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Biliverdin reductase A (BLVRA) is a member of the gfo/idh/mocA family. BLVRA is an enzyme that converts biliverdin to bilirubin, converting a double-bond between the second and third pyrrole ring into a single-bond. BLVRA reduces the gamma-methene bridge of the open tetrapyrrole, biliverdin IX alpha, to bilirubin with the simultaneous oxidation of a NADH or NADPH cofactor (Bilirubin + NAD(P)+ = biliverdin + NAD(P)H ).
BLVRA is a regulator for induction of activating transcription factor-2 and heme oxygenase-1. Furthermore, BLVRA enhances the role of HO-1 in cytoprotection and provides cytoprotection independent of heme degradation. In addition, Bilirubin while acting as a cytoprotective antioxidant is itself oxidized to biliverdin and subsequently recycled by biliverdin reductase back to bilirubin.

IFN-Omega 1 is a type I IFN, that can be induced by virus-infected leukocytes. Type I IFN family members, which include IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-omega, signal through IFNAR-1/IFNAR-2 receptor complex, and wield antiviral and antiproliferative activities. IFNW1 exhibits about 75% sequence homology with IFN-a, and contains 2 conserved disulfide bonds, which are essential for full biological activity.

FKBP3 is part of a family of immunosuppressant receptors which inhibit T-cell proliferation by arresting two distinct cytoplasmic signal transmission pathways. FKBP3 accelerates the folding of proteins. FKBP3 is part of the immunophilin protein family, which participates in immunoregulation and fundamental cellular processes concerning protein folding and trafficking. FKBP3 is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase enzyme that binds the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin, as well as histone deacetylases, the transcription factor YY1, casein kinase II, and nucleolin. It has a greater affinity for rapamycin than for FK506 and therefore is a significant protein for immunosuppression by rapamycin.

VAPA is involved in vesicle traficking. VAPA is a type IV membrane protein. It is localized in the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles. VAPA is related with the cytoskeleton. VAPA functions membrane fusion, protein complex assembly and cell motility. VAPA is an essential regulator both of the subcellular localization of protrudin and of its ability to stimulate neurite outgrowth.

IFN-alpha is produced by macrophages and has antiviral activities. Interferon stimulates the production of two enzymes: protein kinase and an oligoadenylate synthetase.

Podocalyxin (PODXL) is a greatly glycosylated transmembrane sialoprotein in the CD34 and endoglycan family. The PODXL protein is involved in the regulation of both adhesion and cell morphology and cancer progression. PODXL functions as an anti-adhesive molecule, which retains an open filtration pathway between neighboring foot processes in the podocyte by charge repulsion. Moreover, PODXL serves as a pro-adhesive molecule, enhancing the adherence of cells to immobilized ligands, increasing the rate of migration and cell-cell contacts in an integrin-dependent manner.

Vav 1 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (VAV1), belongs to the VAV gene family. The VAV1 proteins are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho family GTPases which activate pathways leading to actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and transcriptional alterations. VAV1 is essential in hematopoiesis, taking part in T-cell and B-cell development and activation. VAV1 has been identified as the specific binding partner of Nef proteins from HIV-1. In addition, VAV1 contains an SH2 domain, which could show its function as a substrate for tyrosine kinases. Expression of VAV1 is limited solely to cells of hematopoietic origin, as well as those of the erythroid, lymphoid and myeloid lineages. Among the diseases associated with VAV1 are cherubism, and hiv-1.

MORC Family CW-Type Zinc Finger 3 (MORC3) localizes to the nuclear matrix. MORC3 takes part in the regulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. MORC3may indicate on dermatomyositis (DM) as autoantibodies against this protein have been found in patients.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 (CXCL11) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokinen family. I-TAC is highly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes, pancreas and liver, with moderate levels in thymus, spleen and lung and low expression levels were in small intestine, placenta and prostate. Gene expression of CXCL11 is strongly induced by IFN-g and IFN-b, and weakly induced by IFN-a. The I-TACchemokine elicits its effects on its target cells by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3, with a higher affinity than do the other ligands for this receptor, CXCL9 and CXCL10. I-TAC is chemotactic for activated T cells.The CXCL11 gene is located on human chromosome 4 along with many other members of the CXC chemokine family.

Purkinje cell protein 4-like protein 1 (PCP4L1) is a member of the PCP4 family and contains 1 IQ domain. PCP4L1 is a protein-coding gene.

PDCD4 is restricted to the nucleus in proliferating cells. Expression of PDCD4 is modulated by cytokines in natural killer and T cells. PDCD4 takes part in apoptosis. PDCD4 is a translation inhibitor targeted for degradation during tumor promotion. PDCD4 promotes colonic neoplastic transformation and tumor invasion. PDCD4 is an important target for microrna R-21 in breast cancer cells. Shortage of PDCD4 expression is associated with colorectal cancer.
PDCD4 is swiftly phosphorylated by S6K1 kinase protein & afterwords degraded by ubiquitin ligase SCF in response to mitogens.
PDCD4 in response to mitogens allows competent protein synthesis & cell growth. PDCD4 is a proapoptotic protein involved in TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis in human HCC cells, and a tumor suppressor in hepatocarcinogenesis. PDCD4 restraines tumor progression in colon carcinoma cells by the novel mechanism of down-regulating MAP4K1 transcription, with consequent inhibition of c-Jun activation and AP-1-dependent transcription.
Overexpression of PDCD4 in carcinoid cells results in inhibition of cell proliferation.

PDCD6 is a calcium-binding protein and is a member of the penta-EF-hand protein family. Calcium binding is vital for homodimerization and for conformational changes essential for binding to other protein partners. PDCD6 takes part in T cell receptor-, Fas-, and glucocorticoid-induced programmed cell death. However, tests showed that in mice deficient for PDCD6, apoptosis was not blocked which suggests that PDCD6 is functionally redundant.

CCNA2 is a member of the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins act as regulators of CDK kinases. Various cyclins demonstrate distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. Contrary to cyclin A1, which is present only in germ cells, CCNA2 is expressed in all tissues tested. CCNA2 binds and activates CDC2 or CDK2 kinases, and consequently promotes both cell cycle G1/S and G2/M transitions.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. CXCL10 is secreted by several cell types in response to IFN-?. These cell types include monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. CXCL10 has been attributed to several roles, such as chemoattraction for monocytes and T cells, promotion of T cell adhesion to endothelial cells, antitumor activity, and inhibition of bone marrow colony formation and angiogenesis. The gene for CXCL10 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster among several other CXC chemokines. This chemokine elicits its effects by binding to the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3. The three-dimensional crystal structure of this chemokine has been determined under 3 different conditions to a resolution of up to 1.92A.

cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor beta (PKIB) belongs to the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor family. PKIB may interact with the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and function as a competitive inhibitor.

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligandactivated transcription factors within the nuclear receptor superfamily, which play important roles in adipogenesis, glucose homeostasis andinflammation. Three different isotypes can be distinguished; alpha, beta and gamma. PPARg, is mainly expressed in adipose tissue and to lesser extent in colon, the immune system and the retina. Whereas PPARg operates in the catabolism of fatty acids in the liver, PPARg influences the storage of fatty acids in the adipose tissue and plays a role in adipocyte differentiation. PPARg binds to DNA as a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR), activating expression of target genes after binding ligand.

GTPase, IMAP Family Member 5 (GIMAP5) is a part of the GTP-binding superfamily and the immuno-associated nucleotide subfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins. GIMAP5 is an antiapoptotic protein which is required for mitochondrial integrity and T-cell survival. Polymorphisms in GIMAP5 are related with systemic lupus erythematosus. Read-through transcription can be found between GIMAP5 and the neighboring upstream GIMAP1 (GTPase, IMAP family member 1) gene. GIMAP5 also contributes to T-cell quiescence.

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3) is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase family. CDKN3 was identified as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and was shown to interact with, and dephosphorylate CDK2 kinase, consequently prevent the activation of CDK2 kinase. In addition CDKN3 is important in cell cycle regulation. The CDKN3 gene was reported to be deleted, mutated, or overexpressed in several kinds of cancers.

Procalcitonin is a peptide hormone mainly produced by the C cells of the thyroid and certain endocrine cells of the lung. Under normal expression conditions, procalcitonin is immediately cleaved into three specific fragments, an N terminal residue, calcitonin and katacalcin. Levels of unprocessed procalcitonin rise significantly after bacterial infection, trauma or shock.

Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase Like (PYCRL) is a member of the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family and acts as a homodecamer. PYCRL plays a key role in proline bio-synthesis. Proline serves as a non-enzymatic antioxidant to reduce damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microorganisms, animals and plants. In the final stage of proline biosynthesis, PYCRL catalyzes the reduction of aldehyde dehydrogenase 4A1 (ALDH4A1) to proline with NAD(P)H as the cofactor.

RAB18 belongs to a family of Ras-related small GTPase which is lipid-anchored to the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane. RAB18 takes part in apical recycling, endocytosis and protein transport between early endosomes and the plasma membrane.

MAPK13 belongs to the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases perform as an incorporation point for various biochemical signals. MAP kinases take part in an extensive range of cellular courses like differentiation, development, transcription regulation and proliferation. MAPK13 is phosphorylated by MKK6 as a reaction to cytokines and cellular stresses.

DNA repair protein complementing XP-A cells, (XPA), is a member of the XPA family. XPA protein takes a part in DNA excision repair. It Inductees repair by binding to damaged sites with different affinities depending on the photoproduct and the transcriptional state of the region. Defects in XPA is the reason of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XP-A), which is infrequent human autosomal recessive disease which characterized by solar sensitivity, high predisposition for developing cancers on areas exposed to sunlight, also may cause to neurological abnormalities.