence

      MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMEEDEFI GEKTFQRYCA EFIKHSQQIG DSWEWRPSKD CSDGYMCKIH FQIKNGSVMS HLGASTHGQT CLPMEEAFEL PLDDCEVIET AAASEVIKYE YHVLYSCSYQ VPVLYFRASF LDGRPLTLKD IWEGVHECYK MRLLQGPWDT ITQQEHPILG QPFFVLHPCK TNEFMTPVLK NSQKINKNVN YITSWLSIVG PVVGLNLPLS YAKATSQDER NVP

    ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

    Atg10 Human

About ATG / Autophagy Related:

Autophagy related protein, otherwise known as ATG, is involved in the regulation of dsDNA-induced innate immune responses, and is therefore a very important aspect to physiological immunity and wellbeing in all forms of life.

ATG Function & Structure
It has been shown that atg9a regulates membrane trafficking involved in the movement of STING and dsDNA-induced production of type I IFNs. In general, these autophagosomes target and subsequently take over bacteria-containing vacuoles in a manner which is recognized as STING-dependent. As such, they also mediate the auto lysosomal degradation of invading bacteria.
Similarly, these autophagosomes also target and engulf ubiquitinated ASC, which in turn allows them to mediate auto lysosomal degradation of the AIM2-inflammasome, which is a key way to suppress the dsDNA-induced production of any inflammatory cytokines. As you might imagine, it is therefore an important part of fighting for immunity in many physiological systems.

Autophagy Related Uses
When we look at how these might be used therapeutically, the potential looks very strong. One good example is with DNA vaccination, a method for protecting a given organism against microbial infection and a range of cancers, using the genetic injection of dsDNA encoding, a protein antigen can then effectively stimulate the humoral and cellular immune responses. At the same time, such DNA vaccination of this kind causes an activation of the STING–TBK1 signaling axis, which in turn induces acquired immune responses. The result is the generation of antigen-specific T cells and the further production of antigen-specific antibodies.