Search: 1000 results found for "Tubulin Gamma"

Description:

Galectin-8 Human Recombinant

Galectin-8, Gal-8, Po66 carbohydrate-binding protein, Po66-CBP, Prostate carcinoma tumor antigen 1, PCTA-1, LGALS8.

Product # :

CYT-017

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Description

Galectin-8 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 317 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 35.8kDa.The LGALS8 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

LGALS8 was lyophilized from a concentrated (1mg/ml) solution in 20mM PBS, pH 7.4.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED50 of Galectin-8 as determined by its ability to agglutinate human red blood cells is 0.8~4 µg/ml.

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Introduction
Galectins are a family of animal lectins with an affinity for beta-galactosides. This family has at least 14 identified members. Galectins share similarities in the CRD (the carbohydrate recognition domain). Galectins are synthesized as cytosolic proteins. Though localized principally in the cytoplasm and lacking a classical signal peptide, galectins can also be stimulated to secretion by non-classical pathways or alternatively targeted to the nucleus. Galectins are involved in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Galectin-8 is a tandem-repeat-type member of the galectin family, consisting of 2 CRDs attached by a linker peptide. Galectin-8 is greatly expressed in lung carcinomas, a number of forms of prostate carcinomas, in addition to other tumor cells. Galectin-8 attaches to a subset of cell surface integrins to modulate ECM-integrin interactions. Once immobilized, Galectin-8 promotes cell adhesion by ligation and clustering of cell surface integrin receptors. On the other hand, as a soluble ligand, Galectin-8 can inhibit cell adhesion.
Synonyms
Galectin-8, Gal-8, Po66 carbohydrate-binding protein, Po66-CBP, Prostate carcinoma tumor antigen 1, PCTA-1, LGALS8.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized LGALS8 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Galectin-8 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Galectin-8 in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
The sequence of the first five N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Met-Met-Leu-Ser-Leu.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of LGALS8 HUMAN Protein?
LGALS8 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 35.8kDa.

What is the source or expression system of LGALS8 HUMAN Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of LGALS8 HUMAN Protein?
LGALS8 HUMAN Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of LGALS8 HUMAN Protein?
The ED50 of Galectin-8 as determined by its ability to agglutinate human red blood cells is 0.8~4 µg/ml.

What is the amino acid sequence of LGALS8 HUMAN Protein?
LGALS8 HUMAN Protein is composed from 317 amino acids.

What applications can LGALS8 HUMAN Protein be used in?
LGALS8 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for LGALS8 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, LGALS8 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Chromogranin-A Human Recombinant, His Tag

CGA, CHGA, Vasostatin-2, Pituitary secretory protein I, SP-I.

Product # :

PRO-699

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Description

Recombinant Human CHGA produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 460 amino acids (19-457 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 51.2kDa (Molecular weight on SDS-PAGE will appear higher). Chromgranin-A is fused to 21 amino acid His Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The CHGA protein (0.5mg/ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer pH-7.5, 2mM EDTA, 0.1mM PMSF and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 80.0% as determined by Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Chromgranin-A is part of the neuroendocrine secretory protein family. CHGA is located in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. Chromgranin-A is a precursor to three biologically active peptides; vasostatin, pancreastatin, and parastatin. These peptides act as autocrine or paracrine negative modulators of the neuroendocrine system. Other peptides, including chromostatin, beta-granin, WE-14 and GE-25, are also derived from the full-length protein. Chromgranin-A has numerous biological activities on some tissues and organs and exerts a large spectrum of homeostatic actions, including antifungal and antimicrobial effect, modulation of cell adhesion, and inhibition of parathyroid hormone secretion.
Synonyms
CGA, CHGA, Vasostatin-2, Pituitary secretory protein I, SP-I.
Physical Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MLPVNSPMNK GDTEVMKCIV EVISDTLSKP SPMPVSQECF ETLRGDERIL SILRHQNLLK ELQDLALQGA KERAHQQKKH SGFEDELSEV LENQSSQAEL KEAVEEPSSK DVMEKREDSK EAEKSGEATD GARPQALPEP MQESKAEGNN QAPGEEEEEE EEATNTHPPA SLPSQKYPGP QAEGDSEGLS QGLVDREKGL SAEPGWQAKR EEEEEEEEEA EAGEEAVPEE EGPTVVLNPH PSLGYKEIRK GESRSEALAV DGAGKPGAEE AQDPEGKGEQ EHSQQKEEEE EMAVVPQGLF RGGKSGELEQ EEERLSKEWE DSKRWSKMDQ LAKELTAEKR LEGQEEEEDN RDSSMKLSFR ARAYGFRGPG PQLRRGWRPS SREDSLEAGL PLQVRGYPEE KKEEEGSANR RPEDQELESL SAIEAELEKV AHQLQALRRG.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Macrophage Erythroblast Attacher Human Recombinant

Macrophage Erythroblast Attacher, GID Complex Subunit 9 FYV10 Homolog, Lung Cancer-Related Protein 10, Proliferation-Inducing Gene 5, Human Lung Cancer Oncogene 10 Protein, Cell Proliferation-Inducing Gene 5 Protein, Erythroblast Macrophage Protein, FYV10 Homolog (S. Cerevisiae), GID Complex Subunit 9, EMLP, GID9, PIG5, HLC-10, EMP.

Product # :

PRO-1634

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Description

MAEA Human Recombinant (isoform 1) produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 419 amino acids (1-396) and having a molecular mass of 47.7kDa.MAEA is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The MAEA solution contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 1M Urea and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
MAEA is a 396aa widely expressed adhesion protein which has 5 alternatively spliced isoforms. MAEA holds one CTLH domain and one LisH domain. MAEA forms a complex with F-actin, which takes part in regulating actin distribution in erythroblasts and macrophages and is known to assist in cell division and nuclear architecture. MAEA is confined with condensed chromatin at prophase, nuclear spindle poles at metaphase and in the contractile ring throughout cytokinesis phase and telophase.
Synonyms
Macrophage Erythroblast Attacher, GID Complex Subunit 9 FYV10 Homolog, Lung Cancer-Related Protein 10, Proliferation-Inducing Gene 5, Human Lung Cancer Oncogene 10 Protein, Cell Proliferation-Inducing Gene 5 Protein, Erythroblast Macrophage Protein, FYV10 Homolog (S. Cerevisiae), GID Complex Subunit 9, EMLP, GID9, PIG5, HLC-10, EMP.
Physical Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMAVQESA AQLSMTLKVQ EYPTLKVPYE TLNKRFRAAQ KNIDRETSHV TMVVAELEKT LSGCPAVDSV VSLLDGVVEK LSVLKRKAVE SIQAEDESAK LCKRRIEHLK EHSSDQPAAA SVWKRKRMDR MMVEHLLRCG YYNTAVKLAR QSGIEDLVNI EMFLTAKEVE ESLERRETAT CLAWCHDNKS RLRKMKSCLE FSLRIQEFIE LIRQNKRLDA VRHARKHFSQ AEGSQLDEVR QAMGMLAFPP DTHISPYKDL LDPARWRMLI QQFRYDNYRL HQLGNNSVFT LTLQAGLSAI KTPQCYKEDG SSKSPDCPVC SRSLNKLAQP LPMAHCANSR LVCKISGDVM NENNPPMMLP NGYVYGYNSL LSIRQDDKVV CPRTKEVFHF SQAEKVYIM

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Galectin-4 Mouse Recombinant

gal-4 , Galectin-4, Lactose-binding lectin 4, lectin galactoside-binding soluble 4.

Product # :

CYT-187

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SDS-PAGE

Description

LGALS4 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 349 amino acids (1-326a.a) and having a molecular mass of 38.8kDa.LGALS4 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

LGALS4 protein solution (0.5mg/ml) containing 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.1M NaCl, 10% glycerol and 1mM DTT.

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED50 was measured by its ability to agglutinate human red blood cells and was found to be <5 ug/ml.

SDS-PAGE

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Introduction
Galectin-4 is a member of the subfamily of galectins composed of two carbohydrate recognition domains having similar peptide chains. The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins having a role in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, which inhibits chronic inflammations, GVHD, and allergic responses. LGALS4 expression is limited to small intestine, colon, and rectum, and it is underexpressed in colorectal cancer. LGALS4 binds as an endogenous ligand to glycosphingolipids having 3-O-sulfated Gal residues and bind as well to cholesterol-3-sulfate. LGALS4 takes part in cell adhesion. LGALS4 plays a role in crosslinking the lateral cell membranes of the surface-lining epithelial cells, thus supporting epithelial integrity against mechanical stress exerted by the bowel lume. LGALS4 is in charge of intestinal inflammation via selective regulation of peripheral and mucosal T-cell cell cycle, in addition to cell death by apoptosis of T-cells by a pathway independent of the activation of caspases. LGALS4 blockade decreases TNF-alpha inhibitor induced T-cell death. LGALS4 decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion including IL-6 & IL-17.
Synonyms
gal-4 , Galectin-4, Lactose-binding lectin 4, lectin galactoside-binding soluble 4.
Physical Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMAYVPAP GYQPTYNPTL PYKRPIPGGL SVGMSVYIQG MAKENMRRFH VNFAVGQDDG ADVAFHFNPR FDGWDKVVFN TMQSGQWGKE EKKKSMPFQK GKHFELVFMV MPEHYKVVVN GNSFYEYGHR LPVQMVTHLQ VDGDLELQSI NFLGGQPAAA PYPGAMTIPA YPAGSPGYNP PQMNTLPVMT GPPVFNPRVP YVGALQGGLT VRRTIIIKGY VLPTARNFVI NFKVGSSGDI ALHLNPRIGD SVVRNSFMNG SWGAEERKVA YNPFGPGQFF DLSIRCGMDR FKVFANGQHL FDFSHRFQAF QMVDTLEING DITLSYVQI.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of LGALS4 MOUSE Protein?
LGALS4 MOUSE Protein has a total Mw of 38.8kDa.

What is the source or expression system of LGALS4 MOUSE Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of LGALS4 MOUSE Protein?
LGALS4 MOUSE Protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of LGALS4 MOUSE Protein?
The ED50 was measured by its ability to agglutinate human red blood cells and was found to be <5 ug/ml.

What is the amino acid sequence of LGALS4 MOUSE Protein?
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMAYVPAP GYQPTYNPTL PYKRPIPGGL SVGMSVYIQG MAKENMRRFH VNFAVGQDDG ADVAFHFNPR FDGWDKVVFN TMQSGQWGKE EKKKSMPFQK GKHFELVFMV MPEHYKVVVN GNSFYEYGHR LPVQMVTHLQ VDGDLELQSI NFLGGQPAAA PYPGAMTIPA YPAGSPGYNP PQMNTLPVMT GPPVFNPRVP YVGALQGGLT VRRTIIIKGY VLPTARNFVI NFKVGSSGDI ALHLNPRIGD SVVRNSFMNG SWGAEERKVA YNPFGPGQFF DLSIRCGMDR FKVFANGQHL FDFSHRFQAF QMVDTLEING DITLSYVQI.

What applications can LGALS4 MOUSE Protein be used in?
LGALS4 MOUSE Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for LGALS4 MOUSE Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, LGALS4 MOUSE Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Mouse Recombinant

Product # :

CYT-354

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Description

Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Mouse Recombinant is a single non-glycosilated polypeptide chain containing 146 amino and additional Ala at N-terminus acids and having a molecular mass of ~ 16 kDa, LEP was mutated, resulting in L39A/D40A/F41A mutant. Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Mouse Recombinant was purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia coli.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a concentrated (0.65mg/ml) solution with 0.003mM NaHCO3.

Purity

Greater than 99.0% as determined by:
(a) Gel filtration analysis.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

ProSpec’s Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Mouse Recombinant is capable of inhibiting Leptin-induced proliferation of BAF/3 cells stably transfected with the long form of human Leptin receptor. It also inhibits various Leptin effects in several in vitro bioassays.

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Physical Appearance
White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Mouse Recombinant although stable at room temperature for several weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution at > 0.1 Leptin mutant mg/ml and up to 2 mM and filter sterilization LEP mutant can be stored at 4°C or even room temperature for several weeks making it suitable for long term infusion studies using osmotic pumps. At lower concentration addition of a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) is suggested.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Mouse Recombinant in sterile water or sterile 0.4% NaHCO3 adjusted to pH 8-9, not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted with other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
The sequence of the first five N-terminal amino acids was determined and was found to be Ala-Val-Pro-Ile-Gln.
Protein content
Protein quantization was carried out by UV spectroscopy at 280 nm using the absorbency value of 0.201 as the extinction coefficient for a 0.1% (1mg/ml) solution at pH 8.0. This value is calculated by the PC GENE computer analysis program of protein sequences (IntelliGenetics).

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Interleukin-36 Gamma Mouse Recombinant

Interleukin-36 gamma, Interleukin-1 family member 9, IL-1F9, Il36g, Il1f9.

Product # :

CYT-745

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Description

IL36G Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 152 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 17.3kDa.The IL36G is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in 1M MOPS, 10 mM NaAC, pH7.6, 5 % Trehalose, 2 mM EDTA and 0.02 % Tween-20.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
IL-36gamma belongs to the IL-1 family which includes IL-1b, IL-1a, IL-1ra, IL-18, IL-36 Ra (IL-1F5), IL-36a (IL-1F6), IL-36b (IL-1F8), IL-37 (IL-1F7) and IL-1F10. ). The IL-1 family members display a 12 b-strand, b-trefoil configuration, and are thought to have ascended from a mutual ancestral gene. IL-36g is an 18-22 kDa, 169aa intracellular and secreted protein which holds no signal sequence, no prosegment and no potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Human IL-36g shares 58%- 69% aa sequence homology with mouse, rat, bovine and equine IL-36g, and 23 - 57% aa sequence homology with other family members. The IL-36g receptor is a mixture of IL-1 Rrp2, mostly located in epithelia and keratinocytes, and the extensively expressed IL-1 RAcP. All IL-36 (a, b and g) activate N F-?B and MAPK pathways in an IL-1 Rrp2 dependent reaction. Additionally, IL-36g induces production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines like CXCL8/IL-8.
Synonyms
Interleukin-36 gamma, Interleukin-1 family member 9, IL-1F9, Il36g, Il1f9.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized IL36g Mouse although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution IL36g should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized IL36g in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
GRETPDFGEV FDLDQQVWIF RNQALVTVPR SHRVTPVSVT ILPCKYPESL EQDKGIAIYL GIQNPDKCLF CKEVNGHPTL LLKEEKILDL YHHPEPMKPF LFYHTRTGGT STFESVAFPG HYIASSKTGN PIFLTSKKGE YYNINFNLDI KS.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Mouse Recombinant

TNF-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2, TNF-a, Cachectin, DIF, TNFA, TNFSF2.

Product # :

CYT-252

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Description

Tumor Necrosis Factor-a Mouse Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single, non glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 157 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 17301.32 Dalton. The TNF-alpha is purified by standard chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in PBS, pH 7.2.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(c) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED50 as determined by the cytolysis of murine L929 cells in the presence of Actinomycin D is < 0.1ng/ml, corresponding to a Specific Activity of 10,000,000Units/mg.

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Introduction
Tumor necrosis factor is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that all stimulate the acute phase reaction. TNF is mainly secreted by macrophages.
TNF causes apoptotic cell death, cellular proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, tumorigenesis and viral replication, TNF is also involved in lipid metabolism, and coagulation. TNF's primary role is in the regulation of immune cells.
Dysregulation and, in particular, overproduction of TNF have been implicated in a variety of human diseases- autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer.
Synonyms
TNF-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2, TNF-a, Cachectin, DIF, TNFA, TNFSF2.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Tumor Necrosis Factor-a although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution TNF-a should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MLRSSSQNSS DKPVAHVVAN HQVEEQLEWL SQRANALLAN GMDLKDNQLV VPADGLYLVY SQVLFKGQGC PDYVLLTHTV SRFAISYQEK VNLLSAVKSP CPKDTPEGAE LKPWYEPIYL GGVFQLEKGD QLSAEVNLPK YLDFAESGQV YFGVIAL
Background
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses, inflammation, and cell survival. It is primarily produced by activated macrophages, but can also be secreted by other immune cells, such as T cells, natural killer cells, and mast cells. TNF-α is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including the defense against infections, the development of autoimmune diseases, and the progression of cancer.
TNF-α exerts its effects by binding to two distinct cell surface receptors, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2). Upon binding to its receptors, TNF-α activates multiple signaling pathways, including the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and the apoptotic pathway. These signaling pathways regulate various cellular processes, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
In the context of infections, TNF-α plays a crucial role in the body's defense against pathogens. It promotes the recruitment and activation of immune cells, enhances the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stimulates the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, facilitating the migration of immune cells to the site of infection. TNF-α also helps to induce fever, which is an important component of the body's immune response to infections.
However, excessive or prolonged production of TNF-α can contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. In these conditions, elevated levels of TNF-α promote the infiltration of immune cells into the affected tissues, leading to tissue damage and the perpetuation of inflammation. The central role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of these diseases has led to the development of anti-TNF-α therapies, which have revolutionized the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. These therapies include monoclonal antibodies, such as infliximab and adalimumab, and soluble TNF receptor fusion proteins, such as etanercept. Anti-TNF-α therapies have been shown to be effective in reducing inflammation, improving symptoms, and slowing disease progression in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.
In the context of cancer, TNF-α has complex and context-dependent effects on tumor development and progression. On one hand, TNF-α can promote anti-tumor immunity by activating immune cells and stimulating the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, chronic inflammation driven by TNF-α can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Therefore, the role of TNF-α in cancer is still an area of active research, and the development of TNF-α-targeted therapies for cancer remains a challenge.
In conclusion, TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses, inflammation, and cell survival. Its involvement in various physiological and pathological processes has made it an important target for the development of therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Anti-TNF-α therapies have revolutionized the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, but the complex role of TNF-α in cancer remains an area of ongoing research. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which TNF-α contributes to disease pathogenesis will be crucial for the development of more effective and targeted therapies.
Protein content
Protein quantitation was carried out by two independent methods1. UV spectroscopy at 280 nm using the absorbency value of 1.24 as the extinction coefficient for a 0.1% (1mg/ml) solution. This value is calculated by the PC GENE computer analysis program of protein sequences (IntelliGenetics). 2. Analysis by RP-HPLC, using a calibrated solution of TNF-a as a Reference Standard.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Dynein, Light Chain, Tctex-Type 3 Human Recombinant

Dynein light chain Tctex-type 3, t-complex-associated-testis-expressed 1-like, TCTE1XL, Protein 91/23, TCTEX1L, TCTE1L, RP3.

Product # :

PRO-1197

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Description

DYNLT3 Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single polypeptide chain containing 139 amino acids (1-116) and having a molecular mass of 15.5 kDa.DYNLT3 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

E.coli.

Formulation

The DYNLT3 solution (0.25mg/1ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.15M NaCl and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 80% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
DYNLT3 belongs to a subclass of dynein light chains. The DYNLT3 protein homodimerizes and forms the light chain component of the cytoplasmic dynein motor protein complex. DYNLT3 functions as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex which are believed to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. DYNLT3 may also work independently of dynein as a transcriptional modulator. DYNLT3 is required for the effective progression through mitosis.
Synonyms
Dynein light chain Tctex-type 3, t-complex-associated-testis-expressed 1-like, TCTE1XL, Protein 91/23, TCTEX1L, TCTE1L, RP3.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMEEYHRH CDEVGFNAEE AHNIVKECVD GVLGGEDYNH NNINQWTASI VEQSLTHLVK LGKAYKYIVT CAVVQKSAYG FHTASSCFWD TTSDGTCTVR WENRTMNCIV NVFAIAIVL

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Rat Recombinant, His Tag Active

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, TNF a His, Cachectin, TNF-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2, TNF-a, N-terminal fragment, NTF, Intracellular domain 1, Intracellular domain 2, ICD2, C-domain 1, C-domain 2, Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form, Tnfa, Tnfsf2, RATTNF, Tnfa.

Product # :

CYT-1057

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Description

TNFA Rat Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 181 amino acids (80-235 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 19.9kDa.TNFA Rat is expressed with an 25 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

TNFA Rat protein solution (1mg/ml) contains Phosphate Buffered Saline (pH 7.4), 10% glycerol and 1mM DTT.

Purity

Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Measured in a cytotoxicity assay using L929 mouse fibrosarcoma cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D.
The ED50 for this effect is ≤ to 0.2 ng/ml.

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Introduction
Tumor necrosis factor is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that all stimulate the acute phase reaction. TNF is mainly secreted by macrophages.
TNF causes apoptotic cell death, cellular proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, tumorigenesis and viral replication, TNF is also involved in lipid metabolism, and coagulation. TNF's primary role is in the regulation of immune cells.
Dysregulation and, in particular, overproduction of TNF have been implicated in a variety of human diseases- autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer.
Synonyms
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, TNF a His, Cachectin, TNF-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2, TNF-a, N-terminal fragment, NTF, Intracellular domain 1, Intracellular domain 2, ICD2, C-domain 1, C-domain 2, Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form, Tnfa, Tnfsf2, RATTNF, Tnfa.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless liquid.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSHMLRSSS QNSSDKPVAH VVANHQAEEQ LEWLSQRANA LLANGMDLKD NQLVVPADGL YLIYSQVLFK GQGCPDYVLL THTVSRFAIS YQEKVSLLSA IKSPCPKDTP EGAELKPWYE PMYLGGVFQL EKGDLLSAEV NLPKYLDITE SGQVYFGVIA L.
Background
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Rat Recombinant, His Tag Active: An In-Depth Analysis
Abstract:

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine that plays a significant role in various physiological and pathological processes. This human research paper provides an in-depth analysis of TNF-α Rat Recombinant with a His Tag, focusing on its structure, signaling pathways, and diverse functions. Additionally, the paper explores the potential applications of TNF-α Rat Recombinant in human research.
Introduction:

TNF-α is a key mediator of inflammation and immune responses in humans. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of TNF-α Rat Recombinant with a His Tag, highlighting its significance in human physiology and its potential applications in human research.
Structure and Function of TNF-α:

TNF-α is a homotrimeric protein that binds to two distinct receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, initiating downstream signaling cascades. It regulates immune cell activation, cytokine production, and cellular responses, influencing diverse biological processes.
Signaling Pathways:

Upon binding to its receptors, TNF-α activates various signaling pathways, including the NF-κB pathway, MAPK pathway, and cell death pathways. These pathways regulate gene expression and mediate cellular responses, impacting inflammation, apoptosis, and tissue homeostasis.
Functions of TNF-α:

TNF-α plays a crucial role in immune responses, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis. It regulates the activation and migration of immune cells, promotes cytokine production, and modulates cell survival and death. Dysregulation of TNF-α is implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, making it an attractive target for research and therapeutic interventions.
Applications in Human Research:

TNF-α Rat Recombinant with a His Tag has diverse applications in human research. It can be used to investigate TNF-α signaling pathways, study its effects on immune cell functions, and explore its role in disease pathogenesis. Additionally, this recombinant protein can be utilized for in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Future Directions:

Further research is necessary to unravel the intricate mechanisms of TNF-α signaling and its contributions to human diseases. Continued investigations will enable the development of targeted therapies and personalized medicine approaches. Future studies should also focus on optimizing the use of TNF-α Rat Recombinant in preclinical and clinical research settings.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Chromogranin A Human Recombinant, HEK

CHGA, CGA, Chromogranin-A, Vasostatin I, SP-I, Pituitary secretory protein I.

Product # :

PRO-2664

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Description

CHGA Human Recombinant is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 445 amino acids (19-457a.a) and having a molecular mass of 49.7kDa (calculated). CHGA is fused to a 6 a.a His tag at C-terminal.

Source

HEK293 cells.

Formulation

CHGA filtered (0.4 µm) and lyophilized from 0.5mg/ml in PBS, pH 7.0.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Chromogranin A is a 439 amino acid protein which is encoded on chromosome 14 and is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, phenochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors.
Coexpression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Synonyms
CHGA, CGA, Chromogranin-A, Vasostatin I, SP-I, Pituitary secretory protein I.
Physical Appearance
Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Store lyophilized protein at -20°C. Aliquot the product after reconstitution to avoid repeated freezing/thawing cycles. Reconstituted protein can be stored at 4°C for a limited period of time; it does not show any change after two weeks at 4°C.
Solubility
It is recommended to add deionized water to prepare a working stock solution of approximately 0.5mg/ml and let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely.
Amino Acid Sequence
LPVNSPMNKG DTEVMKCIVE VISDTLSKPS PMPVSQECFE TLRGDERILS ILRHQNLLKE LQDLALQGAK ERAHQQKKHS GFEDELSEVL ENQSSQAELK EAVEEPSSKD VMEKREDSKE AEKSGEATDG ARPQALPEPM QESKAEGNNQ APGEEEEEEE EATNTHPPAS LPSQKYPGPQ AEGDSEGLSQ GLVDREKGLS AEPGWQAKRE EEEEEEEEAE AGEEAVPEEE GPTVVLNPHP SLGYKEIRKG ESRSEALAVD GAGKPGAEEA QDPEGKGEQE HSQQKEEEEE MAVVPQGLFR GGKSGELEQE EERLSKEWED SKRWSKMDQL AKELTAEKRL EGQEEEEDNR DSSMKLSFRA RAYGFRGPGP QLRRGWRPSS REDSLEAGLP LQVRGYPEEK KEEEGSANRR PEDQELESLS AIEAELEKVA HQLQALRRGH HHHHH

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Trefoil Factor-1 Human Recombinant

TFF-1, TFF1, pS2, BCEI, HPS, HP1.A, pNR-2, D21S21, pS2 protein, Trefoil factor 1, Breast cancer estrogen-inducible protein.

Product # :

CYT-586

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Description

TFF-1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a homodimer, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 2 x 60 amino acids which includes a 40 amino acid trefoil motif containing 3 conserved intramolecular disulfide bonds and having a total molecular mass of 13.2 kDa. TFF-1 Human Recombinant is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The Human TFF1 protein was lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in 20mM PB, pH 7.4 and 150mM NaCl.

Purity

Greater than 97.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED₅₀ as determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human MCF-7 cells is less than 10µg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of >100 IU/mg.

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Introduction
The Trefoil Factor peptides (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3) are stable secretory proteins expressed in the gastrointestinal tract (gastric mucosa), and are involved in intestinal mucosal defense and repair. TFF1 is an essential protein for normal differentiation of the antral and pyloric gastric mucosa and functions as a gastric-specific tumor suppressor gene. TFF1 is a stabilizer of the mucous gel overlying the gastrointestinal mucosa that provides a physical barrier against various noxious agents. TFF1 protects the mucosa from isults, stabilizes the mucus layer, & affects healing of the epithelium. TFF1 is commonly expressed in tumors. TFF1 is related with the cell membrane of MCF-7 cells. High levels of TFF1 and TFF2 are found in serum from inflammatory bowel disease.
Synonyms
TFF-1, TFF1, pS2, BCEI, HPS, HP1.A, pNR-2, D21S21, pS2 protein, Trefoil factor 1, Breast cancer estrogen-inducible protein.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized TFF1 although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution TFF1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized TFF1 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
EAQTETCTVAPRERQNCGFPGVTPSQCANKGCCFDDTVRGVPWCFY
PNTIDVPPEEECEF.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Germinal Center-Associated, Signaling and Motility Human Recombinant

GCAT2, HGAL, Germinal center-associated signaling and motility protein, Germinal center B-cell-expressed transcript 2 protein, Germinal center-associated lymphoma protein, GAL, GCET2 .

Product # :

PRO-1282

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Description

GCSAM Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single polypeptide chain containing 201 amino acids (1-178) and having a molecular mass of 23 kDa. GCSAM is fused to 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

E.coli.

Formulation

The GCSAM solution (0.5mg/1ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.2M NaCl, 50% glycerol and 1mM DTT.

Purity

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
GCSAM is a protein which functions in signal transduction pathways and whose expression raises in germinal cell lymphomas. GCSAM contains a putative PDZ-interacting domain, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), and two putative SH2 binding sites. In B cells, GCSAM expression is particularly induced by interleukin-4.
Synonyms
GCAT2, HGAL, Germinal center-associated signaling and motility protein, Germinal center B-cell-expressed transcript 2 protein, Germinal center-associated lymphoma protein, GAL, GCET2 .
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMGNSLLR ENRRQQNTQE MPWNVRMQSP KQRTSRCWDH HIAEGCFCLP WKKILIFEKR QDSQNENERM SSTPIQDNVD QTYSEELCYT LINHRVLCTR PSGNSAEEYY ENVPCKAERP RESLGGTETE YSLLHMPSTD PRHARSPEDE YELLMPHRIS SHFLQQPRPL MAPSETQFSH L.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Galectin-7 Mouse Recombinant

Galectin-7, Gal-7, HKL-14, PI7, p53-induced gene 1 protein, LGALS7, PIG1, LGALS7B, GAL7, LGALS7A.

Product # :

CYT-184

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SDS-PAGE

Description

LGALS7 mouse Recombinant produced E. coli is a single polypeptide chain containing 159 amino acids (1-136) and having a molecular mass of 17.6kDa.LGALS7 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The LGALS7 solution (1mg/ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.1M NaCl, 20% glycerol and 2mM DTT.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

SDS-PAGE

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Introduction
Galectins are a family of animal lectins with an affinity for beta-galactosides. This family has at least 14 identified members. Galectins share similarities in the CRD (the carbohydrate recognition domain). Galectins are synthesized as cytosolic proteins. Though localized principally in the cytoplasm and lacking a classical signal peptide, galectins can also be stimulated to secretion by non-classical pathways or alternatively targeted to the nucleus. Galectins are involved in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Human Galectin-7 belongs to the prototypical Galectins containing a single CRD, which is initially identified in human epidermis as a monomer. The Galectin-7 expression is induced by tumor suppressor protein p53 and associated with apoptosis. Galectin-7 is a pro-apoptotic protein which functions intracellularlly upstream of JNK activation and mitochondrial cytochrome c release. The correlation of Galectin-7 with the UV-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes presents a critical mechanism in the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis. Human Galectin-7 is localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm.
Synonyms
Galectin-7, Gal-7, HKL-14, PI7, p53-induced gene 1 protein, LGALS7, PIG1, LGALS7B, GAL7, LGALS7A.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMSATQHK TSLPQGVRVG TVMRIRGMVP DQAGRFHVNL LCGEEQGADA ALHFNPRLDT SEVVFNTKEQ GKWGREERGT GIPFERGQPF EVLLIATEEG FKAVVGDDEY LHFHHRMPPA RVRLVEVGGD VQLHSVKIF.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of LGALS7 MOUSE Protein?
LGALS7 MOUSE Protein has a total Mw of 17.6kDa.

What is the source or expression system of LGALS7 MOUSE Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of LGALS7 MOUSE Protein?
LGALS7 MOUSE Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of LGALS7 MOUSE Protein?
The biological functionality of LGALS7 MOUSE Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of LGALS7 MOUSE Protein?
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMSATQHK TSLPQGVRVG TVMRIRGMVP DQAGRFHVNL LCGEEQGADA ALHFNPRLDT SEVVFNTKEQ GKWGREERGT GIPFERGQPF EVLLIATEEG FKAVVGDDEY LHFHHRMPPA RVRLVEVGGD VQLHSVKIF.

What applications can LGALS7 MOUSE Protein be used in?
LGALS7 MOUSE Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for LGALS7 MOUSE Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, LGALS7 MOUSE Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Rat Recombinant

TNF-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2, TNF-a, Cachectin, DIF, TNFA, TNFSF2.

Product # :

CYT-393

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Description

Tumor Necrosis Factor-a Rat Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 157 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 17339.44 Dalton. The TNF-alpha is purified by standard chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The concentrated protein solution (1mg/ml) was lyophilized from 20mM phosphate buffer and 0.1M NaCl.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED50 as determined by the cytolysis of murine L929 cells in the presence of Actinomycin D is < 0.05ng/ml, corresponding to a Specific Activity of 20,000,000IU/mg.

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Introduction
Tumor necrosis factor is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that all stimulate the acute phase reaction. TNF is mainly secreted by macrophages.
TNF causes apoptotic cell death, cellular proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, tumorigenesis and viral replication, TNF is also involved in lipid metabolism, and coagulation. TNF's primary role is in the regulation of immune cells.
Dysregulation and, in particular, overproduction of TNF have been implicated in a variety of human diseases- autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
Synonyms
TNF-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2, TNF-a, Cachectin, DIF, TNFA, TNFSF2.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Tumor Necrosis Factor-a although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution TNF-a should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MLRSSSQNSS DKPVVHVVAN HQAEEQLEWL SQRANALLAN GMDLKDNQLV VPADGLYLIY SQVLFKGQGC PDYVLLTHTV SRFATSYQEK VSLLSAIKSP CPKDTPEGAE LKPWYEPMYL GGVSQLEKGD LLSAEVNLPK YLDITESGQV YFGVIAL.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Pegylated Mouse Recombinant

Product # :

CYT-566

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Description

Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Mouse Recombinant is a single non-glycosilated polypeptide chain containing 146 amino and additional Ala at N-terminus acids and having a molecular mass of ~ 16 kDa.The Mouse Leptin antagonist was mutated, resulting in L39A/D40A/F41A mutant.The Mouse Leptin antagonist is bound to 20 kDa mono-PEG at N-terminus, resulting in 35.6 kDa. The Mouse Leptin triple anatagonist runs as a 48 kDa.Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Mouse Recombinant was purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia coli.

Formulation

The Mouse Leptin triple anatagonist was lyophilized from a concentrated (0.65mg/ml) solution with 0.003mM NaHCO3.

Purity

Greater than 99.0% as determined by:
(a) Gel filtration analysis.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Mouse Recombinant half-life in circulation after SC injection was over 20 hours.
Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Mouse Recombinant is capable of inhibiting leptin-induced proliferation of BAF/3 cells stably transfected with the long form of human leptin receptor. Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Mouse Recombinant in vitro activity is 5-6 fold lower than the non-pegylated antagonist, though in vivo it has profound weight gain effect (as compared to the non-pegylated antagonist), resulting mainly from increased food intake.

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Physical Appearance
White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Mouse Recombinant although stable at room temperature for several weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution at > 0.1 Leptin mutant mg/ml and up to 2mM and filter sterilization LEP mutant can be stored at 4°C or even room temperature for several weeks making it suitable for long term infusion studies using osmotic pumps. At lower concentration addition of a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) is suggested.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Leptin Antagonist Triple Mutant Mouse Recombinant in sterile water or sterile 0.4% NaHCO3 adjusted to pH 8-9, not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted with other aqueous solutions.
Protein content
Protein quantization was carried out by UV spectroscopy at 280 nm using the absorbency value of 0.2 as the extinction coefficient for a 0.1% (1mg/ml) solution at pH 8.0. This value is calculated by the PC GENE computer analysis program of protein sequences (IntelliGenetics).

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Interleukin-36 Gamma (152 a.a) Human Recombinant

Interleukin 36 gamma, IL1F9, interleukin 1 family member 9, Interleukin-1 epsilon, IL-1RP2, IL-1H1, IL1E, interleukin 1-related protein 2, Interleukin-1 homolog 1.

Product # :

CYT-161

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Description

IL36G (152 a.a.) Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 152 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 17.0kDa.The IL36G (152 a.a.) is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in 1×PBS, pH 7.4, containing 5% trehalose.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The ED50 as measured by its ability to induce IL-8 secretion in human preadipocytes is less than 15ng/ml, corresponding to a Specific Activity of 67,000 IU/mg.

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Introduction
IL-36gamma belongs to the IL-1 family which includes IL-1b, IL-1a, IL-1ra, IL-18, IL-36 Ra (IL-1F5), IL-36a (IL-1F6), IL-36b (IL-1F8), IL-37 (IL-1F7) and IL-1F10. ). The IL-1 family members display a 12 b-strand, b-trefoil configuration, and are thought to have ascended from a mutual ancestral gene. IL-36g is an 18-22 kDa, 169aa intracellular and secreted protein which holds no signal sequence, no prosegment and no potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Human IL-36g shares 58%- 69% aa sequence homology with mouse, rat, bovine and equine IL-36g, and 23 - 57% aa sequence homology with other family members. The IL-36g receptor is a mixture of IL-1 Rrp2, mostly located in epithelia and keratinocytes, and the extensively expressed IL-1 RAcP. All IL-36 (a, b and g) activate N F-?B and MAPK pathways in an IL-1 Rrp2 dependent reaction. Additionally, IL-36g induces production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines like CXCL8/IL-8.
Synonyms
Interleukin 36 gamma, IL1F9, interleukin 1 family member 9, Interleukin-1 epsilon, IL-1RP2, IL-1H1, IL1E, interleukin 1-related protein 2, Interleukin-1 homolog 1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized IL36g Human although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution IL36g should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized IL36g in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
SMCKPITGTI NDLNQQVWTL QGQNLVAVPR SDSVTPVTVA VITCKYPEAL EQGRGDPIYL GIQNPEMCLY CEKVGEQPTL QLKEQKIMDL YGQPEPVKPF LFYRAKTGRT STLESVAFPD WFIASSKRDQ PIILTSELGK SYNTAFELNI ND

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Gastrokine 1 Human Recombinant

BRICHOS domain containing 1, 18 kDa antrum mucosa protein, gastrokine 1, Protein CA11, AMP-18, BRICD1, foveolin, FOV.

Product # :

PRO-1206

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Description

GKN1 Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single polypeptide chain containing 223 amino acids (1-199) and having a molecular mass of 24.5 kDa.GKN1 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

E.coli.

Formulation

The GKN1 solution (0.25mg/1ml) contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.1M NaCl, 1mM DTT and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Gastrokine-1 (GKN1) is a member of the gastrokine family. GKN1 has mitogenic activity and is involved in preserving the integrity of the gastric mucosal epithelium. GKN1 is down-regulated in human gastric cancer tissue in comparison to normal gastric mucosa. GKN1 is expressed in the stomach; however no expression is detected in cancer tissue or gastric cancer cell lines.
Synonyms
BRICHOS domain containing 1, 18 kDa antrum mucosa protein, gastrokine 1, Protein CA11, AMP-18, BRICD1, foveolin, FOV.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSH MLAYSS VHCFREDKMK FTIVFAGLLG VFLAPALANY NINVNDDNNN AGSGQQSVSV NNEHNVANVD NNNGWDSWNS IWDYGNGFAA TRLFQKKTCI VHKMNKEVMP SIQSLDALVK EKKLQGKGPG GPPPKGLMYS VNPNKVDDLS KFGKNIANMC RGIPTYMAEE MQEASLFFYS GTCYTTSVLW IVDISFCGDT VEN.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Chromogranin-A Human Recombinant

CGA, CHGA, Vasostatin-2, Pituitary secretory protein I, SP-I.

Product # :

PRO-692

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Description

Recombinant Human CHGA produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 114 amino acids (19-131 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 12.8 kDa. Chromgranin-A is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The CHGA protein contains 20mM Tris-HCl buffer pH-8, and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by analysis by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Chromgranin-A is part of the neuroendocrine secretory protein family. CHGA is located in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells. Chromgranin-A is a precursor to three biologically active peptides; vasostatin, pancreastatin, and parastatin. These peptides act as autocrine or paracrine negative modulators of the neuroendocrine system. Other peptides, including chromostatin, beta-granin, WE-14 and GE-25, are also derived from the full-length protein. Chromgranin-A has numerous biological activities on some tissues and organs and exerts a large spectrum of homeostatic actions, including antifungal and antimicrobial effect, modulation of cell adhesion, and inhibition of parathyroid hormone secretion.
Synonyms
CGA, CHGA, Vasostatin-2, Pituitary secretory protein I, SP-I.
Physical Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MLPVNSPMNK GDTEVMKCIV EVISDTLSKP SPMPVSQECF ETLRGDERIL SILRHQNLLK ELQDLALQGA KERAHQQKKH SGFEDELSEV LENQSSQAEL KEAVEEPSSK DVME.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Transcription Factor-A Recombinant Human

Transcription factor A, mitochondrial, TCF6, TCF6L2, Mitochondrial transcription factor 1, Transcription factor 6-like 2, MtTF1, mtTFA, TCF6L1, TCF6L3.

Product # :

PRO-095

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Description

TFAM produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 225 amino acids (43-246.a.a) and having a molecular mass of 26.6kDa. TFAM is fused to a 21 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The TFAM protein solution (0.25mg/1ml) is formulated in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH8.0), 0.2M NaCl, 5mM DTT and 20% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
TFAM is a mitochondrial transcription factor which is a main activator of mitochondrial transcription and is also a participant in mitochondrial genome replication. TFAM is situated primarily in the nuclei of elongated spermatids and takes part in the regulation of gene expression of the haploid male genome. TFAM is linked to mitochondrial disorder in humans characterized by ocular myopathy, exercise intolerance and muscle wasting.
Synonyms
Transcription factor A, mitochondrial, TCF6, TCF6L2, Mitochondrial transcription factor 1, Transcription factor 6-like 2, MtTF1, mtTFA, TCF6L1, TCF6L3.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time.Please avoid freeze thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MSSVLASCPK KPVSSYLRFS KEQLPIFKAQ NPDAKTTELI RRIAQRWREL PDSKKKIYQD AYRAEWQVYK EEISRFKEQL TPSQIMSLEK EIMDKHLKRK AMTKKKELTL LGKPKRPRSA YNVYVAERFQ EAKGDSPQEK LKTVKENWKN LSDSEKELYI QHAKEDETRY HNEMKSWEEQ MIEVGRKDLL RRTIKKQRKY GAEEC

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Amphiregulin Human Recombinant

Schwannoma-derived growth factor, Colorectum cell-derived growth factor, AR, CRDGF, SDGF, AREGB, MGC13647.

Product # :

CYT-041

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Description

Amphiregulin (AREG) Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 98 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 11.3 KDa.The AREG is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in PBS, pH7.4.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Determined by its ability to stimulate the proliferation of mouse Balb/c 3T3 cells. The expected ED₅₀ for this effect is 5-10 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 100,000-200,000units/mg.

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Synonyms
Schwannoma-derived growth factor, Colorectum cell-derived growth factor, AR, CRDGF, SDGF, AREGB, MGC13647.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized AREG although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution AREG should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized AREG in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
SVRVEQVVKP PQNKTESENT SDKPKRKKKG GKNGKNRRNR KKKNPCNAEF QNFCIHGECK YIEHLEAVTC KCQQEYFGER CGEKSMKTHS MIDSSLSK.
Background
Amphiregulin Human Recombinant: Exploring its Role in Cancer Biology and Therapeutic Applications
Abstract:

Amphiregulin, a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, has gained significant attention in cancer research. This research paper provides an overview of Amphiregulin human recombinant, highlighting its molecular characteristics, signaling pathways, and therapeutic potential. Understanding the multifaceted role of Amphiregulin opens avenues for targeted cancer therapies. This article provides a concise analysis of Amphiregulin, emphasizing its impact on cancer biology and its therapeutic applications.
Introduction:

Cancer continues to be a significant health challenge worldwide, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. Amphiregulin, an EGF family member, has emerged as a promising target in cancer research. This paper provides an overview of Amphiregulin, shedding light on its structure, function, and therapeutic potential.
Amphiregulin Signaling and Mechanisms:

Amphiregulin exerts its effects through the binding and activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR). Upon activation, a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways is triggered, including the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. These pathways regulate critical cellular processes such as cell proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis.
Amphiregulin in Cancer Biology:

Amphiregulin has been implicated in various aspects of cancer biology, including tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Its overexpression is observed in several cancer types, and its role in promoting tumor growth and metastasis has been demonstrated in preclinical studies. Targeting Amphiregulin signaling shows promise in inhibiting cancer progression and overcoming therapy resistance.
Therapeutic Potential of Amphiregulin Human Recombinant:

Amphiregulin human recombinant holds significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Strategies aimed at blocking Amphiregulin-EGFR interactions or inhibiting downstream signaling pathways are being explored as potential therapeutic interventions. Additionally, Amphiregulin could serve as a predictive biomarker to identify patients who are more likely to respond to targeted therapies.
Challenges and Future Directions:

While the therapeutic targeting of Amphiregulin shows promise, several challenges need to be addressed. Further research is required to fully understand the complex interplay between Amphiregulin and other molecular pathways in cancer biology. Additionally, the development of specific and potent inhibitors and the identification of patient selection criteria are important considerations for successful clinical translation.
Conclusion:

Amphiregulin human recombinant represents a promising avenue for targeted cancer therapy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and functional implications of Amphiregulin in cancer biology offers new opportunities for developing innovative treatments. Continued research in this field has the potential to improve patient outcomes and contribute to the advancement of personalized medicine.
What is the molecular weight/Mw of AREG Protein?
AREG Protein has a total Mw of 11.3kDa.

What is the source or expression system of AREG Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of AREG Protein?
AREG Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of AREG Protein?
Determined by its ability to stimulate the proliferation of mouse Balb/c 3T3 cells. The expected ED50 for this effect is 5-10 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 100,000-200,000units/mg.

What is the amino acid sequence of AREG Protein?
SVRVEQVVKP PQNKTESENT SDKPKRKKKG GKNGKNRRNR KKKNPCNAEF QNFCIHGECK YIEHLEAVTC KCQQEYFGER CGEKSMKTHS MIDSSLSK.

What applications can AREG Protein be used in?
AREG Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for AREG Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, AREG Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

IFN-Gamma Mouse Recombinant

Immune IFN, type II IFN, T cell IFN, MAF, IFNG, IFG, IFI, IFN-gamma.

Product # :

CYT-358

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Description

IFN-gamma Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 134 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 15.6kDa.The IFN-gamma is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated (1mg/ml) solution in PBS, pH 7.4 and 5% trehalose.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The specific activity as determined in a viral resistance assay is < 0.1 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 10,000,000 IU/mg

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Introduction
IFN-gamma produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens.
IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions, it is a potent activator of macrophages, and has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I IFNs.
Synonyms
Immune IFN, type II IFN, T cell IFN, MAF, IFNG, IFG, IFI, IFN-gamma.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized IFN-gamma although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution IFN-gamma should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized IFN-gamma in sterile distilled water or 20mM AcOH at concentrations ranging between 0.1mg-0.5mg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MHGTVIESLE SLNNYFNSSG IDVEEKSLFL DIWRNWQKDG DMKILQSQII SFYLRLFEVL KDNQAISNNI SVIESHLITT FFSNSKAKKD AFMSIAKFEV NNPQVQRQAF NELIRVVHQL LPESSLRKRK RSRC.
Background
What is the molecular weight/Mw of IFNG MOUSE Protein?
IFNG MOUSE Protein has a total Mw of 15.6kDa.

What is the source or expression system of IFNG MOUSE Protein?
Escherichia Coli.

What is the Purity of IFNG MOUSE Protein?
IFNG MOUSE Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of IFNG MOUSE Protein?
The specific activity as determined in a viral resistance assay is < 0.1 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 10,000,000 IU/mg

What is the amino acid sequence of IFNG MOUSE Protein?
MHGTVIESLE SLNNYFNSSG IDVEEKSLFL DIWRNWQKDG DMKILQSQII SFYLRLFEVL KDNQAISNNI SVIESHLITT FFSNSKAKKD AFMSIAKFEV NNPQVQRQAF NELIRVVHQL LPESSLRKRK RSRC.

What applications can IFNG MOUSE Protein be used in?
IFNG MOUSE Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for IFNG MOUSE Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, IFNG MOUSE Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (113 a.a.) Human Recombinant

Transforming growth factor beta-1, TGF-beta-1, CED, DPD1, TGFB, TGF-b 1.

Product # :

CYT-679

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Description

TGF-b 1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 113 amino acids (279-390 a.a.) and having a total molecular mass of 12.9 kDa. TGF-b 1 (113 a.a.) is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The TGF-b 1 solution contains 10mM Sodium Citrate (pH3.5) and 10% glycerol.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Introduction
Transforming growth factor betas (TGFBetas) mediate many cell-cell interactions that occur during embryonic development. Three TGFBetas have been identified in mammals. TGFBeta1, TGFBeta2 and TGFBeta3 are each synthesized as precursor proteins that are very similar in that each is cleaved to yield a 112 amino acid polypeptide that remains associated with the latent portion of the molecule.
Synonyms
Transforming growth factor beta-1, TGF-beta-1, CED, DPD1, TGFB, TGF-b 1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Amino Acid Sequence
MALDTNYCFS STEKNCCVRQ LYIDFRKDLG WKWIHEPKGY HANFCLGPCP YIWSLDTQYS KVLALYNQHN PGASAAPCCV PQALEPLPIVYYVGRKPKVE QLSNMIVRSC KCS.
Background
Title: Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (113 a.a.) Human Recombinant: A Key Regulator of Cellular Processes with Therapeutic Potential
Abstract:

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and immune modulation. The development of TGF-β1 human recombinant proteins has provided valuable tools for studying its biological functions and therapeutic applications. This research paper explores the production process, characteristics, and potential therapeutic uses of TGF-β1 human recombinant, highlighting its importance and clinical significance.
Introduction:

TGF-β1 is a pivotal cytokine involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue repair, and immune regulation. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of TGF-β1 has been facilitated by the development of TGF-β1 human recombinant proteins using recombinant DNA technology. These recombinant proteins have become valuable tools for investigating the biological functions of TGF-β1 and exploring its therapeutic applications.
Production Process and Characteristics:

TGF-β1 human recombinant proteins are produced using recombinant DNA technology, allowing for the expression of the TGF-β1 gene in different host systems. The resulting recombinant proteins possess similar structural and functional characteristics to native TGF-β1. They exhibit the ability to bind to the TGF-β receptor, initiate intracellular signaling pathways, and modulate various cellular responses.
Therapeutic Applications:

TGF-β1 human recombinant proteins have shown promise in a wide range of therapeutic applications. They have been investigated for their potential in tissue regeneration and wound healing, as TGF-β1 plays a crucial role in promoting cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production. Additionally, TGF-β1 has been studied in the context of fibrotic diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis and liver fibrosis, where it is implicated in the fibrotic cascade. Furthermore, TGF-β1 has been explored as a potential target for antitumor therapies due to its involvement in tumor progression and immune evasion.
Advantages and Challenges:

The use of TGF-β1 human recombinant proteins offers several advantages, including the ability to study and manipulate its biological functions in a controlled manner. Recombinant proteins also provide a consistent and reproducible source of TGF-β1, overcoming the challenges associated with sourcing native TGF-β1 from biological samples. However, challenges remain in optimizing production processes, ensuring correct protein folding, and maintaining protein stability.
Conclusion:

TGF-β1 human recombinant proteins have emerged as valuable tools for studying the biological functions of TGF-β1 and exploring its therapeutic applications. The production of TGF-β1 recombinant proteins using recombinant DNA technology allows for the investigation of its diverse roles in cellular processes. The therapeutic potential of TGF-β1 human recombinant proteins extends to tissue regeneration, fibrotic diseases, and cancer research. Continued research and development efforts are essential to further optimize production processes, address challenges, and fully exploit the clinical benefits of TGF-β1 human recombinant proteins.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Interleukin-36 Gamma Human Recombinant

Interleukin 36 gamma, IL1F9, interleukin 1 family member 9, Interleukin-1 epsilon, IL-1RP2, IL-1H1, IL1E, interleukin 1-related protein 2, Interleukin-1 homolog 1.

Product # :

CYT-160

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Description

IL36G Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 169 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 18.7kDa.The IL36G is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in 1×PBS, pH 7.4 and 5% trehalose.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA to bind recombinant human IL-1 Rrp2 Fc Chimera.

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Introduction
IL-36gamma belongs to the IL-1 family which includes IL-1b, IL-1a, IL-1ra, IL-18, IL-36 Ra (IL-1F5), IL-36a (IL-1F6), IL-36b (IL-1F8), IL-37 (IL-1F7) and IL-1F10. ). The IL-1 family members display a 12 b-strand, b-trefoil configuration, and are thought to have ascended from a mutual ancestral gene. IL-36g is an 18-22 kDa, 169aa intracellular and secreted protein which holds no signal sequence, no prosegment and no potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Human IL-36g shares 58%- 69% aa sequence homology with mouse, rat, bovine and equine IL-36g, and 23 - 57% aa sequence homology with other family members. The IL-36g receptor is a mixture of IL-1 Rrp2, mostly located in epithelia and keratinocytes, and the extensively expressed IL-1 RAcP. All IL-36 (a, b and g) activate N F-?B and MAPK pathways in an IL-1 Rrp2 dependent reaction. Additionally, IL-36g induces production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines like CXCL8/IL-8.
Synonyms
Interleukin 36 gamma, IL1F9, interleukin 1 family member 9, Interleukin-1 epsilon, IL-1RP2, IL-1H1, IL1E, interleukin 1-related protein 2, Interleukin-1 homolog 1.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized IL36g Human although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution IL36g should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C.Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized IL36g in sterile 18M-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
MRGTPGDADG GGRAVYQSMC KPITGTINDL NQQVWTLQGQ NLVAVPRSDS VTPVTVAVIT CKYPEALEQG RGDPIYLGIQ NPEMCLYCEK VGEQPTLQLK EQKIMDLYGQ PEPVKPFLFY RAKTGRTSTL ESVAFPDWFI ASSKRDQPII LTSELGKSYN TAFELNIND

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Description:

Leptin-A Tilapia Recombinant

Product # :

CYT-1109

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Description

Leptin-A Tilapia Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 161 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 16,491 Dalton. The Leptin-A Tilapia is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a concentrated (1mg/ml) solution containing NaHCO3 at 1:2 salt: protein ratio.

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by:
(a) Gel filtration analysis.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

Tilapia leptins were found to be biologically active in promoting proliferation of BAF/3 cells stably transfected with the long form of human leptin receptor, but their activity was lower than that of mammalian leptin. Furthermore, the Tilapia leptins were biologically active in promoting STAT‐LUC activation in COS7 cells transfected with Tilapia leptin receptor but not in cells transfected with human leptin receptor. Tilapia Leptin A was more active than Tilapia Leptin B.

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Introduction
Leptin is a protein hormone. It is mainly produced in adipose cells that regulate energy homeostasis by restraining hunger. Leptin ties to nuclear receptors in the hypothalamus (arcuate nucleus). Similar to insulin resistance in type II diabetes, in obesity there is a decrease in the sensitivity towards leptin, ending in a failure to identify satiety, even in high levels of energy stores or leptin itself. Full-length cDNA encoding 2 leptin sequences (tLepA and tLepB) and 1 leptin receptor sequence (tLepR) exists in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The full-length cDNA of tLepR is 3423 bp, encoding a protein of 1140 amino acid which contained all functionally important domains conserved among vertebrate leptin receptors. The cDNAs of tLepA and tLepB are 486 bp and 459 bp in length, encoding proteins of 161 aa and 152 aa, respectively. The three-dimensional structures of tLepA and tLepB demonstrates strong conservation of tertiary structure with that of human leptin comprised of 4 helixes.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Stability
Lyophilized Leptin-A Tilapia although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution Leptin-A Tilapia should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Solubility
It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Leptin-A Tilapia in sterile water or 0.4% NaHCO3 adjusted to pH 8-9, not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Amino Acid Sequence
The first six N-terminal amino acids of recombinant Tilapia leptin A are Ala-Pro-Leu-Pro-Val-Glu.
Protein content
Protein quantitation was carried out by UV spectroscopy at 280 nm using the absorbency value of 1.33 for 1 mg/ml Leptin-A Tilapia as the extinction coefficient for a 0.1% (1mg/ml) solution at pH 8.0. This value is calculated by the DNAman computer analysis program of protein sequences.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

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