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Thyroid Hormone Responsive (THRSP) is a member of the SPOT14 family. THRSP is similar to the gene product of S14, a rat gene whose expression is limited to liver and adipose tissue and is controlled by nutritional and hormonal factors. THRSP is expressed in liver and adipocytes, specifically in lipomatous modules. In addition It is expressed in lipogenic breast cancers, which suggests a role in controlling tumor lipid metabolism.

CRP is an acute phase protein that correlates with inflammatory disease and is synthesized by hepatocytes during the acute phase response by certain cytokines (IL-1 and TNF Alpha and Beta). CRP levels increase dramatically (up to 1,000 fold) and serve as a useful marker of inflammation in such conditions as bacterial infection, rheumatoid arthritis, viral infections, transplantation rejection, meningitis, myocardial infarction, septicemia, osteomyelitis and others. CRP is also highly correlated to Serum Amyloid A levels.

Anterior gradient protein 3 homolog precursor (AGR3) is a secreted cytoplasmic protein that is involved in metastasis induction and p53 tumor suppressor inhibition. AGR3 may function as molecular marker and potential therapeutic target for hormone-responsive breast tumors.

ARL11 (ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 11) belongs to the ARF family of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases which are known to be involved in multiple regulatory pathways altered in human carcinogenesis. ARFs are highly conserved guanine nucleotide binding proteins which enhance the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of choleratoxin. ARFs are important in eukaryotic vesicular trafficking pathways and they have a vital role in the activation of phospholipase D (PC-PLD). ARL11 is assumed to act as a tumor suppressor which may have a role in the regulation of apoptosis.

60S ribosome subunit biogenesis protein NIP7 homolog (NIP7) belongs to NIP7 family and contains 1 PUA domain. NIP7 interacts with pre-ribosome complex and may bind to RNA. NIP7 is vital for proper 27S pre-rRNA processing and 60S ribosome subunit assembly.

Transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC) is required for iron delivery from transferring to cells. The TFRC protein is a transmembrane glycoprotein comprised of 2 disulfide-linked monomers joined by 2 disulfide bonds. Each monomer will bind one holo-transferrin molecule producing an iron-Tf-TfR complex which enters the cell by endocytosis.

GABARAP is a ligand-gated chloride channel that mediates inhibitory neurotransmission. GABARAP is highly positively charged in its N-terminus and shares sequence similarity with light chain-3 of microtubule-associated proteins 1A and 1B. GABARAP clusters neurotransmitter receptors by mediating interaction with the cytoskeleton.

MAPKSP1 is a scaffold protein which operates in the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade. MAPKSP1 protein is restricted to late endosomes by the mitogen-activated protein-binding protein-interacting protein, and binds specifically to MAP kinase kinase MAP2K1/MEK1, MAP kinase MAPK3/ERK1, and MAP kinase MAPK1/ERK2.

VAMP3 is present in recycling endosomes and endosome-derived vesicles. VAMP3 has been implicated in recycling of transferrin receptors to the plasma membrane, secretion of alpha-granules in platelets, recycling of T-cell receptors to the immunological synapses, and membrane trafficking during cell migration. VAMP-3 is present in human platelets and necessary for granule secretion. Synaptobrevins are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. VAMP3 high homology to other VAMPs in its broad tissue distribution and subcellular localization is shown to be the human equivalent of the rodent cellubrevin. In platelets the protein resides on a compartment that is not mobilized to the plasma membrane on calcium or thrombin stimulation.

Complement Factor Properdin (CFP) which is a plasma glycoprotein, is a positive regulator of the alternative complement pathway of the innate immune system. CFP binds and stabilizes the C3- and C5-convertase enzyme complexes in a feedback loop that eventually ends with formation of the membrane attack complex and lysis of the target cell. Mutations in CFP lead to 2 forms of properdin deficiency that cause high susceptibility to meningococcal infections.

MALD3 (a non-specific lipid transfer protein) is a major apple allergen. LTPs are found mainly in aerial plant organs such as leaves, seeds, flowers, and fruit. MALD3 is a heat-stable protein which is characterized by having resistance to pepsin hydrolysis.

Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) is responsible for transcytosis of soluble dimeric IgAs and immune. PIGR binds polymeric IgA and IgM at the basolateral surface of epithelial cells, then the complex is transported across the cell to be secreted at the apical surface.cytokines, hormones, and pathogenic stimuliregulate PIGR expression. The expression of PIGR is critically regulated by the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 17 (FGF17) belongs to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members have broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in various biological processes including embryonic development cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. The FGF17 gene is highly expressed in the cerebellum and cortex. The mouse homolog of the FGF17 gene is localized to specific sites in the midline structures of the forebrain, the midbrain-hindbrain junction, developing skeleton and developing arteries, suggesting a role in central nervous system, bone and vascular development.

Interleukin-1 ra is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This protein inhibits the activities of interleukin 1, alpha (IL1A) and interleukin 1, beta (IL1B), and modulates a variety of interleukin 1 related immune and inflammatory responses. This gene and five other closely related cytokine genes form a gene cluster spanning approximately 400 kb on chromosome 2. A polymorphism of this gene is reported to be associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures and gastric cancer. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

GZMK is a part of a group of related serine proteases from the cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Cytolytic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells have the outstanding ability to bind, recognize and lyse specific target cells. They defend their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens.

GHBP is a transmembrane receptor for growth hormone. Binding of growth hormone to the receptor leads to receptor dimerization and the activation of an intra- and intercellular signal transduction pathway leading to growth. A common alternate allele of this gene, called GHRd3, lacks exon three and has been well-characterized. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Laron syndrome, also known as the growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (GHIS), a disorder characterized by short stature. Other splice variants, including one encoding a soluble form of the protein (GHRtr), have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized.

Platelet factor-4 is a 70-amino acid protein that is released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets and binds with high affinity to heparin. Its major physiologic role appears to be neutralization of heparin-like molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels, thereby inhibiting local antithrombin III activity and promoting coagulation. As a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils and fibroblasts, PF4 probably has a role in inflammation and wound repair. Oncostatin-A is a member of the CXC chemokine family. Human PF4 is used for the proof of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Furthermore it is used as an inhibitor in the angiogenesis during tumor therapy.

HSP10 is part of the molecular chaperons, that are crucial for thir efficient folding of proteins in normal as well as stress conditions. GroES function is to bind to HSP60 in the presence of ATP, thus causing a change in the HSP60 conformation & enclosing the protein substrate within the complex. ATP hydrolysis by chaperonin-60 which destabilizes the HSP10-HSP60 complex, thereby allowing it to dissociate and secrete the substrate protein. GroES having the NCBI accession number of NP_002148 was purified by using conventional chromatography techniques.

KRT20 is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. This cytokeratin is a major cellular protein of mature enterocytes and goblet cells and is specifically expressed in the gastric and intestinal mucosa. The type I cytokeratin genes are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21.

FOS-Like Antigen 2, also known as FOSL2 is a protein which is encoded in humans by the FOSL2 gene. The Fos gene family consists of four members: FOS, FOSB, FOSL1, and FOSL2. Furthermore, these genes encode leucine zipper proteins which can dimerize with proteins of the JUN family, in that way forming the transcription factor complex AP-1. As such, the FOS proteins have been involved as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, as well transformation.

Sarcoglycan Beta, also known as SGCB, is a part of the sarcoglycan family. SGCB belongs to the sarcoglycan complex which is a subcomplex of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex that connects between the F-actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix.

ANXA4 is part of the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins. ANXA4 has 45%-59% identity with other proteins of its family and shares a related size and exon-intron organization. ANXA4 interacts with ATP, and has in vitro anticoagulant activity and also inhibits phospholipase A2 activity. ANXA4 is exclusively expressed in epithelial cells. ANXA4 is a Calcium/phospholipid-binding protein which promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis.

Diphthamide Biosynthesis 3 Pseudogene 1 also known as DPH3P1 may stand for a processed pseudogene of DPH3 since it lacks the exon/intron structurefound in the functional gene. Yet, DPH3P1 does contain an intact open reading frame, though its translation has not been established.

Mesoderm development candidate 2 (MESDC2) is required for formation of the primitive streak and mesoderm during embryogenesis. MESDC2 binds to the Wnt co-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 in the endoplasmic reticulum and is required for their proper folding and cell surface expression.