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Adiponectin, also referred to as Acrp30, AdipoQ and GBP-28, is a recently discovered 244 amino acid protein, the product of the apM1 gene, which is physiologically active and specifically and highly expressed in adipose cells (Adipokine). The protein belongs to the soluble defense collagen super family; it has a collagen-like domain structurally homologous with collagen VIII and X and complement factor C1q-like globular domain. APM-1 forms homotrimers, which are the building blocks for higher order complexes found circulating in serum.

STBD1 has one carbohydrate binding type-20 (CBM20) domain and has the ability to bind to carbohydrates. STBD1 is highly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles.

STAR facilitates the fast increase in pregnenolone synthesis stimulated by tropic hormones. STAR increases pregnenolone synthesis more than four-fold and a major STAR transcription of 1.6 kb is observed in ovary and testis. Throughout the growth and differentiation period of the ovary follicle, the immunoreactivity is likely to move from the granulosa cells of early antral follicles to the theca cell layers in the adult.

Ubiquitin thioesterase OTUB2 (OTUB2) is a member of the peptidase C65 family. OTUB2 functions as a hydrolase which can remove conjugated ubiquitin from proteins in vitro and may thus play a key regulatory role at the level of protein turnover by preventing degradation.

Complement Component C5a (C5a) is involved in the complement system and it is encoded by the C5 gene in human. Complement C5 is cleaved into C5a and C5b. C5a has an imperative role in chemotaxis and C5b forms the 1st part of the complement membrane attack complex. Complement C5 is the 5th component of complement, which plays a central role in inflammatory and cell killing processes. C5a protein is composed of alpha and beta polypeptide chains, which are linked by a disulfide bridge. An activation peptide, C5a, which is an anaphylatoxin, which has potent spasmogenic and chemotactic activity, is derivative from the alpha polypeptide via cleavage with a convertase. The C5b macromolecular cleavage product forms a complex with the C6 complement component, and this complex is the basis for creation of the membrane attack complex, which includes supplementary complement components.

DnaJ (Hsp40) Homolog, Subfamily C, Member 27 (DNAJC27) which contains one J domain is a part of the small GTPase superfamily. DNAJC27 is a GTPase which activates the MEK/ERK pathway and induces cell transformation when overexpressed.

Adipogenesis Associated, Mth938 Domain Containing, also known as AAMDC is a member of the AAMDC family and takes part in preadipocyte differentiation andadipogenesis.

HD Domain Containing 2, also known as HDDC2 is a member of the HDDC2 family. HDDC2 is an enzyme which contains one HD domain and it is expected to exhibit phosphohydrolase activity. It has been proposed that HDDC2 takes part in nucleic acid metabolism, signal transduction and possibly other functions in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. The HD domain consists of highly conserved residues, in particular histidines or aspartates. Porphyria cutanea tarda, Parkinson’s disease and Stickler syndrome have all been related with HDDC2.

PQBP1 is a transcription repressor which is connected to polyglutamine tract-containing transcription regulators and connective genes for neurodegenerative disorders. PQBP1 is restricts to the nucleus and can be found in neurons all over the brain, with high levels in hippocampus, olfactory bulb and cerebellar cortex. PQBP1 holds a WWP/WW domain that binds proline-rich motifs and a C2 domain which is able to stimulate Ca2+-dependent phospholipid signaling.

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Isoform-1 is an Fe-containing enzyme, which catalyzes the second reaction in the catabolism of tyrosine the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate. Present as a homodimer, HPD uses zinc as a cofactor to catalyze the third step in the conversion of L-phenylalanine to fumarate and acetoacetic acid. Flaws in the gene encoding HPD result in tyrosinemia type 3 and hawkinsinuria, two inborn defects of metabolism which are related to a number of symptoms, like mental retardation and seizures and hair and urine abnormalities.

KH homology domain containing 1-like, also known as KHDC1L is a member of the KHDC1 family.KHDC1L is a protein-coding gene; an important paralog of this gene is KHDC1.

Putative peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase PTRHD1 (PTRHD1) is a 140 amino acid protein, which is encoded by a gene located on human chromosome 2p23.3. Chromosome 2 is the second largest human chromosome; it consists of 237 million bases, encodes over 1,400 genes and makes up approximately 8% of the human genome. Several genetic diseases are linked to genes on chromosome 2.

KH Domain RNA Binding also known as QKI is a RNA-binding protein which regulates pre-mRNA splicing, export of mRNAs from the nucleus, protein translation, and mRNA stability. QKI is involved inmyelinization and oligodendrocyte differentiation, and it may play a role in schizophrenia. Defects or deletions in the QKI are linked with astrocytic tumors and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Among the diseases associated with QKI are 6q terminal deletion syndrome, and schizophrenia.

Set 7/9 is a histone methyltransferase (HMTase) that transfers methyl groups to Lys4 of histone H3, in complex with S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet). The methylation of lysine residues of histones plays a critical role in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression.
Acetylation, phosphorylation and methylation of the amino-terminal tails of histone are thought to be involved in the regulation of chromatin structure and function. The enzymes identified in the methylation of specific lysine residue on histones belong to the SET family with just one exception. Set7/9, unlike most other SET proteins, is exclusively a mono-methylase.

Zinc Finger, AN1-Type Domain 5, also known as ZFAND5 is implicated in protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. ZFAND5 performs by anchoring ubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome and takes part in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation during muscle atrophy. Furthemore, ZFAND5 plays a role in the regulation of NF-kappa-B activation as well as apoptosis. ZFAND5 inhibits NF-kappa-B activation as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1 and TLR4-induced NF-kappa-B activation.

Cytohesin 1 also known as CYTH1 belongs to the PSCD family. CYTH1 is responsible for promoting guanine-nucleotide exchange on ARF1 and ARF5 and also promotes the activation of ARF factors by the replacement of GDP with GTP.

Fibronectin Leucine Rich Transmembrane Protein 2 or FLRT2 is a glycoprotein, part of the 3 FLRT glycoproteins (fibronectin, leucine rich repeat, transmembrane). This protein can be found in apparent areas of the brain and additional tissues. The genes of FLRT1 & FLRT3 extracellular domain has about 47% similarity to FLRT2. A domain of fibronectin in FLRT1, FLRT3 & FLRT2 can be bound to epidermal growth factor receptors.

SCP2 sterol-binding domain containing 1 also known as SCP2D1 contains 1 SCP2 domain. One of the diseases associated with SCP2D1 is d-bifunctional protein deficiency.

GLOD4 is a part of the glyoxalase system which is a group of enzymes that is in charge of the detoxification of methylglyoxal and other reactive aldehydes that are usually produced in metabolism. The mitochondrial protein GLOD4 is known to interact with NUDT9.

Egl Nine Homolog 3 (EGLN3) belongs to the EGLN family of prolyl hydroxylases. EGLN3 catalyzes hydroxylation of the ? subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor-?, which targets hypoxia-inducible factor-? for ubiquitination by a ubiquitin ligase complex containing the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor. EGLN3 is the most significant isozyme in limiting physiological activation of HIFs (especially HIF2A) in hypoxia. EGLN3 is activated in cardiovascular cells and Hela cells after exposure to hypoxia. In addition, EGLN3 hydroxylates PKM2 in hypoxia, thus limiting glycolysis. Under normoxia, EGLN3 hydroxylates and regulates the stability of ADRB2. EGLN3 is inhibited by polynitrogen compounds possibly by chelation to Fe2+ ions.

Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 (HAVCR2) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. HACVR2 controls macrophage activation. HACVR2 inhibits T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1)-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and stimulates immunological tolerance.

LIN28 plays an important role as a 'translational enhancer', leading specific mRNAs to polysomes and therefore increasing the competence of protein synthesis. LIN28 is a marker of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells and it enhances the efficiency of the formation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human fibroblasts. LIN28 binds to the let-7 pre-miRNA and blocks production of the mature let-7 microRNA in mouse embryonic stem cells. Overexpression of LIN28 is associated with human germ-cell tumors.