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Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3F, also known as EIF3F belongs to the eIF-3 subunit F family. EIF3F is a component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which isessential for several steps in the initiation of protein synthesis. The eIF-3 complex associates with the 40S ribosomeand facilitates the recruitment of eIF-1, eIF-1A, eIF 2: GTP: methionyl-tRNAi and eIF-5 to form the 43S preinitiationcomplex (43S PIC). In addition, the eIF-3 complex stimulates mRNA recruitment to the 43S PIC and scanning of the mRNA forAUG recognition. The eIF-3 complex is also necessary for disassembly and recycling of post termination ribosomalcomplexes and subsequently prevents premature union of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits prior to initiation. Among the diseases associated with EIF3F are intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma.

TNFRSF17 is a receptor for tnfsf13b/blys/baff and tnfsf13/april. TNFRSF17 promotes b-cell survival and plays a role in the regulation of humoral immunity. TNFRSF17 activates nf-kappa-b and jnk. TNFRSF17 is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. TNFRSF17 is expressed in mature B lymphocytes, and is invloved in B cell development and autoimmune response. TNFRSF17 specifically binds to the tumor TNFSF13B/TALL-1/BAFF, which causes NF-kappaB and MAPK8/JNK activation. TNFRSF17 binds to a variety of TRAF family members, and therefore transduces signals for cell survival and proliferation. TNFRSF17 is a type III membrane protein having 1 extracellular cysteine rich domain. Within the TNFRSF, it shares the highest homology with TACI. BCMA and TACI have both been shown to bind to APRIL and BAFF, members of the TNF ligand superfamily. BCMA expression has been found in immune organs. TNFRSF17 appears to be localized to the Golgi compartment. The binding of BCMA to APRIL or BAFF has been shown to stimulate IgM production in peripheral blood B cells and increase the survival of cultured B cells.

GGCT is a member of the family of transferases, specifically the aminoacyltransferases. GGCT protein catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and takes an important part in glutathione homeostasis. GGCT induces release of cytochrome c from mitochondria with resultant induction of apoptosis.

TNFRSF14, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is a type I transmembrane protein. TNFRSF14 is expressed in peripheral blood T cells, B cells, monocytes and in various tissues enriched in lymphoid cells. TNFRSF14 operates as a co-stimulatory factor for the activation of lymphoid cells and as a deterrent to infection by herpesvirus. Additionally, TNFRSF14 encourages the proliferation of T cells, and triggers apoptosis of various tumor cells.

Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor or GDNF is part of the GDNF group of ligands proteins. GDNF has a crucial part in numerous cell mechanisms such as neurite outgrowth, cell differentiation, cell survival and migration of cells. GDNF enhances neurons survival via GFRa receptors (mainly GFRa1). The mentioned neurons can die as a result from Parkinson's disease or ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This protein takes part in the development of the spermatogenesis & kidney, also, it has a role in alcohol metabolism as ameliorating.

Transferrin is the iron-transport protein of vertebrate serum and donates iron to cells through interaction with a specific membrane receptor, CD71. Transferrin appears to be indispensable for most cells growing in tissue culture.
It is referred to frequently as a growth factor because, in analogy to other growth factor-receptor interactions, proliferating cells express high numbers of transferrin receptors, and the binding of transferrin to their receptors is needed for cells to initiate and maintain their DNA synthesis. Apart from its role as an iron transport protein transferrin acts as a cytokine and has functions that may not be related to its iron-carrying capacity.
Bovine Transferrin is a crucial component for the cultivation of mammalian cells in- vitro. Bovine Transferrin is Critical for long-term cells growth in-vitro. Bovine Transferrin is used as detoxificant in media by binding contaminating metal ions. Bovine Transferrin is often used as a nutrient in fermentation media for recombinant protein and biopharmaceutical production. Additional common uses of Bovine Transferrin are Molecular weight, Affinity purification of anti-human transferrin antibodies and also as receptor mediated transfection of molecules such as DNA, into cells.

The gene for TNFRSF12A was initially recognized as a fibroblast growth factor inducible immediate early response gene Fn14 in mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Human TNFRSF12A cDNA encodes a 129 amino acid residue type I transmembrane protein with a 27 aa signal peptide, a 53 aa extracellular domain, a 21 aa transmembrane domain and a 28 aa cytoplasmic domain. Human and mouse TNFRSF12A hold 82% aa sequence identity. TNFRSF12 is the tiniest member of the TNF receptor superfamily and has only one cysteine rich region in its extracellular domain. The TNFRSF12A cytoplasmic domain holds one TRAF binding motif which binds TRAFs 1, 2, and 3. TNFRSF12A binds its ligand TWEAK/TNFSF12A with high affinity to initiate a signal transduction cascade which subject to the cell type, causes different cellular responses such as cell death, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis.