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CD207 (C-type lectin domain family 4 member K) is expressed in Langerhans cells which are immature dendritic cells of the epidermis and mucosa. Moreover, CD207 is expressed in several other dendritic cell types including dermal CD103+ DCs and splenic CD8+ DCs. Langerin is localized in the Birbeck granules, the organelles present in the cytoplasm of Langerhans cells and comprised of superimposed and zippered membranes. CD207 is a C-type lectin with mannose binding specificity, and it has been suggested that mannose binding by the CD207 protein leads to internalization of antigen into Birbeck granules thus providing access to a nonclassical antigen-processing pathway.

E-cadherin (uvomorulin, cell-CAM120/80) is a calcium dependent cell adhesion molecule expressed predominately in epithelial tissues. It plays an important role in the growth and development of cells via the mechanisms of control of tissue architecture and the maintenance of tissue integrity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that reduction and/or loss of Ecadherin expression in carcinomas correlates positively with the potential of these tumors for invasion and metastasis.

ULBP2 is a member of the MHC class I family. ULBP2 is ligand for the NKG2D receptor, composed with at least ULBP1 and ULBP3. ULBPs promote multiple signaling pathways in primary NK cells, triggering the production of cytokines and chemokines. Binding of ULBPs ligands to NKG2D encourages calcium mobilization and activation of the JAK2, STAT5, ERK and PI3K kinase/Akt signal transduction pathway. In CMV infected cells, ULBP2 cooperates with soluble CMV glycoprotein UL16. This cooperation is blocked with the NKG2D receptor, providing a mechanism in which CMV infected cells can escape the immune system. Additionally, UL16 causes ULBP2 to be held in the ER and cis-Golgi apparatus so that it does not reach the cell surface.

Uridine 5'-monophosphate synthase (UMPS), is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the ultimate two steps of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. UMPS in eukaryotes links the orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and the orotidine-5’-monophosphate (OMP) decarboxylase activities into a single protein. The harmony of these 2 enzymes is assumed to be stabilized the catalytic centers as a result of the low molar concentration of the protein in mammalian cells. Mutations in UMPS are the reason of inherited orotic aciduria disease.

SEPT6 is a member of the septin family of GTPases and is functionally involved in cytokinesis and conservation of cellular morphology. SEPT6 interact with SEPT2. The genes encoding the mixed-lineage leukemia and SEPT2 breakpoint proteins are associated with one type of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia which is caused by reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 11 and X.

MMAB protein catalyzes the last step in the conversion of vitamin B(12) into adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), a vitamin B12 containing coenzyme for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase(MCM). Decreased MMAB activity leads to the inherited disorder vitamin B12 dependent methylmalonic aciduria linked to the cblB complementation group.

EMAP-II also called SCYE1 is a tumor derived cytokine that plays a role in a wide variety of activities on endothelial cells, monocytes and neutrophils. EMAP-II inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, vasculogenesis, neovessel formation, and can induce apoptosis. It is also chemotactic towards neutrophils and monocytes and induces myeloperoxidase activity from neutrophils. EMAP-II clinical value is inhibiting angiogenesis of vascular beds and suppressing the growth of primary and secondary tumors with no affect to normal tissues. SCYE1is specifically induced by apoptosis, and it is involved in the control of angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing. The release of this SCYE1 renders the tumor-associated vasculature sensitive to tumor necrosis factor. The precursor protein is identical to the p43 subunit, which is associated with the multi-tRNA synthetase complex, and it modulates aminoacylation activity of tRNA synthetase in normal cells. EMAP-2 plays a role in in the stimulation of inflammatory responses after proteolytic cleavage in tumor cells.

Olfactory marker protein (OMP) which is expressed in the cytoplasm of olfactory chemosensory neurons in the nasal neuroepithelium, is associated in a unique way with the mature olfactory receptor neurons in numerous vertebrate species. OMP have a modulatory part in the odor detection/signal transduction cascade ant its expression is a sign of mature vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). OMP is also a potent enhancer of mitosis in fetal olfactory epithelial cells and it promotes an increase in uptake of tritiated thymidine in liver.

STC2 is a homodimeric glycoprotein that is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and may have autocrine or paracrine functions. The encoded protein has 10 of its 15 cysteine residues conserved among stanniocalcin family members and is phosphorylated by casein kinase 2 exclusively on its serine residues. Its C-terminus contains a cluster of histidine residues which may interact with metal ions. The protein may play a role in the regulation of renal and intestinal calcium and phosphate transport, cell metabolism, or cellular calcium/phosphate homeostasis. Constitutive over expression of human stanniocalcin 2 in mice resulted in pre- and postnatal growth restriction, reduced bone and skeletal muscle growth, and organomegaly. Expression of this gene is induced by estrogen and altered in some breast cancers.

POU2AF1 is a lymphocyte specific transcription coactivator protein. POU2AF1 cooperates only with the Oct1/2 proteins using sub domains in the POU domain of the Oct1/2 proteins, increasing their transcriptional efficiency. Even though POU2AF1 have no basic ability to bind DNA, it links firmly with the octomer motif in the presence of Oct1 and Oct2. POU2AF1 is expressed at maximum levels in spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes.

OSTF1 is an intracellular protein produced by osteoclasts that induces bone resorption, via signaling cascade which results in the secretion of factors enhancing osteoclast formation and activity.

C17orf103 is a member of the GTLF3B family and is encoded by a gene which is located in human chromosome 17p11.2. BRCA1 and p53 are 2 main tumor suppressor genes which are linked to chromosome 17. Tumor suppressor p53 is necessary for maintenance of cellular genetic integrity by moderating cell fate through DNA repair versus cell death. C17orf103 is also related to neurofibromatosis, a disorder characterized by neural and epidermal lesions, and dysregulated Schwann cell growth.

Platelet factor-4 is a 70-amino acid protein that is released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets and binds with high affinity to heparin. Its major physiologic role appears to be neutralization of heparin-like molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels, thereby inhibiting local antithrombin III activity and promoting coagulation. As a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils and fibroblasts, PF4 probably has a role in inflammation and wound repair. Oncostatin-A is a member of the CXC chemokine family. Human PF4 is used for the proof of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Furthermore it is used as an inhibitor in the angiogenesis during tumor therapy.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 17 (FGF17) belongs to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members have broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in various biological processes including embryonic development cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. The FGF17 gene is highly expressed in the cerebellum and cortex. The mouse homolog of the FGF17 gene is localized to specific sites in the midline structures of the forebrain, the midbrain-hindbrain junction, developing skeleton and developing arteries, suggesting a role in central nervous system, bone and vascular development.

CAMLG binds to cyclophilin B and operates downstream of the TCR and upstream of calcineurin by causing an influx of calcium. CAMLG is an essential membrane protein that takes part in the calcium signal transduction pathway, connecting cyclophilin B to calcium signaling.

PHD finger protein 11 (PHF11) is a regulator of TH1-type cytokine gene expression. The decline in PHF11 expression observed with an AD-associated genotype may promote the intense TH2 reactions which characterize numerous allergic individuals. PHF11 is linked with raised total serum IgE levels, asthma and acute atopic dermatitis (AD) in children. Even though PHF11 includes a plant homeodomain, a motif frequently found in transcriptional regulators, PHF11 function of has yet been examined.

FGFR1OP N-terminal like (FOPNL) is a member of the FGFR1OP family and contains 1 LisH domain. FOPNL is participates in the biogenesis of cilia. FOPNL is extensively expressed and detected in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, placenta and the intestine.

Tropic 1808 is a candidate chemotropic factor induced by nerve injury. Tpc1808 protein, similar to NGF, could promote the expression of NF-H in a time-dependent manner. Tpc1808 is the gene related to promotion of nerve growth, and both the Tpc1808 gene and the Tpc1808 recombinant protein up-regulate the expression of NF-H in PC12 cells.

CDC34 is important in the control of cell cycle and DNA replication. Cdc34 in association with different E3 complexes, including SCF, has been shown to target many different substrates for ubiquitination and degradation during cell division, signal transduction, and development. Cdc34 substrates that have been characterized include I?B, B-Myb, Wee1, MyoD, ICERII?, ATF5, p27Xic1, and p27Kip1. Additionally, substrates such as ?-catenin, p21Cip1, E2F, cyclin E, and cyclin D are putative substrates of Cdc34 by virtue of their SCF requirement for proteolysis. Cdc34 has been demonstrated to self-associate through a domain in the C-terminus, and is phosphorylated and ubiquitinylated in vivo. This protein is useful for in vitro ubiquitinylation reactions.

GLRX1 has a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase activity in the presence of nadph and glutathione reductase. reduces low molecular weight disulfides and proteins. Glutaredoxin is a glutathione (GSH)-dependent hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase and also catalyzes glutathione-disulfide oxidoreduction reactions in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. GLRX1 is multifunctional enzyme with glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. The disulfide bond functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. In addition, it is also involved in reducing cytosolic protein- and non-protein-disulfides in a coupled system with glutathione reductase. Required for resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) by directly reducing hydroperoxides and for the detoxification of ROS-mediated damage.

GLRX2 is a multifunctional enzyme with glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. The disulfide bond functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. In addition, it is also involved in reducing cytosolic protein- and non-protein-disulfides in a coupled system with glutathione reductase. Required for resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) by directly reducing hydroperoxides and for the detoxification of ROS-mediated damage. Glutaredoxins are a family of glutathione-dependent hydrogen donors that participate in a variety of cellular redox reactions.

Galectins are a family of animal lectins with an affinity for beta-galactosides. This family has at least 14 identified members. Galectins share similarities in the CRD (the carbohydrate recognition domain). Galectins are synthesized as cytosolic proteins. Though localized principally in the cytoplasm and lacking a classical signal peptide, galectins can also be stimulated to secretion by non-classical pathways or alternatively targeted to the nucleus. Galectins are involved in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Human Galectin-7 belongs to the prototypical Galectins containing a single CRD, which is initially identified in human epidermis as a monomer. The Galectin-7 expression is induced by tumor suppressor protein p53 and associated with apoptosis. Galectin-7 is a pro-apoptotic protein which functions intracellularlly upstream of JNK activation and mitochondrial cytochrome c release. The correlation of Galectin-7 with the UV-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes presents a critical mechanism in the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis. Human Galectin-7 is localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm.

Guanosine monophosphate reductase (GMPR) catalyzes the irreversible NADPH-dependent deamination of GMP to IMP. GMPR acts in the conversion of nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives of G to A nucleotides, and in upholding the intracellular balance of A and G nucleotides. In addition, the GMPR protein functions in the re-utilization of free intracellular bases and purine nucleosides.