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Proteasome subunit alpha type-2 (PSMA2) is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. PSMA2 is a 20S core alpha subunit of proteasome belonging to the peptidase T1A family. PSMA2 functions as a docking domain for the regulatory particles and exterior gates blocking unregulated access to the inner cavity.

Syndecan 2 (SDC2) is a conserved family of heparan- and chondroitin-sulfate carrying transmembrane protein. Syndecan 2 is a cell membrane proteoglycan which modulates the activity and dynamics of some growth factor receptors and integrins. SDC2 is expressed in HSCs (hepatic stellate cells), a key cell type involved in matrix deposition in liver fibrotic disorders. SDC2 is implicated in the formation of specialized membrane domains and serves as a direct link between the extracellular environment and the organization of the cortical cytoplasm.

Cell surface glycoprotein MUC18 (MCAM), is an integral membrane glycoprotein which is part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. MCAM is related with a variety of carcinomas such as tumor progression, metastasis and is also implicated in embryonic neural development. In Addition, MCAM takes part in cell adhesion, as well as in cohesion of the endothelial monolayer at the intercellular junctions in vascular tissue.

Sorting nexin-5 (SNX5) belongs to the sorting nexin family, whose members contains a phox (PX) domain, (which is a phosphoinositide binding domain) and are involved in intracellular trafficking. SNX5 protein is a component of the mammalian retromer complex, which facilitates cargo recovery from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. SNX5 binds to the Fanconi anemia, complementation group A protein.

COPZ1 is a member of the adaptor complexes small subunit family. Coatomer is an oligomeric complex which contains as a minimum the alpha, beta, beta', gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta subunits. The zeta subunit has a part in regulating the coat assembly and, therefore, the rate of biosynthetic protein transport due to its association-dissociation properties with the coatomer complex.

COMP is a non-collagenous glycoprotein and is belongs to the thrombospondin family of extracellular proteins. COMP is a calcium-binding protein of high molecular weight (>500kDa) found in the extracellular matrix of articular, nasal and tracheal cartilage. COMP is not only cartilage-derived but is common in other tissues, such as synovium and tendon. Intact COMP is pentameric, with 5 equal subunits and the carboxy-terminal globular domain of native COMP binds to collagens I, II, and IX. COMP molecules are vital for conserving the properties and integrity of collagen network. Moreover, COMP has a storage and delivery function for hydrophobic cellsignaling molecules such as vitamin D. Mutations of the COMP gene cause Pseudoachondroplasia and some forms of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia which implicates that it is vital that COMP develops and functions normally.

L-Selectin belongs to a family of divalent cation-dependent carbohydrate-binding glycoproteins or adhesion molecules. The L-Selectin molecule is composed of various domains: one homologous to lectins, one to epidermal growth factor, and two to the consensus repeat units found in C3/C4 binding proteins.
L-selectin is expressed constitutively on lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes and interacts specifically with carbohydrate groups on activated endothelial cells. L-Selectin may be shed by proteolytic cleavage and circulating levels in biological fluids may be used as an indicator of various pathological conditions. L-Selectin is cleaved by ADAM17.
L-selectin works as a "homing receptor" for leukocytes to enter secondary lymphoid tissues via the high endothelial venules. Ligands present on endothelial cells will attach to leukocytes expressing L-selectin, which causes the leukocytes to become localized at that juncture. The receptor is also located on the cell surfaces of "naive" T cells, which have not yet encountered their particular antigen. This surface expression is lost following the cells activation.

Solute Carrier Family 51 Beta (SLC51B), is a protein coding gene. SLC51B is an organic solute transporter subunit. SLC51 is composed of twodifferent proteins that must heterodimerize to generate transport activity, however the role of the individual subunits inmediating transport activity is unknown. The results show that SLC51B is required for both proper traffickingof SLC51A and formation of the functional transport unit, and identify specific residues of SLC51B essential for theseprocesses. Among the diseases associated with SLC51B are extrahepatic cholestasis, and biliary atresia.

PTX-2 or Pentraxin-2 is a phylogenetically conserved protein, commonly moving with homopentameric blood protein or with a protein that recognizes receptors of the innate immune system. The protein’s specific binding abilities may show that PTX-2 is specially bound in sites where injury accrued, therefore helps to eliminate damaged tissue by ways that are not phlogistics.

rRNA-processing protein UTP23 homolog (UTP23) is a small subunit (SSU) processome component. The SSU processome is a complex involved in ribosome biogenesis and essential for pre-18S rRNA maturation. UTP23 is vital for the first 3 cleavage steps in 18S rRNA maturation. Furthermore, single-point mutations in the conserved putative active site of Utp24 but not Utp23 annul its function in ribosome biogenesis.

NFATC2, also known as nuclear factor of activated T-cells 2, belongs to the nuclear factor of activated T cells family. NFATC2 takes a significant part in the course of T helper cell differentiation, activation, and effector function. Even though KO of an individual NFAT isoform in T cells directs to rather minor effects, T cells lacking for NFATC1 and 2 totally fail to produce T helper cell effector cytokines, for instance the interleukins IL-4 and IL-2. Moreover, NFATC2 is highly phosphorylated and kept in the cytoplasm. Next T cell receptor stimulation, dephosphorylation via calcium-activated calcineurin induces a conformational modification of NFATC2 which reveals a few nuclear localization sequences.

Collagen triple helix repeat-containing protein 1 (CTHRC1) functions as a negative regulator of collagen matrix deposition. CTHRC1 is a secreted 28kDa protein which is glycosylated and highly conserved from lower chordates to mammals. CTHRC1 is highly connected with calcified tissues and cartilaginous matrix, but not with endothelial cells. CTHRC1 is detected qualitatively in plasma of healthy human subjects. CTHRC1 plasma levels are also significantly elevated during pregnancy, in diabetes, in inflammatory and infectious conditions, in subjects with acute myeloid leukemia but not in subjects with solid cancers. The hormonal functions of CTHRC1 include regulation of lipid storage and cellular glycogen levels with potentially far-reaching implications for cell metabolism and physiology. CTHRC1 gene deletion leads to fatty liver (steatosis) formation in mice while others exhibited inactivation of the CTHRC1 gene also results in low bone mass.

S100A10 is a member of the S100 family of proteins contains two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs and is thought to be involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes including cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 proteins are localized either in the cytoplasm or the nucleus of a wide range of cells. There are at least 13 members in the S100 gene family, which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. S100A10 may function in exocytosis and endocytosis.

Ephrin A5 (EFNA5) is a part of the ephrin ligand family which binds the members of ephrin receptor subfamily of tyrosine kinases and stimulates contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. EFNA5 is mainly expressed in human adult brain, heart, spleen, and ovary and human fetal brain, lung, and kidney.

Serpin Peptidase Inhibitor, Clade C Member 1 (SERPINC1), which is a part of the serpin superfamily, is a plasma protease inhibitor. SERPINC1 inhibits thrombin and other activated serine proteases of the coagulation system, and regulates the blood coagulation cascade. SERPINC1 also inhibits Thrombin and Factors IXa, Xa and XIa. Deficiencies in SERPINC1 can cause ATIII deficiency, an autosomal dominant disease which might lead to a hereditary thrombophilia.

SLAM family member 6 (SLAMF6) is a member of the SLAM family of immune cell receptors. SLAMF6 is a unique receptor on T cells which, when triggered potentiates T cell expansion in a CD28-independent manner. SLAMF6 has a high expression on NK-, T-, and B cells. SLAMF6 exhibits homotypic interactions and can connect with adaptor molecules such as SAP to alter immune cell function.

Cullin1, is an essential component of multiple cullin-RING-based SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, that facilitate the ubiquitination of proteins which take part in cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcription. In the SCF complex. Cullin1 assists in a rigid scaffold which organizes the SKP1-F-box protein and RBX1 subunits. Cullin1 contributes to catalysis by positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme.

CITED2 is a significant transcriptional cofactor that takes part in multiple organ development. CITED2 is a cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CBP)/p300 interacting transcriptional modulator and a negative regulator for HIF1A through its competitive binding with HIF1A to CBP/p300. CITED2 is essential for mouse fetal liver hematopoiesis and is necessary for the appropriate formation of the hyaloid vasculature and for lens morphogenesis. CITED2 is a coactivator of HNF4alpha and necessary for liver development. CITED2 is a coactivator of PPAR-alpha and both participate in signaling cascades of hypoxic response and angiogenesis.

NCALD belongs to the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family. NCALD is cytosolic at inactive calcium levels; but, high intracellular calcium levels induce a conformational transformation which exposes the myristoyl group, causing protein association with membranes and partial co-localization with the perinuclear trans-golgi network. NCALD protein is a regulator of signal transduction by G protein-coupled receptor.

Killer Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C, Member 1 (KLRC1) is a part of the killer cell lectin-like receptor family. KLRC1 functions as a receptor for the detection of MHC class I HLA-E molecules by NK cells and some cytotoxic T-cells. KLRC1 is also connects with CD94 and is expressed on NK cells and some activated T cell.

SERPINB2 is an inhibitory serpin produced primarily in keratinocytes, stimulated monocytes, and placental trophoblasts. SERPINB2 is found primarily as a 47 kDa non-glycosylated intracellular protein that is induced to be secreted as 60 kDa glycoprotein. The glycosylated and unglycosylated SERPINB2 are similarly effective as inhibitors of uPA, the only proven physiological target of SERPINB2.

Proteasome 26S Subunit, Non-ATPase 5, also known as PSMD5 is a member of the proteasome subunit S5B/HSM3 family. The 26S proteasome is an enzymatic complex which degrades ubiquitinated proteins in eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, PSMD5 acts as a chaperones which is involved in the assembly of the 26s proteasome, particularly of the base subcomplex of the PA700/19S regulatory complex. PSMD5 is full of dileucine repeats, which have been involved in trafficking of various transmembrane proteins.

SEPT5 is a member of the septin gene family of nucleotide binding proteins which were initially defined in yeast as cell division cycle regulatory proteins. Septins are extremely conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse and seem to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Interference of septin function disrupts cytokinesis and results in high multinucleate or polyploid cells.

Sarcoglycan Beta, also known as SGCB, is a part of the sarcoglycan family. SGCB belongs to the sarcoglycan complex which is a subcomplex of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex that connects between the F-actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix.