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PDCD6IP is a Class E VPS protein which participates in concentration and sorting of cargo proteins of the multivesicular body or incorporation into intralumenal vesicles that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome. PDCD6IP binds to the phospholipid lysobisphosphatidic acid which is abundant in MVBs internal membranes. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential function of ESCRT-O, -I,-II and -III complexes. PDCD6IP is an adapter for a subset of ESCRT-III proteins, such as CHMP4, to function at distinct membranes. PDCD6IP is mandatory for completion of cytokinesis. PDCD6IP takes part in HIV-1 virus budding. PDCD6IP replaces TSG101 in its function of supporting HIV-1 release. PDCD6IP takes part in the regulation of both apoptosis and cell proliferation. PDCD6IP is a cytoplasmic protein that cooperates with apoptosis-associated proteins (ALG-2 and PDCD6) and with the endocytosis-regulator CIN85. Overexpression of PDCD6IP and endophilin

PDRG1 is a 133 amino acid protein that localizes to the cytoplasm and belongs to the prefoldin subunit beta family. PDRG1 is expressed primarily in normal testicular tissue, it is functionally induced by ultraviolet light and is thought to have a role in chaperone-mediated protein folding, possibly having a role in cellular degradation. PDRG1 is linked to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, ring chromosome 20 epilepsy syndrome and Alagille syndrome.

COX Assembly Mitochondrial Protein 1(CMC1) is a member of the CMC family. CMC1 is required for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly and respiration. CMC1 attaches copper and might be involved in copper trafficking and distribution to COX and SOD1.

Cathepsin-A (CTSA) is a protective protein which is crucial for both the activity of beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase, CTSA associates with these enzymes and exerts a protective function required for their stability and activity. The CTSA protein is also a carboxypeptidase and can deamidate tachykinins. CTSA is a component of the lysosomal multienzyme complex along with beta-galactosidase and sialidase Neu1. CTSA is a multicatalytic enzyme with deamidase and esterase in addition to carboxypeptidase activities.

SCGN is a secreted calcium-binding protein which is found in the cytoplasm. It is related to calbindin D-28K and calretinin. Secretagogin is involved in KCL-stimulated calcium flux and cell proliferation.
Secretagogin plays a role in human non-functional pituitary adenomas.

CARD18 belongs to the death-domain-fold superfamily which is induced by proinflammatory stimuli. CARD18 contains basically only a Caspase recruitment domain, inhibits generation of IL-1b by cooperating with caspase-1 and inhibiting connotation with RIP 2. The connotation of CARD18 to caspase-1 is enabled by the charge-charge interactions between the prodomain of caspase-1 and the surface charge of CARD18.

Centromere proteins are a group of proteins which form and/or mediate the function of centromeres, the central structures of chromosomes to which spindle fibers/microtubuli attach and pull the chromosomes apart in cell division. Currently, 9 centromere proteins are known and designated CENPA to CENP-I. Most of the centromere proteins are targets of autoantibodies, the anti-centromere antibodies.
CENPB is the most important of the centromeric autoantigens: it has a molecular weight of approx. 66 kDa and plays an important role in the formation of the centromeric chromatin. CENPB antibodies are present in the sera of up to 80% of patients with CREST syndrome.

Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT or Tau) is a protein that stabilizes microtubules. MAPT is abundant in neurons in the central nervous system and is less common elsewhere. When MAPT is defective, and no longer stabilizes microtubules properly, it can result in dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease.

ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform L (liver) (ATP5C1) is a member of the ATPase gamma chain family. ATP5C1 catalyzes ATP synthesis by using an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane throughout oxidative phosphorylation. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase is comprised of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) gathered with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3.

UBE2E3 or Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E3 is part of the E2 ubiquitinconjugating enzyme family. UBE2E3 is needed for the destruction of mitotic cyclins and for cell cycle progression. The ubiquitination process covalently attaches to a short protein of 76 amino acids called ubiquitin, to a lysine residue on the target protein. When a protein has been tagged with one ubiquitin molecule, other rounds of ubiquitination form a polyubiquitin chain that is recognized by the proteasome's 19S regulatory particle, triggering the ATP-dependent unfolding of the target protein which grants passage into the proteasome's 20S core particle, where proteases degrade the target into short peptide fragments for recycling by the cell.

UBE2W receives ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro, UBE2W catalyzes monoubiquitination and 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitination. UBE2W is broadly expressed, particularly at highest levels in the testis.

PSMA1 is a prosomal protein who takes part in a nonlysosomal ATP/ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. PSMA1 is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its capacity to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu next to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. PSMA1 is vastly expressed in prostate epithelium.

Nuclear Apoptosis Inducing Factor 1 (NAIF1) is a part of the NAIF1 family. NAIF1 Interacts with HARBI1 and Induces apoptosis.

SIL1 is localized to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). SIL1 is an N-linked glycoprotein with an N-terminal ER targeting sequence, 2 putative N-glycosylation sites, and a C-terminal ER retention signal. SIL1 acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for another unfolded protein response protein. Mutations in SIL1 are linked to Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome.

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4, also known as KIR2DL4 is part of the killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals through an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), whereas KIR proteins which contain the short cytoplasmic domain, lack the ITIM motif and as a substitute associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. KIR2DL4 stimulates NK cells to produce IFN-gamma and stimulation with IL-2 upregulates cell surface expression on CD56dimcells and leads to the inhibition of the cytolytic NK cell function.

Apoptosis-Inducing Factor, Mitochondrion-Associated, 1 (AIFM1) is a mitochondrial protein which translocates to the nucleus once apoptosis has been initiated. AIFM1 causes DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation and also triggers the release of cytochrome c and caspase-9 from mitochondria. Bcl-2 overexpression prevents the release of AIFM1 from mitochondria, but doesn’t block its apoptogenic activity.

Alpha-synuclein or SNCA is a synuclein protein. SNCA mainly found in the brain, small concentration of the protein can also be located in other tissues such as heart and muscle. When looking in the brain tissue, SNCA is located in the end of the neuron, in an area called presynaptic terminal. In the presynaptic terminal SNCA has interaction with phospholipids & other proteins. Neurotransmitters are released from the synaptic vesicles in the Presynaptic terminals and act as messengers. Once released, the neurotransmitters send signals across the neurons that are crucial for the brain’s operation.

SNCA or Alpha-synuclein is a protein with undisclosed function that mainly concentrated in the brain tissue, mainly in the tips of the neurons in the presynaptic terminals. Almost 1% of the proteins in the brain tissues are synucleins. The protein is located mainly in the hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum & neocortex. Smaller amounts of the SNCA protein can be found in the neuroglial cells. The MITF protein regulates the SNCA expression in melanocytic cells.

Protein Phosphatase 1D (PPM1D) belongs to the PP2C family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases whose members are negative regulators of cell stress response pathways. PPM1D is induced by tumor suppressor protein TP53/p53 in response to multiple environmental stresses. PPM1D is a negative regulator of the activity of p38 MAP kinase through which it reduces the phosphorylation of p53 and suppresses p53-mediated transcription and apoptosis. PPM1D is located in a chromosomal area which enlarges in breast cancer.

Advanced Glycosylation End Product-Specific Receptor or RAGE is an immunoglobulin, part of the immunoglobulin transmembrane proteins family. RAGE moderates interactions between advanced glycosylation end products, also known as AGE. These signaling has a crucial part in the regulation of TNFalpha,oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetesproduction and expression. RAGE helps the translocation of ABPP (amyloid-beta peptide) through the membrane of cells to the intracellular area in the cortical neurons.

FLT3 ligand is a receptor for the fl cytokine has a tyrosine-protein kinase activity & a growth factor that regulates proliferation of early hematopoietic cells. Flt3-Ligand synergizes with other CSFs and interleukins to induce growth and differentiation.

MECR catalyzes the reduction of trans-2-enoyl-CoA to acyl-CoA with chain length from C6 to C16 in an NADPH dependent manner with preference to medium chain length substrate. MECR protein takes part in the mitochondrial synthesis of fatty acids.