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TRAIL Receptor-4 Human Recombinant or TNFRSF10D, is part of the TNF-receptor superfamily. TNFRSF10D has atruncated cytoplasmic death domai , an extracellular TRAIL-binding domain and a transmembrane domain. The protein can prevent from TRAIL-mediated apoptosis on cells with TRAIL R1 and/or TRAIL R2.

Neuregulin/Heregulin is a family of structurally related polypeptide growth factors which are stemmed from alternatively spliced genes (NRG1, NRG2, NRG3 and NRG4). Thus far, there are more than 14 soluble and transmembrane proteins derived from the NRG1 gene. Proteolytic processing of the extracellular domain of the transmembrane NRG1 isoforms release soluble growth factors. These isoforms contain the heregulins (HRGs), glial growth factors (GGFs) and sensory and motor neuron-derived factor (SMDF). All these factors have the Ig and EGF-like domain, and are able to bind to ErbB3 and ErbB4 receptor tyrosin kinases. This binding stimulates erb3 and erb4 heterodimerization with erb2, promoting intrinsic kinase activity, which results in tyrosine phosphorylation. NRG1 isoforms act to induce the growth and differentiation of epithelial, neuronal, glial, and other types of cells.

SPRY domain-containing SOCS box protein 1 (SPSB1) belongs to the SOCS box protein subfamily. SPSB1 includes a central SPRY domain and a C-terminal SOCS box. Even though, some of the SOCS protein subfamilies function as adaptors for a large family of ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligases to regulate certain signaling pathways, the function of the SSB subfamily remains to be determined. SPSB1 may have an imperative role in enhancing the HGF-induced Erk-Elk-1-SRE pathway. SPSB1 overexpression exhibited no effect on the basal level or epidermal growth factor-induced SRE-luciferase activity.

DnaK, originally identified for its DNA replication by bacteriophage l in E. coli is the bacterial hsp70 chaperone. This protein is involved in the folding and assembly of newly synthesized polypeptide chains and in preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins. Dnak(residues 508-638) of the substrate binding domain is a-helical and appears to act as a lid covering the substrate binding cleft. DnaK(amino acid 508-638) was purified to apparent homogeneity by using conventional column chromatography techniques. Additional amino acid (Met) is attached at N- terminus.

KCTD15 protein is encoded in humans by the KCTD15 gene. KCTD15 is expressed at a high level in the brain and the hypothalamus. The potassium channel KCTD15 was identified as a genetic loci linked to higher than normal BMI in humans along with genes such as GNPDA2, MTCH2, FTO, and TMEM18. SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) in non-diabetic and diabetic patients showed that FTO was most strongly associated with obesity while MTCH2 and GNPDA2 were still notably associated with higher than normal BMI levels.

Enoyl CoA hydratase domain containing 1 (ECHDC1) is a member of the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family. ECHDC1 is an enzyme which hydrates the double bond between the second and third carbons on acyl-CoA. The ECHDC1 enzyme is crucial to metabolizing fatty acids to supply both acetyl CoA and energy.

Canopy 3 homolog (CNPY3) is a 271 a.aToll-like receptor specific co-chaperone for HSP90B1. CNPY3 is necessitated for proper TLR folding, excluding that of TLR3, and so controls TLR exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, CNPY3i s required for both innate and adaptive immune responses.

Guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate)-pyrophosphohydrolase MESH1 (HDDC3) contains an active site for ppGpp hydrolysis and a conserved His-Asp-box motif for Mn(2+) binding. In accordance with its structure, HDDC3 effectively catalyzes the hydrolysis of guanosine 3',5'-diphosphate (ppGpp) both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, HDDC3 suppresses SpoT-deficient lethality and RelA-induced delayed cell growth in bacteria.

KCTD4 also known as Potassium Channel Tetramerisation Domain Containing 4 has an N-terminal homodimerization domain which contains multiple copies of kelch repeats and C2H2-type zinc fingers. Proteins which include BTB domains are consider being involved in transcriptional regulation through control of chromatin structure and function. In addition, KCTD4 is a 259 amino acid protein which contains one BTB domain, a possible role as a transcriptional regulator may be suggested.

Gastrokine-1 (GKN1) is a member of the gastrokine family. GKN1 has mitogenic activity and is involved in preserving the integrity of the gastric mucosal epithelium. GKN1 is down-regulated in human gastric cancer tissue in comparison to normal gastric mucosa. GKN1 is expressed in the stomach; however no expression is detected in cancer tissue or gastric cancer cell lines.

Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein 3 (HDHD3) is a member of the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. This family of hydrolase enzymes includes L-2-haloacid dehalogenase, epoxide hydrolases and phosphatases.

SH3 and Cysteine Rich Domain, which is also known as STAC, holds one phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc finger and one SH3 domain. STAC takes part in a neuron-specific signal transduction.

TSC22 domain family protein 3 (TSC22D3) protects T-cells from IL2 deprivation-induced apoptosis through the inhibition of FOXO3A transcriptional activity which initiates the down-regulation of the pro-apoptotic factor BCL2L11. In macrophages, TSC22D3 has a role in the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids and IL10. In T-cells, TSC22D3 hinders anti-CD3-induced NFKB1 nuclear translocation. In vitro, TSC22D3 curbs AP1 and NFKB1 DNA-binding activities.

SARS-Associated Coronavirus Nuclecapsid is an enveloped viral componentthat contains three external structural antigens, the mains are membrane (M), envelope (E), and spike (S) proteins. Spike (S)-glycoprotein of the virus interacts with a membrenal receptor and mediates membrane fusion to grant viral entry into the target cells. therefore, S-protein has a crucial part in virus infection cycle and is the main target of neutralizing antibodies.

Metallophosphoesterase domain containing 2 (MPPED2) is a member of the UPF0046 family. MPPED2 displays low metallophosphoesterase activity, in vitro. In addition, MPPED2 encodes a metallophosphoesterase. MPPED2 may take part in the development of the nervous system, brain development. Among the diseases associated with MPPED2 are wagr syndrome, and aniridia.

Tribbles Pseudokinase 3, also known as TRIB3, is a putative protein kinase which is induced by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. In addition, TRIB3 is a negative regulator of NF-kappaB, and can as well sensitize cells to TNF- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, TRIB3 is able to negatively regulate the cell survival serine-threonine kinase AKT1. One of the diseases which are associated with TRIB3 is anoxia.

Ras association domain-containing protein 3 (RASSF3) is a ubiquitously expressed protein found in normal and cancerous tissues. RASSF3 is a member of RASSF family whose members contain a highly conserved Ras association domain (Ral GDS/AF-6 or RA) and function as Ras effectors/tumor suppressors. RASSF3 contains an N-terminal RA domain and a coiled-coil SARAH domain and may have 3 isoforms (RASSF3A, RASSF3B and RASSF3C) due to alternative splicing. RASSF3B and RASSF3C are shorter than RASSF3A and do not contain the RA and SARAH domain.

UBX Domain Protein 2B (UBXN2B) is a 331 amino acid protein which comprises one UBX domain and one SEP domain. UBXN2B is essential for ER and Golgi biogenesis and also takes a place in their maintenance during interphase, as well as their reassembly at the end of mitosis. Through interaction with VCP, UBXN2B forms a complex that has membrane fusion activity.

Semaphorin-4D (CD100) is a member of the semaphorin family containing 1 Ig-like C2-type domain, 1 PSI domain and 1 Sema domain. CD100 is the cell surface receptor forPLXN1B and PLXNB2 which plays a central role in cell-cell signaling. CD100 stimulates the migration of cerebellar granule cells and of endothelial cells, regulates dendrite and axon branching and morphogenesis. In addition, CD100 has a role in the immune system; it promotes signaling via SRC and PTK2B/PYK2, which subsequently mediates activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and of the AKT1 signaling cascade.

FANK1 was localized in the nuclei of identical cells in the seminiferous epithelium. Depending on its nuclear localization, a gene ontology analysis proposes that FANK1 has a DNA binding activity therefor operates as a transcription factor. The extremely controlled expression of FANK1, suggests that it takes part in regulating gene expression in the transition from the meiotic phase to the haploid phase throughout spermatogenesis.

PDLIM1, a cytoplasmic protein linked to the cytoskeleton, belongs to the enigma protein family. PDLIM1 holds two protein interacting domains - PDZ domain at the amino terminal end and one to three LIM domains at the carboxyl terminal. PDLIM1 enables bringing other LIM interacting proteins to the cytoskeleton. Pseudogenes related to PDLIM1 are situated on chromosomes 3, 14 and 17.

WW Domain Containing Transcription Regulator 1 (WWTR1) is a transcriptional coactivator that plays a role as a downstream regulatory target in the Hippo signaling pathway which participates in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. WWTR1 regulates the nuclear accumulation of SMADS and has a main part in coupling them to the transcriptional machinery like the mediator complex. WWTR1 is also regulates embryonic stem-cell self-renewal.

Inositol monophosphatase 3 (IMPAD1) belongs to the inositol monophosphatase family. IMPAD1 is restricted to the Golgi apparatus and catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphoadenosine phosphate (PAP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). IMPAD1 gene mutations cause the GRAPP type chondrodysplasia with joint dislocations, and a pseudogene of the IMPAD1 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 1.

HDHD2 is a member of the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily which includes L-2-haloacid dehalogenase, epoxide hydrolases and phosphatases. There are two active sites in HDHD2 - an L-2-haloacid dehalogenase and a carboxylate group. The L-2-haloacid dehalogenase active site catalyzes the hydrolytic dehalogenation of D- and L-2-haloalkanoic acids, producing L- and D-2-hydroxyalkanoic acids.