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CD5 is a suitable immunohistochemical marker for T-cells, though not as sensitive as CD3. Approximately 76% of T-cell neoplasms are reported to express CD5, and it is also observed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and mantle cell lymphoma cells. CD5 is commonly lost in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and its deficiency can be used as an indicator of malignancy in this condition. CD5’s absence in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, though relatively rare, is linked with a poor prognosis. CD5 serves as a receptor in regulating T-cell proliferation.

CD58 is part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD58 is a ligand of the T lymphocyte CD2 protein, and is invloved in adhesion and activation of T lymphocytes. CD58 is localized to the plasma membrane.

CD47, functions in cell adhesions by performing as an adhesion receptor for THBS1 on platelets, furthermore CD47 plays a role in the modulation of integrins. In addition, CD47 takes a vital part in memory formation as well as synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Receptor for SIRPA avoids maturation of immature dendritic cells and inhibits cytokine production by mature dendritic cells. CD47 prevents premature elimination of red blood cells, and it is also implicated in membrane permeability changes induced following virus infection.

CD59 is a cell surface glycoprotein which regulates complement-mediated cell lysis, and it is involved in lymphocyte signal transduction. CD59 is an effective inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex, whereby it binds complement C8 and/or C9 during the compilation of this complex, thus inhibiting the incorporation of multiple copies of C9 into the complex, which is essential for osmolytic pore formation. In addition, CD59 has a role in signal transduction pathways in the activation of T cells. CD59 gene mutations cause CD59 deficiency, a disease resulting in hemolytic anemia and thrombosis, and which causes cerebral infarction.

T-cell antigen CD7 (CD7) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed on pluripotential hemapoietic cells, nearly all human thymocytes and some peripheral blood T cells. The CD7 molecule is missing in a subset of human T cells under some physiologic conditions. An increase in CD7 negative T cells can be observed in a number of inflammatory skin diseases.

CD84 belongs to the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family which forms a subset of the greater CD2 cell-surface receptor Ig superfamily. CD84, a membrane glycoprotein, is a homophilic adhesion molecule found in various immune cells types and takes part in regulating receptor-mediated signaling in those cells.

CD9 which is found on the surface of exosomes is a cell surface glycoprotein which interacts with integrins and various transmembrane superfamily proteins. CD9 is involved in platelet activation and aggregation and also regulates paranodal junction formation. CD9 takes part in cell adhesion and migration and also promotes muscle cell fusion. CD9 is necessary for the egg-sperm fusion during mammalian fertilization.

CD160 antigen (CD160) is a human natural killer (NK)-cell-activating receptor which is also expressed on T-cell subsets. CD160 is a tumor-specific antigen known to mediate cellular activation signals in CLL, and is a novel target for therapeutic manipulation and monitoring of minimal residual disease. CD160 was identified as a T cell coinhibitory molecule which interacts with the herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) on antigen-presenting cells to deliver a potent inhibitory signal to CD4(+) T cells. CD160 expression is strongly associated with peripheral blood NK cells and CD8 T lymphocytes with cytolytic effector activity. CD160 is expressed on all intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. CD160 has a broad specificity for binding to both classical and nonclassical MHC class I molecules.

CD14 (also known lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor) is expressed strongly on monocytes and macrophage and weakly on the surface of neutrophils. CD14 is anchored to cells by linkage to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and functions as a high affinity receptor for complexes of LPS and LPS binding protein (LBP). Soluble CD14, also binding to LPS, acts at physiological concentration as an LPS agonist and has, at higher concentrations, an LPS antagonizing effect in cell activation. CD14 has been shown to bind apoptotic cells.

Membrane cofactor protein isoform 14 (CD46), is a type I membrane protein which has cofactor activity for inactivation of complement components C3b and C4b by serum factor I. This function resides in the complement control protein repeats (CCPs), with CCP1–4 vital for regulation. CD46 is also involved in the fusion of the spermatozoa with the oocyte during fertilization. CD46 is common in thymocytes, T cells, B cells, monocytes, granulocytes, NK cells, platelets, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, placenta and sperm.

CKS2 protein binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is necessary for their biological function. The CKS2 mRNA is expressed in various patterns through the cell cycle in HeLa cells, which shows spcific role for the encoded protein. CKS2 (CDC28) Protein kinase 2 binds to the catalytic subunit of cyclin-dependent kinases and has thus in involved in cell cycle regulation. CKS2 is required for the first metaphase/anaphase transition during the meiosis. An increase in expression of CKS2 protects the cells from apoptosis. CKS2 is essential during early embryogenesis and cell cycle progression in somatic cells.

CD31 is a glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells, platelets, macrophages and Kupffer cells, granulocytes, T / NK cells, lymphocytes, megakaryocytes, fibroblasts, osteoclasts, neutrophils. In humans, the gene encoding CD31 is found on chromosome 17.
CD31 is a cluster of differentiation molecule. It is also called PECAM-1 for platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule. It plays a key role in removing aged neutrophils from the body. Both the neutrophil and the macrophage express CD31 on their membranes, and during the testing process, these CD31 molecules bind the two cells together. If the neutrophil is healthy, it will send a signal to the macrophage, and the CD31 molecules will detach.
CD31 is also expressed in certain tumors, including epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, epithelioid sarcoma-like hemangioendothelioma, other vascular tumors, histiocytic malignancies, and plasmacytomas. It is rarely found in some sarcomas and carcinomas.

CD33 is putative adhesion molecule of myelomonocytic-derived cells which mediates sialic-acid dependent binding to cells. CD33 prefers to bind to alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid. The sialic acid recognition site is masked by cis interactions with sialic acids on the same cell surface. In the immune response, CD33 perform as an inhibitory receptor upon ligand induced tyrosine phosphorylation by recruiting cytoplasmic phosphatases through their SH2 domains which block signal transduction through dephosphorylation of signaling molecules. In addition, CD33 induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia.

CD79B is a 36 kDa trans membrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Heterodimers of CD79A and CD79B connect with a membrane attached immunoglobulin on the B cell surface to create the B cell antigen receptor complex (BCR). CD79A and CD79B are essential for BCR-mediated signaling and subsequently for the development and activation of B lineage cells.

CD4, a single chain transmembrane glycoprotein, is found on a T cell subset (helper/inducer) representing 45% of peripheral blood lymphocytes. It is also present on 80% of thymocytes and at a lower level on monocytes. It is involved in recognition of antigen presented along with MHC class II by APCs. It serves as receptor for HIV. Antibody to CD4 recognizes T-helper cells required for recognition of class II antigens. It reacts with ~60% of peripheral blood E rosette-positive (E+) cells while showing negligible reactivity with E- cells, monocytes, granulocytes, EBV-transformed B cell lines, and mouse splenocytes.

CD163 is an acute phase-regulated receptor which participates in the removal and endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes by macrophages and thus keeps tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage. Furthermore, CD163 partakes in the uptake and recycling of iron, through endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin and ensuing breakdown of heme. In addition, CD163 binds hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes in a calcium-dependent and pH-dependent way. CD163 demonstrates greater affinity for complexes of hemoglobin and multimeric haptoglobin of HP-1F phenotype than for complexes of hemoglobin and dimeric haptoglobin of HP-1S phenotype. Moreover, CD163 stimulates a cascade of intracellular signals which involves tyrosine kinase-dependent calcium recruitment, inositol triphosphate formation and secretion of IL-6 & CSF-1.

Decay-Accelerating Factor Isoform 1 or CD55, is a protein that attached to the cell membrane through glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. CD55 regulates the complement system in the outer membrane. The protein is a receptor to many types of enteroviruses such as coxsackieviruses. CD55 is widely scattered amidst hematopoietic & non-hematopoietic cells. The CD55 has a crucial part in tumorigenesis, autocrine loops for cell rescue and evasion of apoptosis, cell motility, invasiveness etc.

CD47, functions in cell adhesions by performing as an adhesion receptor for THBS1 on platelets, furthermore CD47 plays a role in the modulation of integrins. In addition, CD47 takes a vital part in memory formation as well as synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Receptor for SIRPA avoids maturation of immature dendritic cells and inhibits cytokine production by mature dendritic cells. CD47 prevents premature elimination of red blood cells, and it is also implicated in membrane permeability changes induced following virus infection.

CD84 belongs to the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family which forms a subset of the greater CD2 cell-surface receptor Ig superfamily. CD84, a membrane glycoprotein, is a homophilic adhesion molecule found in various immune cells types and takes part in regulating receptor-mediated signaling in those cells.

CD1a is a transmembrane glycoproteins, which is structurally related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and form heterodimers with beta-2-microglobulin. CD1a mediates the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. The human genome contains five CD1 family genes organized in a cluster on chromosome 1. The CD1 family members are thought to differ in their cellular localization and specificity for particular lipid ligands. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the plasma membrane and to recycling vesicles of the early endocytic system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed, but their biological validity has not been determined.

CD4 is a cell-surface glycoprotein found on the mature helper T cells and immature thymocytes, as well as on monocytes and macrophages. (Some cytotoxic T cells have CD4 protein as well.) Normally, about 65% of T cells in the blood are CD4+ (have CD4 protein protruding from their membrane). A mature T cell with either have CD4 or CD8, but not both. During one stage of development T cells develop CD4 and CD8 receptors, but they eventually are differentiated in the thymus and become more specialized.

CD79A is a signal-transducing part of the B-cell receptor which plays various roles in B cell development and function. CD79A is also needed for BCR surface expression and for efficient differentiation of pro-B and pre-B-cells. CD79A plays an important role in the tumor promoting effects of myeloid cells, and is a novel target for cancer therapy.