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Protein A is a cell wall component produced by several strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The recombinant Protein A is genetically engineered protein and holds 5 IgG-binding regions of protein A. Recombinant Protein A functions basically the same as native Protein A and is perfect for purification of polyclonal or monoclonal IgG antibodies. Protein A binds to human IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4, mouse IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 and rat IgG2c. Protein A also binds to total IgG from rabbit, pig, dog, cat, and guinea pig.

Dysbindin domain-containing protein 2 (DBNDD2) is a member of the dysbindin family. DBNDD2 regulates the activity of casein kinase-1 and inhibits CSNK1D autophosphorylation (in vitro). DBNDD2 also interacts with CSNK1D and CSNK1E. DBNDD2 is detected in brain.

Adhesion Molecule with Ig-Like Domain 2, also known as AMIGO2 is a member of the leucine-rich repeat family. AMIGO2 arbitrates homophilic in addition to heterophilic cell-cell interaction with AMIGO1 or AMIGO3. Furthermore, AMIGO2 contributes to signal transduction via its intracellular domain and is also essential for tumorigenesis of a subset of gastric adenocarcinomas.

SERPINA5 up regulates TAFI activation by inhibiting the protein C activation. SERPINA5 is a significant regulator in the equilibrium between coagulation and fibrinolysis by differentially inhibiting the activation of TAFI and of Protein-C. SERPINA5 belongs to the serpin serine proteinase inhibitor family. SERPINA5 protein inhibits plasminogen activators as well as activated protein C.
SERPINA5 is secreted in plasma & liver. SERPINA5 is involved in cell inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, tumour cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, SERPINA5 controls the invasive potential of renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting urinary plasminogen activator secreted by the cells. SERPINA5 participtes in regulating key serine proteases which are involved in metastatic prostate disease.

Ectodysplasin A Receptor, also known as EDAR belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. EDAR is a receptor for the soluble ligand ectodysplasin A, and is capable of activating the nuclear factor-kappaB, JNK, as well as caspase-independent cell death pathways. EDAR is necessary for the development of hair, teeth, and other ectodermal derivatives. Furthermore, mutations in EDAR resulted in autosomal dominant and recessive forms of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 5 or ST6GALNAC5, is part of the glycosyltransferase 29 group of proteins. ST6GALNAC5 is a sialyltransferase that takes part in the synthesis of ganglioside GD1a. This protein is part of the protein glycosylation transduction, meaning, modification of proteins. ST6GALNAC5 is expressed strictly in the brain tissue, and is a crucial component in breast cancer cells metastasis to the brain tissue. It is thought to enable cancer cells to go through the blood-brain barrier.

Calmodulin Like 5, also known as CALML5 is a part of the calmodulin family of calcium binding proteins. CALML5 undergoes a conformational change as a result of binding calcium. CALML5 is taking part in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and encodes a calcium binding protein expressed in the epidermis.

CD47, functions in cell adhesions by performing as an adhesion receptor for THBS1 on platelets, furthermore CD47 plays a role in the modulation of integrins. In addition, CD47 takes a vital part in memory formation as well as synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Receptor for SIRPA avoids maturation of immature dendritic cells and inhibits cytokine production by mature dendritic cells. CD47 prevents premature elimination of red blood cells, and it is also implicated in membrane permeability changes induced following virus infection.

PPIL4 belongs to an evolutionarily conserved cyclophilin-type PPIase family of proteins. PPIL4, which is ubiquitously expressed with predominant expression in kidney localizes to the nucleus and contains one PPIase cyclophilin-type domain, a lysine-rich domain, a pair of bipartite nuclear targeting sequences and one RRM (RNA recognition motif) domain. The presence of the RRM domain along with nuclear targeting sequences implies that PPIL4 may be involved in transcriptional regulation.

CD96 is a type I membrane protein which is a part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD96 functions as cell markers in immune-phynotyping and participates in antigen presentation. CD96 plays a role in the adhesive interactions of activated T and NK cells through the late phase of the immune response.

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are comprised of an alpha, a beta and a gamma subunit. The alpha, beta and gamma subunits are encoded by families of related genes. GNB1 encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are vital regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. G proteins are involved as a modulator or transducer in numerous transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are necessary for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.

GNMT is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine with glycine to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and sarcosine. GNMT is located in the cytoplasm and acts as a homotetramer. Defects in the GNMT gene causes of GNMT deficiency (hypermethioninemia). GNMT affects DNA methylation by regulating the ratio of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocystine and is involved in the detoxification pathway in liver cells. GNMT expression is diminished in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). GNMT catalyzes the methylation of glycine by using s- adenosylmethionine (adomet) to form n-methylglycine (sarcosine) with the concomitant production of s-adenosylhomocysteine (adohcy). GNMT plays an essential role in the regulation of tissue concentration of adomet and of metabolism of methionine.

GPT catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to create pyruvate and glutamate. GPT has a crucial part in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids. GPT is broadly used as an indicator of liver reliability or hepatocellular destruction in clinical tests.

CUE Domain Containing 2 also known as CUEDC2 is a part of the CUEDC2 family and contains 1 CUE domain. CUEDC2 down-regulates ESR1 protein levels through the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway and controls PGR protein levels through a parallel mechanism.

Overexpression of the HIF1AN is linked with tumor aggressiveness in pancreatic endocrine tumors. HIF1AN hydroxylates Notch ICD at two residues that are crucial for the function of Notch ICD as a transactivator within cells and during neurogenesis and myogenesis. HIF1AN is commonly expressed in invasive breast carcinoma. The hypoxic response and survival recommends that tumour regulation of HIF1AN is an additional important mechanism for HIF pathway activation. HIF1AN is an asparaginyl hydroxylase enzyme that controls the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor. FIH1 is a part of the Fe2+ and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily, FIH1 is protein that hydoxylates a specific asparagine residue (Asn-803) within the HIF1A C-terminal transactivation domain. In normoxia, the HIF1AN-mediated hydroxylation of the HIF1? transactivation domain which results in blockage of the HIF1A-p300/CBP interaction and represses transcriptional activity of HIF1A targeted genes.

CD40L or CD154 is a membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen expressed on the surface of T-cells. The CD40 ligand stimulates B-cell proliferation and secretion of all immunoglobulin isotypes in the presence of cytokines. CD40 ligand has been shown to induce cytokine production and tumoricidal activity in peripheral blood monocytes. It also costimulates proliferation of activated T-cells and this is accompanied by the production of IFN-gamma , TNF-alpha , and IL2.

DCTN2 is a 50kDa subunit of dynactin, which is a macromolecular complex consisting of 10-11 subunits ranging in size from 22 to 150 kDa. Dynactin binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein. Dynactin is involved in a various cellular functions, including ER-to-Golgi transport, the centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes, spindle formation, chromosome movement, nuclear positioning, and axonogenesis. The DCTN2 subunit is present in 4-5 copies per dynactin molecule. DCTN2 is comprised of 3 short alpha-helical coiled-coil domains which mediate association with self or other dynactin subunits. DCTN2 interacts directly with the largest subunit (p150) of dynactin and is able to affix p150 in place. DCTN2 modulates cytoplasmic dynein binding to an organelle, and plays a part in prometaphase chromosome alignment and spindle organization during mitosis. DCTN2 is involved in anchoring microtubules to centrosomes. DCTN2 has a role in synapse formation during brain development.

SERPINI1 (Neuroserpin) is an inhibitory serpin which is expressed primarily in the central nervous system. Even though the physiological target of SERPINI1 is still vague, amassed evidence suggest that SERPINI1 has an imperative role in controlling proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) during synaptogenesis and the subsequent development of neuronal plasticity. The neuroprotective role of SERPINI1 has been demonstrated in transgenic mice lacking SERPINI1 expression. The deficiency of SERPINI1 in these mice is linked with motor neuron disease characterized by axonal degradation. In humans, defects in SERPINI1, caused by point mutations in the neuroserpin gene, trigger a hereditary disorder known as the familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB).

SH2D1A acts as an inhibitor of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) self-association. The SH2D1A protein is expressed at a high level in the thymus and the lung, with a lower level of expression in the spleen and the liver. The SH2D1A protein contains an SH2 domain and a short tail. SH2D1A has a key role in the bidirectional stimulation of T and B cells. Defects in the SH2D1A gene cause the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLPD), aka Duncan disease. The XLPD is distinguished by a rare congenital immunodeficiency following an EBV infection (Epstein-Barr virus).

CXCL14 is involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. BRAK protein is structurally related to the CXC (Cys-X-Cys) subfamily of cytokines. CXCL14 displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils or macrophages. CXCL14 is involved in the homeostasis of monocyte-derived macrophages.

Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase 2 (FAAH2) shares a conserved protein motif with the amidase signature family of enzymes. FAAH2 catalyzes the hydrolysis of a broad range of bioactive lipids, including those from the 3 main classes of fatty acid amides; N-acylethanolamines, fatty acid primary amides and N-acyl amino acids. FAAH2 is also degrades bioactive fatty acid amides to their corresponding acids, thus helping to end the signaling functions of these molecules. FAAH2 prefers monounsaturated acyl chains as a substrate.

Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule, also known as FAIM function as an inducible effector molecule which mediates Fas resistance produced by surface Ig engagement in B cells. In addition FAIM protects against death receptor-triggered apoptosis and regulates B-cell signaling and differentiation. Among the diseases associated with FAIM are hemorrhagic thrombocythemia, and food allergy.

Inhibitor of Growth Family Member 1, also known as ING1 is a tumor suppressor protein which is able to induce cell growth arrest and apoptosis. ING1 is a nuclear protein which physically act together with the tumor suppressor protein TP53 and is a component of the p53 signaling pathway. In addition, Reduced expression and rearrangement of ING1 have been identified in various cancers. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described for ING1.

Human CCL16, also called HCC-4, liver-expressed chemokine (LEC), and lymphocyte and monocyte chemoattractant (LMC), is a novel CC chemokine recognized by bioinformatics. NCC-4 cDNA encodes a 120 amino acids along with a 23 amino acids signal peptide that is cleaved to generate 97 amino acid protein. HCC4 is vaguely related to other CC chemokines, showing less than 30% sequence identity. Among CC chemokines, CCL-16 has the largest similarity to HCC-1. 2 potential polyadenylation signals are present on the human HCC-4 gene, and as a result, 2 transcripts containing roughly 1,500 base pairs and 500 base pairs have been detected. HCC-4 is expressed weakly by some lymphocytes, including NK cells, T cells, and some T cell clones. The expression of HCC-4 in monocytes is greatly upregulated in the presence of IL-10.
CCL16 shows chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and monocytes rather than to neutrophils. NCC-4 has potent myelosuppressive activity, suppresses proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. CCL16 demonstrates chemotactic activity for monocytes and thp-1 monocytes, rather than for resting lymphocytes and neutrophils. HCC-4 induces a calcium flux in thp-1 cells that desensitized prior to the expression of rantes.