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Aspartylglucosaminidase, also known as AGA, takes part in the catabolism of Nlinked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. AGA is a protein coding gene which cleaves asparagine from N-acetylglucosamines in the lysosomal breakdown of glycoproteins.

N-Acetylgalactosaminidase Alpha (NAGA) is a lysosomal exoglycosidase which removes terminal alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine residues from glycopeptides and glycolipids. NAGA is necessary for the breakdown of glycolipids.

PFDN1 is one of 6 subunits of prefoldin, which is a heterohexameric chaperone protein that assists in the proper folding of other proteins. The PFDN1 protein delivers nonnative target proteins, primarily actins and tubulins, to the eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin for facilitated folding. Defects in PFDN1 presented phenotypes typical of defects in cytoskeletal function, including manifestations of ciliary dyskinesia, neuronal loss, and defects in B and T cell development and function.

Cell division protein kinase 5 (CDK5) belongs to the cyclin-dependent kinase family. CDK5 is essential for appropriate development of the brain and in order to be activated CDK5 must link to CDK5R1 or CDK5R2. CDK5 doesn't need phosphorylation on the T loop so that binding with the activator is enough to activate the kinase. CDK5 is engaged in the processes of neuronal maturation and migration, phosphorylating the central intracellular adaptor of the reeling signaling chain.

GLO1 is involved in the catalysis and formation of S-lactoyl-glutathione from methylglyoxal condensation and reduced glutatione. GLO1 is linked to HLA and is localized to 6p21.3-p21.1, between HLA and the centromere. GLO1 enzyme is ubundantly expressed and present in numerous tumor cell lines, in which its concentration is often upregulated ubiquitisly. GLO1 is a major susceptible gene for autism in an ethnic Chinese population from Taiwan. GLO1 might be involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. GLO1 plays a role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Overexpression of GLO1 is associated with kidney tumor.

GOT2 is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme which is found in cytoplasmic and inner-membrane mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2. GOT2 participates in amino acid metabolism and the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. Both enzymes are homodimeric and demonstrate close homology.

Glutamic-Pyruvate Transaminase 2 (GPT2) catalyzes the reversible transamination among alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to create pyruvate and glutamate. GPT2 expressed mainly in muscle, fat and kidney and participates in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids.

DnaK, originally identified for its DNA replication by bacteriophage l in E. coli is the bacterial hsp70 chaperone. This protein is involved in the folding and assembly of newly synthesized polypeptide chains and in preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins. Dnak(residues 508-638) of the substrate binding domain is a-helical and appears to act as a lid covering the substrate binding cleft. DnaK(amino acid 508-638) was purified to apparent homogeneity by using conventional column chromatography techniques. Additional amino acid (Met) is attached at N- terminus.

Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (glpE) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme which is encoded by the nucleus. Escherichia coli glpE is a prototype for the single-domain rhodanese superfamily. glpE catalyzes the sulfur-transfer reaction in which a sulfur atom is transferred from thiosulfate to cyanide by a double-displacement mechanism.

GPX7 is a member of the glutathione peroxidase family. Glutathione peroxidases (GPx) are a family of enzymes with peroxidase activity whose central biological role is to guard the organism from oxidative damage by reducing lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and to reduce free hydrogen peroxide to water.

Placental Lactogen is a polypeptide hormone that is produced by the Syncytiotrophoblasts of the Placenta, also known as chorionic somatomammotropin. It has both Growth Hormone and Prolactin activities on growth, lactation, and luteal steroid production. In women, placental lactogen secretion begins soon after implantation and increases to 1 g or more a day in late pregnancy. Placental lactogen is also an insulin antagonist.
Placental Lactogen Goat is also capable of activating human and other heterologous GH receptors but not ruminat GH receptors.

CREB/ATF BZIP Transcription Factor, also known as CREBZF activates transcription strongly once bound to HCFC1. CREBZF suppresses the expression of HSV proteins in cells infected with the virus in a HCFC1-dependent manner. CREBZF suppresses the HCFC1-dependent transcriptional activation through CREB3 and reduces the quantity of CREB3 in the cell. In addition, CREBZF is capable to down-regulate expression of a few cellular genes in CREBZF-expressing cells.

Melanoma-associated antigen D1 (MAGED1) belongs to the melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family and expressed in virtually all normal adult tissues. MAGED1 is involved in the p75 neurotrophin receptor mediated programmed cell death pathway. MAGED1 is involved in Prader-Willi syndrome including hyperphagia, repetitive and compulsive behaviors, and cognitive impairment. MAGED1 is involved in the apoptotic response following NGF (nerve growth factor) binding in neuronal cells. MAGED1 hinders cell cycle progression, and facilitates NGFR-mediated apoptosis. MAGED1 functions as a regulator of the function of DLX family members. MAGED1 has a role in the circadian rythm regulation.

TCEA1 is a member of the TFS-II family. TCEA1 binds to Pol II and operates to cleave the emerging transcript, thus unlocking the complex and permitting transcription to continue. TCEA1 is localized to the nucleus and holds three independently-folding domains that are essential for accurate binding to Pol II. The arresting sites in are able to trap a certain segment of elongating RNA polymerases that goes through, causing in a locked ternary complex. Cleavage of the emerging transcript by S-II enables the renewal of elongation from the new 3'-terminus.

GST family of enzymes comprises a long list of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal proteins that are 45-55 kDa (dimer form) size and are capable of multiple reactions with a multitude of substrates, both endogenous and xenobiotic. GST catalyses the conjugation of reduced glutathione meaning the sulfhydryl group, to electrophilic centers on a wide variety of substrates. This activity is useful in the detoxification of endogenous compounds such as peroxidised lipids, as well as the metabolism of xenobiotics. GST binds toxins and function as transport protein. Glutathione S-transferase is used to create the so-called 'GST gene fusion system'. The GST is used to purify and detect proteins of interest. In a GST gene fusion system, the GST sequence is incorporated into an expression vector alongside the gene sequence encoding the protein of interest. Induction of protein expression from the vector's multiple cloning sites results in expression of a fusion protein - the protein of interest fused to the GST protein. This GST-fusion protein can then be purified from cells via its high affinity for glutathione. Fusion proteins offer an important biological assay for direct protein-to-protein interactions. The GST tag has the size of 220 amino acids, which, compared to other tags like the myc- or the FLAG-tag, is quite big. It is fused to the N-terminus of a protein. However, many commercially-available sources of GST-tagged plasmids include a thrombin domain for cleavage of the GST tag during protein purification. A GST-tag is often used to separate and purify proteins that contain the GST-fusion. GST-fusion proteins can be produced in Escherichia coli, as recombinant proteins.

Galanin Prepropeptide (GAL) which is localized in brain pathways is involved in both cognition and affect, and also inhibits learning and memory by inhibiting neurotransmitter release and neuronal firing rate. GAL is a part of the galanin family and modulates a variety of physiological processed including cognition/memory, sensory/pain processing, neurotransmitter/hormone secretion, and feeding behavior. Galanin Prepropeptide is upregulated in primary afferent and sympathetic neurones and is required for the development of sympathetic perineuronal baskets subsequent to nerve injury.

Thioredoxin or TRX contains a single disulfide active site and serves as a general protein disulphide oxidoreductase.Thioredoxins are small disulphide-containing redox proteins (within the conserved Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys active site) that are found in all the kingdoms of living organisms. The proteinis involved in the first unique step in DNA synthesis; It interacts with a wide range of proteins by a redox mechanism based on reversible oxidation of two cysteine thiol groups to a disulphide, along with the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The net result is the covalent interconversion of a disulphide and a dithiol. It has been suggested that thioredoxin may catalyze the formation of correct disulfides during protein folding because of its ability to act as an efficient oxidoreductant.

GALE is an enzyme that participates as the third enzyme in the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism. GALE is a homodimeric epimerase localized in bacterial, plant, and mammalian cells. GALE inhances the reverse chemical reaction, the conversion of UDP-glucose to UDP-galactose. UDP-galactose builds galactose-containing proteins and fats, which have a crucial part in chemical signaling, building cellular structures, transporting molecules, and producing energy.

ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (ATPIF1) attaches to the C-terminal region of a beta subunit of the F1-ATPase at low pH values and, through interference of the beta and gamma subunit interaction, ATPIF1 controls the activity of the F1 (the hydrophilic catalytic core), F0 (the membrane embedded protein channel) ATPase. ATPIF1 overexpression in a number of human carcinomas additionally reinforces its participation in oncogenesis and offers insight into the transformed metabolism of cancer cells, including the reprogramming of energy metabolism in relation to glycolysis. Endogenous F1F(o)-ATPase inhibitor curbing ATP depletion when the mitochondrial membrane potential drops below a threshold and the F1F(o)-ATP synthase begins hydrolyzing ATP to pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix.

APRIL which is a part of the TNF ligand superfamily (TNFSF13) is a type II transmembrane protein. Normally, APRIL expression is low in tissues, but is elevated in numerous types of tumors and transformed cell lines.

A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from white adipocytes and implicated in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin provides the key afferent signal from fat cells in the feedback system that controls body fat stores.

Placental Lactogen is a polypeptide hormone that is produced by the Syncytiotrophoblasts of the Placenta, also known as chorionic somatomammotropin. It has both Growth Hormone and Prolactin activities on growth, lactation, and luteal steroid production. In women, placental lactogen secretion begins soon after implantation and increases to 1 g or more a day in late pregnancy. Placental lactogen is also an insulin antagonist.
Placental Lactogen Ovine is also capable of activating human and other heterologous GH receptors but not ruminat GH receptors.

Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (Galnt1) is a part of the UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family of enzymes. The initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis is catalyzed by Glant1, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor. Moreover, Galnt1 is implicated in the glycosylation of proteins vital for bone formation for instance osteopontin and bone sialoprotein.