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THO Complex 7, also known as THOC7, is a component of the THO subcomplex of the TREX complex which couples mRNA transcription, processing and nuclear export, and which related to spliced mRNA. THOC7 is a protein coding gene which is essential for export of polyadenylated RNA. Furthermore, THOC7 is associated with RNA transport.

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF181 (RNF181) accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the thioester form and subsequently directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. RNF181 is widely expressed, with the highest levels in the liver and heart and the lowest levels in the brain and skeletal muscle. RNF181 is also expressed in platelets (at protein level).

Bestrophin 1 (BEST1) is a part of the bestrophin gene family and is also forms calcium-activated chloride-ion channels in epithelial. This small gene family is characterized by proteins with a highly conserved N-terminus with 4-6 transmembrane domains. BEST1 is extremely permeable to bicarbonate.

Kallikrein-3 (KLK3) is a part of the kallikrein-related peptidase family. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having various physiological functions. Numerous kallikreins take part in carcinogenesis and some may be prospective cancer and other disease biomarkers. Kallikrein-3 is 1 of the 15 kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19 and is a protease present in seminal plasma. KLK3 hydrolyzes semenogelin-1 consequently leading to the liquefaction of the seminal coagulum. KLK3 acts normally in the liquefaction of seminal coagulum, probably by hydrolysis of the high molecular mass seminal vesicle protein. Serum level of the KLK3 protein, called PSA in the clinical setting, is beneficial in the diagnosis and monitoring of prostatic carcinoma.

Pleckstrin Homology Domain Containing Family F Member 2, also known as PLEKHF2, contains 1 FYVE-type zinc finger and 1 PH domain. PLEKHF2 takes part in early endosome fusion upstream of RAB5, regulates receptor trafficking and fluid-phase transport. PLEKHF2 increases cellular sensitivity to TNF-induced apoptosis.

Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein that belongs to the transferrin family of iron binding proteins. It is found in human breast milk as well as most epithelial surface secretions including tears, nasogastric, saliva, and bronchial. Lactoferrin binds 2 molecules of iron with very high affinity. Lactoferrin inhibits bacterial growth by withholding iron, its N-terminal region is an antimicrobial peptide. Lactotransferrin acts synergistically with lysozyme to potentiate the activity of both proteins. The multifunctional protein lactoferrin has many physiological possible roles. It is often referred to as an innate defense protein and frequently serves as the first line of defense in protection against pathogens. It has been shown to have the ability to bind iron, it is a natural anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral, it is an antioxidant and it also has immunomodulatory properties. It has many beneficial properties, which make it a good candidate for a number of product applications. Considerable research is currently going on to explain the various suggested biological functions of lactoferrin.

Endophilin-B1 (SH3GLB1) is a part of the endophilin family and highly expresses in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney and placenta. Endophilin B1 belongs to the B subgroup of the endophilin family which is needed for preservation of mitochondrial morphology and for the regulation of the outer mitochondrial membrane dynamics. SH3GLB1 is required for normal outer mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Furthermore, SH3GLB1 is required for coatomer-mediated retrograde transport in certain cells. SH3GLB1 interacts with SH3GLB2 and Bcl-2-associated X protein and involved in regulating apoptotic signaling pathways.

OX40 Ligandis a part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)receptor family. OX40L receptor is OX40 which is expressed predominantly on activated CD4+ T cells.OX40 Ligandis expressed on various antigen-presenting cells such asmacrophages, DC2sand activated Blymphocytes. Expression of OX40 is momentary following engagement of T cell receptors. The ligation of OX40-OX40L stimulates proliferation anddifferentiation of activated B cells,increases immunoglobulin secretion and is also a sourceof survival signal for T cells and enables the development of memory T cells.

Calumenin is a calcium-binding protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of mammalian tissues which plays a role in ER functions as protein folding and sorting. Calumenin belongs to a family of multiple EF-hand proteins (CERC) that include reticulocalbin, ERC-55, and Cab45 and the product of this gene. Calumenin binds 7 calcium ions having low affinity and takes part in such ER functions as protein folding and sorting.

Mediator of ErbB2-driven cell motility 1 (MEMO1) is a member of the UPF0103 family. MEMO1 regulates cell migration by transmitting extracellular chemotactic signals to the microtubule cytoskeleton. Furthermore, MEMO1 controls the localization of APC and CLASP2 to the cell membrane, using the regulation of GSK3B activity. MEMO1 is essential for breast carcinoma cell migration, suggesting a key role in tumorigenesis. MEMO1 is also a mediator of ERBB2 signaling.

DNAL4 is a member of the dynein light chain family. DNAL4 is a component of the dynein motor complex in cells that converts the chemical energy contained in ATP into the mechanical energy of movement. Dynein transports various cellular cargos by moving the length of cytoskeletal microtubules towards the minus-end of the microtubule, which is typically oriented towards the cell center.

The 14-3-3 family of proteins plays a key regulatory role in signal transduction, checkpoint control, apoptotic and nutrient-sensing pathways. 14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed. There are at least seven isoforms, β, γ, ε, σ, ζ, τ and η that have been identified in mammals. The 14-3-3 tau, a subtype of the 14-3-3 family of proteins, was found in T Cells, brain and testes. This 14-3-3 tau is upregulated in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

IMP2 Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Peptidase-Like (IMMP2L) is implicated in processing the signal peptide sequences, IMMP2L is used to direct mitochondrial proteins to the mitochondria. IMMP2L resides in the mitochondria and is one of the essential proteins for the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase (IMP) complex. Two variants which encode the same protein have been found for IMMP2L.

Rab3A is a member of the small GTPase superfamily, Rab family. Rab3A is a small, Ras-like GTPase expressed in neuroendocrine cells, in which Rab3A is linked with secretory vesicle membranes and regulates exocytosis. Rab3A protein may have a role in neurotransmitter release by regulating membrane flow in the nerve terminal.

Ribosomes are the organelles which catalyze protein synthesis and comprised of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Combined, the small 40S and large 60S subunits are composed of 4 RNA types and about 80 structurally distinct proteins. RPS16, a ribosomal protein, is a component of the 40S subunit and a member of the S9P family of ribosomal proteins. RPS16 is situated in the cytoplasm. Just like other genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are numerous processed pseudogenes of RPS16 spread through the genome.

Signal recognition particle 19kDa protein (SRP19) is a member of the SRP19 family. SRP19 binds directly to 7S RNA and mediates binding of the 54 kDa subunit of the SRP.

Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 4 (COA4) is the last enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain which needs a great number of accessory factors. COA4 is vital for oxidative phosphorylation and comprises multiple complexes including cytochrome c oxidase, assembled in macromolecular supercomplexes. COX4 is a protein-coding gene which defect in it causes an acute human encephalomyopathies.

RBM8A belongs to the EJC (The exon junction complex) which is involved in mRNA export, cytoplasmic localization and nonsense mediated mRNA decay. RBM8A is able to communicate to the cytoplasm the processing history of the mRNA, including the position of the removed introns. Even though RBM8A shuttles to the cytoplasm, it is mostly detected in the nucleus and is colocalized with oskar mRNA at the posterior pole of the cell.

Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Esterase L1 (UCHL1) is a part of a family whose products hydrolyze small C-terminal adducts of ubiquitin to create the ubiquitin monomer. UCHL1 is a part of the ubiquitin system, which regulates many biological activities. UCHL1 is a thiol protease that distinguishes and hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin. UCHL1 binds to free monoubiquitin and avoids its degradation in lysosomes.

RAB1A belongs to the ras-related superfamily. Rab proteins have a central part in either in endocytosis or in biosynthetic protein transport. Rab1a protein controls vesicle traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

ARF1 is a small guanine nucleotide-binding protein that increases the enzymatic activities of cholera toxin. ARF1 is necessary and ubiquitous in eukaryotes. ARF1 takes part in vesicular transport and functioning via phospholipase D activation. ARF1 is involved in membrane traffic and organelle integrity which are closely tied to their reversible association with membranes and distinct interactions with membrane phospholipids.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) or classical MAP kinases are widely expressed protein kinaseintracellular signalingmolecules which are involved in functions including the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. Many different stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, virusinfection, ligands for heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors, transforming agents, and carcinogens, activate the ERK pathway.
The term, "extracellular signal-regulated kinases", is sometimes used as a synonym for mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), but has more recently been adopted for a specific subset of the mammalianMAPK family. In the MAPK/ERK pathway, Rasactivates c-Raf, followed by MEKand then MAPK1/2 (below). Ras is typically activated by growth hormones through receptor tyrosine kinasesand GRB2/SOS, but may also receive other signals. ERKs are known to activate many transcription factors and some downstream protein kinases. Disruption of the ERK pathway is common in cancers, especially Ras, c-Raf and receptors such as HER2.Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) is also known as "extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1" (ERK1). Transgenic gene knockoutmice lacking MAPK3 are viable and it is thought that MAPK1 can fulfill most MAPK3 functions in most cells. The main exception is in T cells. Mice lacking MAPK3 have reduced T cell development past the CD4+CD8+ stage.

Hyaluronan And Proteoglycan Link Protein 1, which is also known as HAPLN1 is a part of the HAPLN family.HAPLN1 contains one Ig-like V-type domain and two Link domains. In the extracellular cartilage matrix, HAPLN1 stabilizes the aggregates of proteoglycan monomers by means of hyaluronic acid .

The SARS Nucleocaspid is a protein that has a crucial structural importance, by making the virions associates with the RNA genome and therefore create a nucleocapsid that has the specific helical form. There has been found 3 different domain structures to the nucleocapsid antigen. This protein contains 3 outer structural proteins, the membrane (M), envelope (E), and spike (S) proteins.