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C1QTNF3 also called Cartducin is a novel angiogenic factor in the formation of neointima following angioplasty. C1QTNF3 a paralog of Acrp30 (adiponectin). C1QTNF3 is a secretory protein produced by chondrogenic precursors & proliferating chondrocytes, and belongs to a novel C1q family of proteins. Cartducin promotes the growth of mesenchymal chondroprogenitor cells & chondrosarcoma-derived chondrocytic cells in vitro. Cartducin stimulates mesenchymal chondroprogenitor cell proliferation through extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathways. C1QTNF3 promotes proliferation & the migration of endothelial cells.

WFDC12 belongs to the WFDC (WAP-type four-disulfide core) domain family. The WAP signature motif or WFDC domain has four disulfide bonds created by eight cysteines at the core of the protein, which operates as a protease inhibitor.

LZIC is a member of the CTNNBIP1 family. LZIC protein is universally expressed, with largest levels in kidney and up-regulated in various cases of gastric cancers. LZIC has no interaction with CTNNB1.

NANOG is a multidomain homeobox transcription factor which functions to maintain the undifferentiated state of pluripotent stem cells. NANOG expression counteracts the differentiation-promoting signals induced by the extrinsic factors LIF, Stat3 and BMP. Once NANOG expression is downregulated, cell differentiation can proceed. Proteins which regulate NANOG expression include transcription factors Oct4, SOX2, FoxD3, and Tcf3 and tumor suppressor p53.

The recombinant Protein A/G/L is a genetically engineered protein which combines the IgG binding profiles of all Protein A, Protein G and Protein L. Protein A/G/L is a gene fusion product. Recombinant fusion protein A/G/L is comprised of 5 Ig-binding regions of protein L (B1-B2-B3-B4-B5), 5 IgG binding domains from Protein A (E-D-A-B-C) and 2 Ig-binding region of protein G (C1-C3). The recombinant Protein A/G/L is ideal for purification of monoclonal or polyclonal IgG antibodies. Protein A/G/L binds to IgG from humans, mice, rats, cows, goats, sheep, rabbits, guinea pigs, pigs, dogs and cats.

PFDN6 is a subunit of the heteromeric prefoldin complex that chaperones developing actin and alpha- and beta-tubulin chains until they are transferred to the cytosolic chaperonin containing TCP1 (CCT) complex. PFDN6 binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN), transfers target proteins to it and bind to developing polypeptide chain to promote folding in a setting where there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins.

SIVA1, also referred to asApoptosis regulatory protein Siva isoform 1, is a death domain-containing proapoptotic protein. It is known as glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene, and also as an intracellular ligand of CD27, which are both members of the TNFR family expressed on lymphoid cells. There isn’t much known about the signalling pathway underlying the Siva-induced apoptosis.SIVA1 expression is modulated in multiple pathological processes.

Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1) is a membrane receptor for both human hepatitis A virus (HHAV) and TIMD4. HAVCR1 is a type I trans-membrane structural glycoprotein located in the renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. HAVCR1 protein may be involved in the control of asthma and allergic diseases. The reference genome represents an allele which retains a MTTVP amino acid segment that presents defense against atopy in HHAV seropositive individuals.

Reg protein was shown to be stimulated during the regeneration of pancreatic islets. Since then, many Reg-related proteins have been identified in humans and other animals. In human, the four REG family genes, i.e., REG 1 alpha, REG 1 beta, REG-related sequence (RS) and HIP/PAP, have so far been isolated. These Reg-related proteins are classified into four subfamilies according to their amino-acid sequences, but they share a similar structure and physiological function. Reg protein is a growth factor for pancreatic beta cells and also suggests that the administration of Reg protein could be used as another therapeutic approach for diabetes mellitus. Human REG cDNA which encodes a 166-amino acid protein with a 22-amino acid signal peptide. The amino acid sequence of human REG protein has 68% homology to that of rat Reg protein.
Reg I was found to be expressed mainly in pancreatic beta and acinoductular cells as well as gastric fundic enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. Reg I production in ECL cells is stimulated by gastrin, as well as by the proinflammatory cytokine, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-2Beta. In patients with chronic hypergastrinemia, Reg production is stimulated, with the increased proliferation of gastric mucosal cells. Patients with Helicobacter pylori infection also showed increased Reg production in the gastric mucosa, partly via increased plasma gastrin concentration and partly via increased proinflammatory cytokine production. The serum concentration of the reg-protein was significantly higher in patients with various pancreatic diseases than in normal controls, and was also significantly higher in patients with acute pancreatitis or chronic relapsing pancreatitis than in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Furthermore, the serum PSP/reg-protein concentration was also significantly increased in liver cirrhosis, choledocholithiasis, and various cancers of the digestive system.

The acute phase plasma protein ORM1 synthesized by the liver mediates the interaction between blood cells and endothelial cells. In addition, together with haptoglobin and C reactive protein, ORM1 regulates the extravasation of the cells through infection and inflammation. Expression of ORM1 is induced by acute-phase stimulatory mediators such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides.

FAM3C is a member of the FAM3 family and holds a GG domain. Pancreatic cancer-derived cells demonstrate a difference in expression of this protein. FAM3C is a downstream target gene for the Nkx5-1 transcription factor, and there for takes part in cell differentiation and proliferation through inner ear embryogenesis. In addition, FAM3C has a role in retinal laminar formation and promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition.

PLAUR is one of 2 activators which convert the extracellular zymogen plasminogen to plasmin, a serine protease involved in a various normal and pathological processes that require cell migration and/or tissue destruction. PLAUR protein is synthesized and released from cells as a single-chain proenzyme with narrow enzymatic activity and is converted to an active two-chain disulfide-linked active enzyme by plasmin and other specific proteinases.

Complement Factor B, also known as CFB, encodes complement factor B which is a component of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Factor B circulates in the blood as a single chain polypeptide. Once the alternative pathway is activated it is cleaved by complement factor D yielding the noncatalytic chain Ba and the catalytic subunit Bb. The active subunit Bb is a serine protease which connects with C3b to form the alternative pathway C3 convertase. Also, Bb is involved in the proliferation of preactivated B lymphocytes, while Ba inhibits their proliferation.

Protein MIS12 Belongs to the mis12 family. MIS12 is an element of the MIS12 complex, which is necessary for kinetochore formation during mitosis and normal chromosome alignment and segregation. The MIS12 complex which comprised of MIS12,DSN1 , NSL1 and PMF-1. MIS12 is section of a network of complexes that supply microtubule attachment and generates pulling forces from depolymerization.

NECTIN3, also known as Nectin Cell Adhesion Molecule 3, is part of the nectin family. NECTIN3 is intended to initiate cell-cell adhesion to stimulate cell attachment and to allow subsequent formation of JAM-and cadherin-based intercellular junctions. NECTIN3 induces endocytosis-mediated down-regulation of PVR from the cell surface, which results in reduction of cell movement & proliferation. Following Nectin-3 activity adds strength to the junction through trans-interaction with various molecules.

Apolipoprotein C-I (APOC1) which expressed mainly in the liver is a part of the apolipoprotein C family. APOC1 which is usually found in plasma and responsible for the activation of esterified lechitin cholesterol takes an important part in the exchange of esterified cholesterol among lipoproteins and in removal of cholesterol from tissues. APOC1 is activated when monocytes differentiate into macrophages. APOC1 protein’s main role is to inhibit CETP by altering the electric charge of HDL molecules. APOC1 is also binds free fatty acids and reduces their intracellular esterification.

Frataxin is a mitochondrial iron binding protein that is part of the FRATAXIN family. Frataxin functions in regulating mitochondrial iron transport and respiration. The expansion of intronic trinucleotide repeat GAA results in Friedreich ataxia. Frataxin plays a role in iron homeostasis. Frataxin is an anti-apoptotic protein which prevents mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

HOXB13 is a transcription factor and a member of the homeobox gene family which are extremely conserved in vertebrates and vital for vertebrate embryonic development. HOXB13 is involved in fetal skin development and cutaneous regeneration. In mice, a similar gene displayed temporal and spatial colinearity in the main body axis of the embryo, however it was not expressed in the secondary axes, implying that it has a roles in body patterning along the axis.

AMTN is a member of the amelotin family. AMTN is a lately discovered secreted enamel protein. AMTN mainly expressed during the maturation stage of enamel formation. AMTN gathers in a basal lamina-like structure at the interface between ameloblasts and enamel mineral and it co-localizes with one more lately described enamel protein, odontogenic ameloblast- related protein (ODAM(.

CRNN is part of the "fused gene" family of proteins, which enclose N-terminus EF-hand domains and multiple tandem peptide repeats. CRNN contains two EF-hand Ca2+ binding domains in its N-terminus and two glutamine- and threonine-rich 60 amino acid repeats in its C-terminus. CRNN, also known as SEP53, which participates in the mucosal/epithelial immune response and epidermal differentiation. CRNN is a survival factor that participates in the clonogenicity of squamous esophageal epithelium cell lines, attenuates deoxycholic acid (DCA)-induced apoptotic cell death and discharge of calcium. When CRNN is over expressed in oral squamous carcinoma cell lines, it regulates negatively cell proliferation by the induction of G1 arrest.

OTOR proteins is also known as fibrocyte-derived protein (Fdp) and Melanoma inhibitory activity-like (MIAL). Otoraplin is a member of the melanoma-inhibiting activity gene family. Otoraplin is a secreted 16 kDa globular protein that is expressed in the inner ear by periotic mesenchyme and developing and mature fibrocytes. OTOR is highly homologous to MIA/cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (CD-RAP), which is a cartilage-specific protein that is also expressed in malignant melanoma cells. The 111 amino acid mature human otoraplin contains 1 SH3 domain (46 – 107 amino acids) and a Tyr at position 50 that is reportedly sulfated. Otoraplin takes pasrt in the initiation of periotic mesenchyme chondrogenesis.
Otoraplin is secreted through the Golgi apparatus and plays a role in cartilage development and maintenance. A frequent polymorphism in the translation start codon of OTOR can abolish translation and may be associated with forms of deafness.

Microfibrillar-associated Protein 3 (MFAP3) contains 1 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain, and belongs to lncRNA RNA class. The MFAP3 protein is a component of the elastin-associated microfibrils. Among MFAP3 related pathways are degradation of the extracellular matrix and elastic fiber formation. An significant paralog of the MFAP3 gene is MFAP3L.

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type N (PTPRN) is a catalytically inactive protein and a major target of autoimmune response in diabetes mellitus. The long C-terminal intracellular tail covers the majority of autoantibody epitopes. PTPRN is expressed in neural, neuroendocrine and pancreatic islet cells.

TRAPPC3 is a part of the TRAPP complex that takes part in connection of transport vesicles to the cis-Golgi membrane. Additionally, TRAPPC3 is involved in vesicular transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi.