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Small VCP/p97-interacting protein (SVIP) is involved in various cellular processes, including membrane fusion and ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. SVIP functions as an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. On the other hand, SVIP overexpression increased the levels of p62 protein and enhanced starvation-activated autophagy as well as stimulated sequestration of polyubiquitinated proteins and p62 in autophagosomes.

Complement Factor Properdin (CFP) which is a plasma glycoprotein, is a positive regulator of the alternative complement pathway of the innate immune system. CFP binds and stabilizes the C3- and C5-convertase enzyme complexes in a feedback loop that eventually ends with formation of the membrane attack complex and lysis of the target cell. Mutations in CFP lead to 2 forms of properdin deficiency that cause high susceptibility to meningococcal infections.

Bromodomain Containing 3 (BRD3) was classified based on its homology to the gene encoding the RING3 protein, which is a serine/threonine kinase. The BRD3 protein localizes to 9q34, a region which contains a number of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. The function of the BRD3 protein is unknown.

Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor B2 (LILRB2) is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family. LILRB2is expressed on immune cells where it binds to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response.LILRB2controls inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity to help focus the immune response and limit autoreactivity.LILRB2competes with CD8 alpha for MHC I binding. LILRB2binds to classical MHC I proteins as well as the non-classical HLA-G1 and HLA-F molecules.

Melanoma Antigen Family A 8, also known as MAGEA8 belongs to the MAGE gene family, which includes twelve known genes, of which six are expressed in tumors. Furthermore, the MAGE genes were at first isolated from different kinds of tumors, and according to their virtually exclusive tumor-specific expression in adult tissues, they have been used as targets for cancer immunotherapy.

RANKL binds to tnfrsf11b/opg and to tnfrsf11a/rank. Osteoclast differentiation and activation factor. augments the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate naive t-cell proliferation. May be an important regulator of interactions between t-cells and dendritic cells and may play a role in the regulation of the t-cell-dependent immune response. sRANKL may also play an important role in enhanced bone-resorption in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Vimentin expression in human malignant glioma cells depends on cellular density, algorithms of drug delivery and chemo/radio treatment. Vimentin and detyrosinated microtubules provide structural support for the extensive microtentacles observed in detached tumor cells and a mechanism to promote successful metastatic spread. Primary colorectal carcinomas display aberrant expression of vimentin, and have activated Notch and TGFbeta signaling pathways. Vimentin is a strong arterial substrate for transglutaminases. Transglutaminase-mediated vimentin dimerization results in a novel unifying pathway by which vasodilatory and remodeling responses may be regulated. Ablation of vimentin expression inhibits migration and invasion of colon and breast cancer cell lines. Vimentin is the main intermediate filament protein in mesenchymal cells and is therefore of value in the differential diagnosis of undifferentiated neoplasms.

Native human C4 is aglycosylated polypeptide containing 3 disulfide-linked chains. C4 is essential to the activation of both thelectin and the classical pathways of complement activation.Initiation of each pathway generates proteolytic enzyme complexes which are bound to the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in C4 releasing the anaphylatoxin C4a and activating C4b. Like C3, the thioester of metastable C4b is highly reactive and is capable of reacting and covalently coupling C4b to amino or hydroxyl groups on the target surface. C4A and C4B are 2 variants of C4 that are common in manwhereas, in animals who have only 1 type usually have C4B.

GCSAM is a protein which functions in signal transduction pathways and whose expression raises in germinal cell lymphomas. GCSAM contains a putative PDZ-interacting domain, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), and two putative SH2 binding sites. In B cells, GCSAM expression is particularly induced by interleukin-4.

Casein Kinase 2 also called CK2 (also called PKCK2) is a ubiquitous Ser/Thr kinase expressed in all eukaryotes. CK2 is a tetramer composed of two catalytic kinase domains, alpha subunits, and two identical regulatory beta subunits. It has been implicated in cell cycle control, DNA repair, regulation of the circadian rhythm, and other cellular processes. The beta subunit itself does not have kinase activity, but confers stability to the CK2 alpha subunit and is involved in activity and substrate specificity.

DCN1-like protein 2 (DCUN1D2) which contains one DCUN1 domain and 1 UBA-like domain, may have a role in the neddylation of cullins which regulate SCF-type ubiquitin ligase complexes. The gene encoding Dcun1D2 is located on human chromosome 13. Chromosome 13 contains major tumor suppressor genes, including BRCA2 and RB1, which are linked with breast cancer susceptibility and retinoblastoma, respectively.

SNRPE facilitates the cytoplasmic construction of the UsnRNPs by binding to a conserved Sm site on UsnRNA and forming a stable snRNP core complex. While a core protein to UsnRNP, the SNRPE connects with the entire U family of snRNAs including U1–U6. In addition, SNRPE interacts with DDX20 and Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide F.

SKP1 is a F-box enzyme which functions as a substrate recognition component of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex which controls the ubiquitination of proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcription. SKP1 binds to proteins containing an F-box motif, such as cyclin F, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, and other regulatory proteins involved in ubiquitin dependent proteolysis. SKP1 takes part in the control of beta-catenin levels and the activity of beta-catenin dependent TCF transcription factors. SKP1 serves as an adapter that links the F-box protein to CUL1 in the SCF complex.

ANXA1 is part of the family of Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid binding proteins which have a Mw between 35kDa-40kDa and are situated on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. ANXA1 protein has a Mw of 40kDa, with phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity to bind from two to four calcium ions with high affinity. Since phospholipase A2 is necessary for the biosynthesis of the potent mediators of inflammation, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, ANXA1 might have potential anti-inflammatory activity. ANXA1 promotes membrane fusion and iplays a role in exocytosis. The recognition of ANXA1 protein by immunocytochemical leads a simple, highly sensitive and specific assay for diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia.

TCEB2 is a subunit of the SIIII complex which is a heterotrimer consisting of a transcriptionally active subunit (A) and two regulatory subunits (B and C). TCEB2 initiates elongation by RNA polymerase II by suppressing transient pausing of the polymerase at many sites within transcription units. The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein binds to elongins B and C, and thereby inhibits transcription elongation.

Bone Morphogenetic protein-8b (BMP8B) belongs to a family of secreted signaling molecules which can induce ectopic bone growth. BMP8B is known for having a possible bone inductive activity as it is related to BMP5 and BMP7. BMP8B is the osteoinductive factor accountable for epithelial osteogenesis.

MSH6 deficiency result in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome). HNPCC is an autosomal, dominantly inherited disease linked with rise in cancer susceptibility. MSH6 is is known by its familial predisposition to premature onset colorectal carcinoma (crc).
MSH6 is involved in repairing DNA. MSH6 protein repairs mistakes that occure during DNA replication in preparation for cell division. The MSH6 protein bonds with MSH2 protein and form an active protein complex which recognizes specific parts on the DNA where mistakes have been made during DNA replication. MLH1-PMS2 protein complex, afterwards takes over with the repair. MSH6 gene is part of the set of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes.

IMP3 is the human homolog of the yeast Imp3 protein and Essential for the early cleavages during pre-18S ribosomal RNA processing. IMP3 is a Part of the 60-80S U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (U3 snoRNP). IMP3 is a member of to the ribosomal protein S4P family and localizes to the nucleoli and interacts with the U3 snoRNP complex. IMP3 contains an S4 domain. U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein protein IMP3 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IMP3 gene.

Jumping Translocation Breakpoint (JTB) takes part in the regulation of cell proliferation and is essential for cytokinesis during mitosis. JTB inhibits apoptosis induced by TGFB1 and increases AURKB activity. JTB is also a part of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) which is a key regulator of mitosis.

Sorting nexin-5 (SNX5) belongs to the sorting nexin family, whose members contains a phox (PX) domain, (which is a phosphoinositide binding domain) and are involved in intracellular trafficking. SNX5 protein is a component of the mammalian retromer complex, which facilitates cargo recovery from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. SNX5 binds to the Fanconi anemia, complementation group A protein.

Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP or HSPA5) is a member of the family of ~70kDa heat shock proteins (HSP 70). HSPA5 is a stress response protein which is induced by agents or conditions that adversely affect endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. HSPA5 is crucial for the proper glycosylation, folding as well as for the maintenance of cell homeostasis and the prevention of apoptosis.

RING1- and YY1-binding protein (RYBP) belongs to the polycomb group (PcG). RYBP interacts with MDM2 and decreases MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination, which leads to stabilization of p53 and an increase in p53 activity. RYBP causes cell-cycle arrest and is involved in the p53 response to DNA damage. RYBP interacts with RING1, YY1, Caspase 10, E2F3, E2F2, Mdm2, Abl gene and CBX2. RYBP inhibits ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of TP53, and thus has a role in regulating transcription of TP53 target genes. RYBP may also be involved in the regulation of the transcription as a repressor of the transcriptional activity of E4TF1. RYBP may bind to DNA, and promote apoptosis.

Escherichia coli Hsp31 (HchA) is a homodimeric member of the ThiI/DJ-1/PfpI superfamily which combines molecular chaperone and aminopeptidase activities. HchA uses temperature-induced exposure of structured hydrophobic domains to capture and stabilize early unfolding protein intermediates under severe thermal stress.