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SCG3 belongs to the chromogranin/secretogranin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. Though, the function of SCG3 is unknown, Granins operate as precursors for biologically active peptides. Several granins are known to serve as helper proteins in sorting and proteolytic processing of prohormones.

C8, a component of the complement system consists of three polypeptides C8A, C8B and C8G and takes part in the formation of Membrane Attack Complex (MAC). Patients with C8 deficiency are exposed to several bacteria infections. C8G, a member of the lipocalin family and calycin superfamily, is a secreted protein that can bind retinol. C8G is created in the liver, monocytes and fibroblast and has a role in clearing pathogens from an infected host.

CCL28 is part of the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. CCL28 shows chemotactic activity for resting CD4 or CD8 T cells and eosinophils. CCL28 binds to chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10. CCL28 is involved in the physiology of extracutaneous epithelial tissues, including diverse mucosal organs. CCL28 mediates mucosal immunity in HIV exposure and infection. CCL28 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
Human CCL28 cDNA encodes a 127 amino acid residue precursor protein with a putative 22 amino acid residue signal peptide that is cleaved to produce the 105 amino acid residue mature protein. Human and mouse CCL28 are highly conserved, sharing 83% amino acid identity in their mature regions. CCL28 shares the most homology with CCL27/CTACK. Human and mouse CCL28 RNA expression was found to be highest in normal and pathologic colon with the protein being expressed by epithelial cells. Human CCL28 RNA was also present in normal and asthmatic lung tissues.

Integrins are heterodimeric proteins consist of alpha and beta subunits. There are more than 18 alpha and 8 beta subunits discovered in mammals. Integrin family members are membrane receptors that participates in cell adhesion and recognition in a variety of processes including embryogenesis, hemostasis, tissue repair, immune response and metastatic diffusion of tumor cells. ITGB1 encodes a beta subunit.

Kallikrein-15 (KLK15) is one of the 15 kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. KLK15 contains numerous polyadenylation sites and alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. KLK15 is over expressed in prostate cancer and therefore uses as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for prostate cancer.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that was previously called GRO1 oncogene, Neutrophil-activating protein 3 (NAP-3) and melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha (MSGA-a). It is secreted by human melanoma cells, has mitogenic properties and is implicated in melanoma pathogenesis. CXCL1 is expressed by macrophages, neutrophilsand epithelial cells, and has neutrophil chemoattractant activity. CXCL1 plays a role in spinal cord development by inhibiting the migration of oligodendrocyte precursors and is involved in the processes of angiogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. This chemokine elicits its effects by signaling through the chemokine receptor CXCR2. The gene for CXCL1 is located on human chromosome 4 amongst genes for other CXC chemokines.

Colipase (CLPS) is a protein co-enzyme essential for optimal enzyme activity of pancreatic lipase. CLPS is secreted by the pancreas as an inactive form, procolipase, which is then activated in the intestinal lumen by trypsin. CLPS prevents the inhibitory effect of bile salts on the lipase-catalyzed intraduodenal hydrolysis of dietary long-chain triglycerides. CLPS allows lipase to anchor noncovalently to the surface of lipid micelles, counteracting the destabilizing influence of intestinal bile salts. CLPS binds to the C-terminal, non-catalytic domain of lipase, thus stabilizing an active conformation and significantly increasing the whole hydrophobic binding site.

Inducible T-Cell Costimulator Ligand also known as ICOSLG, is part of the B7 family of co-stimulatory molecules related to B7-1 and B7-2. ICOSLG is a transmembrane glycoprotein with extracellular IgV and IgC domains, in addition it binds to ICOS on activated T cells. The dependent signaling of ICOSLG takes part in a proliferative response.

C1QTNF6 is a collagen type-IV specific for basement membranes. C1QTNF6 is vital for embryonic development.

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having various physiological functions. Numerous kallikreins are involved in carcinogenesis. Kallikrein-11 (KLK11) which is a multifunctional protease is 1 of the 15 kallikrein subfamily members found in a cluster on chromosome 19. KLK11 cleaves synthetic peptides after arginine but not lysine residues.

MYC Induced Nuclear Antigen, also known as MINA is an oxygenase which can function both as a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase. MINA is involved in the demethylation of trimethylated Lys-9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3), leading to an increase in ribosomal RNA expression. MINA also catalyzes the hydroxylation of 60S ribosomal protein L27a on His-39. In addition, MINA plays a significant role in cell growth and survival. MINA is implicated in ribosome biogenesis, probably in the duration of the assembly process of pre-ribosomal particles.

ANXA2 is part of the annexin family and is involved in the regulation of cellular growth and in signal transduction pathways. ANXA2 protein functions as an autocrine factor which increases osteoclast formation and bone resorption. ANXA2 is associated with sickle cell osteonecrosis. Reduced ANXA2 expression is associated with osteosarcoma metastases. ANXA2 is part of the putative cell surface vitamin D binding protein binding site complex and functions to mediate the chemotactic cofactor effect. ANXA2 is involved in dysferlin deficiency and in muscular dystrophies. Human colon adenocarcinoma cell differentiation is related with an up-regulation of ANXA2.

Killer Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C, Member 1 (KLRC1) is a part of the killer cell lectin-like receptor family. KLRC1 functions as a receptor for the detection of MHC class I HLA-E molecules by NK cells and some cytotoxic T-cells. KLRC1 is also connects with CD94 and is expressed on NK cells and some activated T cell.

Major pollen allergen Aln g 1 (Aln G 1.0101) causes an allergic reaction in humans.

CA19-9 Cancer Antigen , aka CA19-9, is a cell surface glycoprotein complex most commonly associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
The immunohistologic distribution of CA19-9 in tissues is consistent with the quantitative determination of higher CA19-9 concentrations in cancer than in normal or inflamed tissues. CA19-9 Cancer Antigen is a tumour marker raised in blood of patients with carcinoma of the gastro-intestinal tract.
A declining Cancer Antigen CA19-9 value may be indicative of a favorable prognosis and good response to treatment.

Complement Factor Properdin (CFP) which is a plasma glycoprotein, is a positive regulator of the alternative complement pathway of the innate immune system. CFP binds and stabilizes the C3- and C5-convertase enzyme complexes in a feedback loop that eventually ends with formation of the membrane attack complex and lysis of the target cell. Mutations in CFP lead to 2 forms of properdin deficiency that cause high susceptibility to meningococcal infections.

C1s enzyme (a subunit of the C1 complex) is the activated form of C1s proenzyme which is the first complement component in the classical pathway of complement. C1s proenzyme is an inactive zymogen until C1 is activated. C1 is a non-covalent calcium-dependent complex containing1 C1q, 2 C1r and 2 C1s molecules.The binding of multiple arms to immune complexes causesthe production of 2 proteases that cleave and activate the 2 C1s protease zymogens in the complex by the C1r proteins. This activation of C1s proenzyme results in its cleavage into 2 C1s chains of 58,000 and 28,000 Dalton.

Native human C4 is aglycosylated polypeptide containing 3 disulfide-linked chains. C4 is essential to the activation of both thelectin and the classical pathways of complement activation.Initiation of each pathway generates proteolytic enzyme complexes which are bound to the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C4 releasing the anaphylatoxin C4a and activating C4b. Like C3, the thioester of metastable C4b is highly reactive and is capable of reacting and covalently coupling C4b to amino or hydroxyl groups on the target surface. C4A and C4B are 2 variants of C4 that are common in manwhereas, in animals who have only 1 type usually have C4B.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as Monokine induced by gamma INF (MIG). CXCL9 is a T-cell chemoattractant, which is induced by IFN-?. It is closely related to two other CXC chemokines called CXCL10 and CXCL11, whose genes are located near the gene for CXCL9 on human chromosome 4. CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 all elicit their chemotactic functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CXCR3.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as EBI1 ligand chemokine (ELC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-3-beta (MIP-3-beta). CCL19 is expressed abundantly in thymus and lymph nodes, with moderate levels in trachea and colon and low levels in stomach, small intestine, lung, kidney and spleen. The gene for CCL19 is located on human chromosome 9. This chemokine elicits its effects on its target cells by binding to the chemokine receptor chemokine receptor CCR7. It attracts certain cells of the immune system, including dendritic cells and antigen-engaged B cells.

Btc is a potent mitogen for retinal pigment epithelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The effects of betacellulin are probably mediated by the egf receptor and other related receptors.

H1N1 is a subtype specie of Influenza A virus. H1N1 Influenza Virus has mutated into various strains such as the Spanish Flu strain, mild human flu strains, endemic pig strains, and various strains found in birds.
The Influenza A Virus is a globular particle about 100nm in diameter, sheathed in a lipid bilayer derived from the plasma membrane of its host. Studded in the lipid bilayer are two integral membrane proteins some 500 molecules of hemagglutinin ("H") and some 100 molecules of neuraminidase ("N"). Within the lipid bilayer are 3000 molecules of matrix protein and 8 pieces of RNA. Each of the 8 RNA molecules is associated with many copies of a nucleoprotein, several molecules of the three subunits of its RNA polymerase some "non-structural" protein molecules of uncertain function.

KLK2 is a part of the grandular kallikrein protein family whose Members are engaged in a diverse array of biological functions. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases which are clustered on chromosome 19. KLK2 is a highly active trypsin-like serine protease which selectively cleaves at arginine remains. KLK2 is mostly expressed in prostatic tissue and is accountable for cleaving pro-prostate-specific antigen into its enzymatically active form. KLK2 is greatly expressed in prostate tumor cells and may possibly be a prognostic maker for prostate cancer risk.

Kallikrein-3 (KLK3) belongs to the kallikrein-related peptidase family. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having various physiological functions. Numerous kallikreins are involved in carcinogenesis and some may be prospective cancer and other disease biomarkers. Kallikrein-3 is 1 of the 15 kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19 and is a protease present in seminal plasma. KLK3 hydrolyzes semenogelin-1 consequently leading to the liquefaction of the seminal coagulum. KLK3 is assumed to act normally in the liquefaction of seminal coagulum, probably by hydrolysis of the high molecular mass seminal vesicle protein. Serum level of the KLK3 protein, called PSA in the clinical setting, is beneficial in the diagnosis and monitoring of prostatic carcinoma.