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What is the molecular weight/Mw of BLYS Protein?
BLYS Protein has a total Mw of 19kDa.

What is the source or expression system of BLYS Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of BLYS Protein?
BLYS Protein is >97% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of BLYS Protein?
The activity is determined by dose-dependent stimulation of proliferation B cell from Human PBMC. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT method.

What is the amino acid sequence of BLYS Protein?
HHHHHHHHHH AVQGPEETVT QDCLQLIADS ETPTIQKGSY TFVPWLLSFK RGSALEEKEN KILVKETGYF FIYGQVLYTD KTYAMGHLIQ RKKVHVFGDE LSLVTLFRCI QNMPETLPNN SCYSAGIAKL EEGDELQLAI PRENAQISLD GDVTFFGALK LL

What applications can BLYS Protein be used in?
BLYS Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for BLYS Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, BLYS Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Illuminating Epidermal Growth Factor Rat Recombinant: Deciphering Cellular Signaling and Therapeutic Potential

Abstract:

This research paper delves into the enigmatic realm of Epidermal Growth Factor Rat Recombinant (EGF-RR), unraveling its intricate molecular attributes, signaling cascades, and therapeutic prospects. By employing cutting-edge methodologies encompassing protein expression, receptor binding assays, and bioinformatics analyses, this study sheds light on the multifaceted interplay between EGF-RR and cellular responses, offering novel avenues for therapeutic interventions.

Introduction:

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is pivotal in cellular regulation. This paper navigates the complexities of Epidermal Growth Factor Rat Recombinant (EGF-RR), focusing on its unique molecular properties and potential therapeutic applications.

Protein Expression and Purification:

The study embarks on precise gene optimization to enhance EGF-RR expression. Purification techniques like affinity chromatography yield purified EGF-RR, primed for subsequent analyses.

Receptor Binding Assays and Ligand Interaction:

Employing advanced receptor binding assays, the paper deciphers EGF-RR's engagement with its cognate receptor. Quantitative assessments uncover binding kinetics, shedding light on the intricacies of EGF-RR's molecular interaction.

Cellular Signaling Pathways and Responses:

In vitro cellular assays unveil the signaling cascades ignited by EGF-RR. Through quantitative phosphoproteomic profiling, the study unravels phosphorylation events triggered by EGF-RR, delineating its role in cellular proliferation, migration, and differentiation.

Bioinformatics Insights and Structural Modeling:

Bioinformatics tools facilitate molecular dynamics simulations, offering insights into EGF-RR's receptor interactions and downstream signaling pathways. Structural modeling captures EGF-RR's conformational changes during signaling cascades.

Therapeutic Implications and Future Prospects:

EGF-RR's intricate signaling dynamics open avenues for therapeutic exploration. Harnessing its potential in wound healing, tissue regeneration, and cancer modulation emerges as a promising avenue for precision medicine.

Challenges and Future Directions:

Challenges, including context-specific responses, beckon further investigation. Future research should delve into cross-talk between signaling pathways and EGF-RR's contributions to diverse disease contexts.

Conclusion:

A fusion of advanced methodologies and visionary insights unveils Epidermal Growth Factor Rat Recombinant as an intriguing subject. Its molecular intricacies and complex cellular interplay ignite prospects for therapeutic breakthroughs, ushering in a new era of precision medicine.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of EGFL6 HUMAN Protein?
EGFL6 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 40-55kDa.

What is the source or expression system of EGFL6 HUMAN Protein?
HEK (Human embryonic kidney cells).

What is the Purity of EGFL6 HUMAN Protein?
EGFL6 HUMAN Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of EGFL6 HUMAN Protein?
EGFL6 activity is determined by its ability of the immobilized protein to support the adhesion of NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. The expected ED50 for this effect is 1-5 μg/ml.

What is the amino acid sequence of EGFL6 HUMAN Protein?
EGFL6 HUMAN Protein is composed from 348 amino acids.

What applications can EGFL6 HUMAN Protein be used in?
EGFL6 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for EGFL6 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, EGFL6 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

PDGF BB HUMAN: Overview of Its Production, Properties, and Clinical Significance

PDGF BB HUMAN, standing for Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB, is a powerful protein in the field of medical research, particularly in cell growth and healing. This growth factor plays a crucial role in the development and repair of tissues by stimulating cells primarily of mesenchymal origin.

Characteristics and Production

PDGF is produced as a recombinant protein in E. coli. It presents as a homodimer consisting of two identical polypeptide chains, each containing 109 amino acids, culminating in a total molecular mass of 24.3 kDa. The production process ensures a high-purity product, which is essential for reliable scientific results.

Physical Properties and Formulation

This growth factor appears as a white, sterile, lyophilized powder. It is formulated in a buffered solution (PBS, pH 7.4) and then filtered to ensure sterility and purity, essential for laboratory use. The formulation process is designed to maintain the stability and activity of the protein under various research conditions.

Solubility and Storage Instructions

PDGF BB is recommended to be reconstituted in sterile water to achieve a concentration of no less than 100µg/ml. This solution can then be diluted further to meet experimental needs.

Once reconstituted, the protein should be stored at 4°C for short-term use (2-7 days) and below -18°C for long-term storage. Avoiding freeze-thaw cycles is crucial to preserve its biological activities.

Stability and Purity

The lyophilized form of PDGF BB remains stable at room temperature for up to three weeks but requires desiccation for longer storage.

Moreover, the purity of this growth factor exceeds 95%, as confirmed by rigorous testing, including RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE, ensuring that researchers receive a highly effective product.

Research Applications

PDGF BB HUMAN is widely used in laboratory research to explore various biological processes, including wound healing, angiogenesis, and the development of certain types of cancers. It is also instrumental in studying the cellular mechanisms underlying tissue repair and regeneration.

Biological Activity

The effectiveness of PDGF BB is measured by its ability to stimulate the proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells, with an effective dose (ED50) ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 ng/ml. This high level of activity underscores its utility in promoting cell growth, making it an invaluable tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Usage Guidelines

It is important to note that PDGF BB HUMAN is intended solely for laboratory research and is not suitable for drug, food, or cosmetic applications. Researchers must handle this growth factor under controlled conditions to ensure safety and efficacy.

Essentially, PDGF BB is a pivotal component in the toolkit of biomedical researchers, offering profound insights into cellular processes and potential therapeutic approaches. Also, its well-defined properties and controlled production make it a staple in studies focused on cell growth and tissue repair.

Before it was discovered in 2000, there was a hypothesis that a similar type of protein existed that performed many of the functions we see in FGF23. This was originally referred to as phosphatonin. Various effects were described and noted by researchers including inhibition of production and inhibition of secretion of parathyroid hormone. Derived from the bone Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 is a phosphaturic hormone. It increases phosphate excretion when acting on the kidney and also suppresses the biosynthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3.

Mechanism
Despite various research studies into the topic, many of the mechanisms for the regulations of FGF23 production remain a mystery to the scientific community. While we know that mutations in PHEX, ENPP1 and DMP1 result in the increased expression of FGF23, it is unclear why this occurs. This also means that currently, it is not possible to regulate the production of FGF23 either. We also do not know how signals from FGF23 regulate vitamin D metabolism. However, understanding these types of mechanisms could offer information needed to provide better treatment for deranged bone and mineral metabolism.

Interactions
Molecular interactions involving FGF-23, vitamin D and klotho do provide the solution needed to regulate phosphate levels within the body. Furthermore, an interaction between Vitamin D and FGF3 can have an impact on renal phosphate balance. As well as this, when in the presence of klotho, FGF3 does actually increase bioactivity and begins to change systemic phosphate homeostasis.

Function
Based on research it seems that the main function for FGF23 is the regulation of phosphate concentration in plasma. It seems to be secreted from the osteocytes due to elevated levels . When acting upon the kidneys, the hormone reduces the expression of NPT2. This is a sodium-phosphate cotransporter found in the proximal tube.
As such, it appears as though FGF23 is able to reduce the reabsorption, all the while maxing the excretion of phosphate. It has also been suggested that the hormone is able to suppress 1-alpha-hydroxylase. If this is the case, it can limit its potential to activate vitamin D and thus impair the ability for calcium absorption.

Structure
FGF243 is located on the chromosome 12. It is composed of three exons. The crystal structure of FGF23 is completely different from the common conformation typically adopted by paracrine-acting FGFs. Instead, there is a conformation of the HPR region between beta strands 10 and 12. As well as this, there is a cleft between the other HPR-binding region, the beta1-beta12 loop and this one. This comes before a direct interaction between HPR sulfate and FGF23s backbone atoms. Due to this, endocrine function is benefitted and HPR-binding affinity is reduced for the lipangs.
Certain mutations that cause the protein to be completely resistant to proteolytic cleavage does trigger a surge in activity of the protein and the renal phosphate loss typically found in certain human diseases including hypophosphatemic rickets.
Studies have also revealed that FGF23 is overproduced in certain tumors including phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors. Furthermore a reduced level of activity for this protein is believed to lead to higher phosphate levels and familial tumor calcinosis clinical syndrome.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF23 HUMAN Protein?
FGF23 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 22.5kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF23 HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FGF23 HUMAN Protein?
FGF23 HUMAN Protein is >95X% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF23 HUMAN Protein?
The biological activity of FGF-23 was measured in a cell proliferation assay using NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.05-0.5µg/ml in the presence of 5µg/ml of Recombinant Mouse Klotho and 10 µg/ml of HPR.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF23 HUMAN Protein?
MYPNASPLLG SSWGGLIHLY TATARNSYHL QIHKNGHVDG APHQTIYSAL MIRSEDAGFV VITGVMSRRY LCMDFRGNIF GSHYFDPENC RFQHQTLENG YDVYHSPQYH FLVSLGRAKR AFLPGMNPPP YSQFLSRRNE IPLIHFNTPI PRRHTRSAED DSERDPLNVL KPRARMTPAP ASCSQELPSA EDNSPMASDP LGVVRGGRVN THAGGTGPEG CRPFAKFI.

What applications can FGF23 HUMAN Protein be used in?
FGF23 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF23 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF23 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF 2 HUMAN, PLANT Protein?
FGF 2 HUMAN, PLANT Protein has a total Mw of 17kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF 2 HUMAN, PLANT Protein?
Rice Grain (Oryza Sativa).

What is the Purity of FGF 2 HUMAN, PLANT Protein?
FGF 2 HUMAN, PLANT Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF 2 HUMAN, PLANT Protein?
The ED50, as calculated by the dose-dependent proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells expressing FGF receptors is <1 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of >1 x106 Units/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF 2 HUMAN, PLANT Protein?
FGF 2 HUMAN, PLANT Protein is composed from 146 amino acids.

What applications can FGF 2 HUMAN, PLANT Protein be used in?
FGF 2 HUMAN, PLANT Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF 2 HUMAN, PLANT Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF 2 HUMAN, PLANT Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF19 HUMAN,HEK Protein?
FGF19 HUMAN,HEK Protein has a total Mw of 23kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF19 HUMAN,HEK Protein?
HEK293 cells.

What is the Purity of FGF19 HUMAN,HEK Protein?
FGF19 HUMAN,HEK Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF19 HUMAN,HEK Protein?
The biological functionality of FGF19 HUMAN,HEK Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF19 HUMAN,HEK Protein?
DGSHMRPLAF SDAGPHVHYG WGDPIRLRHL YTSGPHGLSS CFLRIRADGV VDCARGQSAH SLLEIKAVAL RTVAIKGVHS VRYLCMGADG KMQGLLQYSE EDCAFEEEIR PDGYNVYRSE KHRLPVSLSS AKQRQLYKNR GFLPLSHFLP MLPMVPEEPE DLRGHLESDM FSSPLETDSM DPFGLVTGLE AVRSPSFEKH HHHHH

What applications can FGF19 HUMAN,HEK Protein be used in?
FGF19 HUMAN,HEK Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF19 HUMAN,HEK Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF19 HUMAN,HEK Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

TGFB3 (207 a.a.) Human

About TGFB3 (207 a.a.) Human:

Transforming growth factor beta-3 (also known as TGF-β3) is a cytokine encoded by the TGFB3 gene that belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. It plays a significant role in cell differentiation, embryogenesis, and development by regulating molecules involved in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix formation. TGF-β3 is necessary for palate development, as its absence causes clefting. In addition, it controls lung development and wound healing processes by regulating cell adhesion and movement in the respective tissues. Together, TGF-β3 coordinates a variety of cellular processes that are critical for mammalian embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. In this article we will explore the features and applications of TGFB3 Human Recombinant Protein, expanding on its significance in in advanced research pursuits.

Description:

TGFB3 Human Recombinant protein encodes amino acids 644-850 and total molecular mass of 50 kDa (Including GST Tag). As TGFB3 Human derives from Escherichia Coli, it appears as a sterile filtered clear solution and is formulated as 100µl of purified human TGF Beta 3 protein at 100µg/ml. In addition, its protein is formulated in a solution comprising 50mM Tris-Acetate (pH 7.5), 1mM EDTA, and 20% Glycerol. In terms of stability, TGF-beta 3 Human Recombinant is stable at 4°C for up to a week. However, it is preferable to store at -20°C. However, if you are looking to store it for a long term it is preferable to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).

Activation:

While TGF-β plays a crucial role regulating essential cell functions, its activation pathways is still being explored and understood. Some pathways are specific to certain cells or tissues, while others are more widespread. Factors like proteases, integrins, pH, and reactive oxygen species can activate TGF-β. Disruptions in these factors can lead to uncontrolled TGF-β signaling, causing issues like inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.

Applications and Usage:

TGFB3 (207 a.a.) Human is intended for laboratory research, serving as an important tool in stem cell differentiation as well as T-cell regulation and differentiation. Accordingly, its versatility extends to applications such as ELISA, Western Blotting, and Inhibition Assays, offering different avenues for discovery and research.

Safety Information:

TGFB3 (207 a.a.) Human is intended for use only in laboratory research, in accordance with safety guidelines. It emphasizes adherence to ethical and regulatory norms and is not intended for use as household chemicals, pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, or food additives.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of FGF 1 Protein?
FGF 1 Protein has a total Mw of 18kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FGF 1 Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of FGF 1 Protein?
FGF 1 Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FGF 1 Protein?
The biological functionality of FGF 1 Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of FGF 1 Protein?
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MFNLPLGNYK KPKLLYCSNG GHFLRILPDG TVDGTRDRSD QHIQLQLSAE SAGEVYIKGT ETGQYLAMDT EGLLYGSQTP NEECLFLERL EENHYNTYTS KKHAEKNWFV GLKKNGSCKR GPRTHYGQKA ILFLPLPVSS D.

What applications can FGF 1 Protein be used in?
FGF 1 Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FGF 1 Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FGF 1 Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of HDGF2 HUMAN Protein?
HDGF2 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 25.1kDa.

What is the source or expression system of HDGF2 HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of HDGF2 HUMAN Protein?
HDGF2 HUMAN Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of HDGF2 HUMAN Protein?
The biological functionality of HDGF2 HUMAN Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of HDGF2 HUMAN Protein?
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSHMARPRP REYKAGDLVF AKMKGYPHWP ARIDELPEGA VKPPANKYPI FFFGTHETAF LGPKDLFPYK EYKDKFGKSN KRKGFNEGLW EIENNPGVKF TGYQAIQQQS SSETEGEGGN TADASSEEEG DRVEEDGKGK RKNEKAGSKR KKSYTSKKSS
KQSRKSPGDE DDKDCKEEEN KSSSEGGDAG NDTRNTTSDL QKTSEGT.

What applications can HDGF2 HUMAN Protein be used in?
HDGF2 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for HDGF2 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, HDGF2 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.