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Alpha & Gamma-Adaptin Binding Protein (AAGAB), which is also known as P34, takes part in membrane traffic and interacts with AP1G1 and AP2A1.AAGAB is highly expressed in skin and keratinocytes, with the highest levels in adrenal gland, rectum and thymus.

MIG (CXCL9) is a small cytokine which is part of the CXC chemokine family. MIG, which is also recognized as monokine is induced by gamma interferon. MIG is related to 2 other CXC chemokines named CXCL10 and CXCL11, whose genes are located next to the gene for CXCL9 on human chromosome 4. CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 obtain their chemotactic functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CXCR3.

CTBP1 participates in controlling the equilibrium between tubular and stacked structures in the Golgi complex. CTBP1 functions in brown adipose tissue differentiation. CTBP1 has dehydrogenase activity. CTBP1 binds to the C-terminus of adenovirus E1A proteins. CTBP1 phosphoprotein is a transcriptional repressor and that takes part during cellular proliferation. CTBP1 & CTBP2 can dimerize and interact with a polycomb group protein complex which is involved in regulation of gene expression during development.

CTD small phosphatase-like protein (CTDSPL) specially catalyzes the dephosphorylation of 'Ser-5' within the tandem 7 residues repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the biggest RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A. CTDSPL negatively regulates RNA polymerase II transcription, probably by directing the transition from initiation/capping to processive transcript elongation. CTDSPL is employed by REST to neuronal genes which contain RE-1 elements, directing to neuronal gene silencing in non-neuronal cells.

Protein MIS12 Belongs to the mis12 family. MIS12 is an element of the MIS12 complex, which is necessary for kinetochore formation during mitosis and normal chromosome alignment and segregation. The MIS12 complex which comprised of MIS12,DSN1 , NSL1 and PMF-1. MIS12 is section of a network of complexes that supply microtubule attachment and generates pulling forces from depolymerization.

CTLA-4 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and encodes a protein which transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. The protein contains a V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The membrane-bound isoform functions as a homodimer interconnected by a disulfide bond, while the soluble isoform functions as a monomer. Mutations in this gene have been associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, celiac disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, and other autoimmune diseases.

E-selectin which is also called Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, ELAM1, ELAM belongs to a family of divalent cation-dependent carbohydrate-binding glycoproteins or adhesion molecules. Eselectin is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and mediates the interaction of leukocytes and platelets with endothelial cells during an inflammatory response. E-selectin is present in single copy in the human genome and contains 14 exons spanning about 13 kb of DNA.

E-selectin (SELE) is a part of a family of divalent cation-dependent carbohydrate-binding glycoproteins or adhesion molecules. E-selectin is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and mediates the interaction of leukocytes and platelets with endothelial cells during an inflammatory response. E-selectin is present in single copy in the human genome and contains 14 exons spanning about 13 kb of DNA.

Plasma protease C1 inhibitor (SERPING1) is a part of the serpin superfamily of serine protease inhibitors. SERPING1 plays an important role in regulating activation of both the complement and contact systems. That isdue to the fact that SERPING1 regulates the activation of complement factor C1 in addition to the activity of activated C1 by coupling with the active catalytic site at the light chains of C1r and C1s. SERPING1 insufficiency results in hereditary angioedema, which is characterized by recurrent episodes of localized angioedema of the skin, gastrointestinal mucosa or upper respiratory mucosa.

Heat Shock Transcription Factor, Y-Linked 1 (HSFY1) is a member of the heat shock factor (HSF) family of transcriptional activators for heat shock proteins. HSFY1 is localizes to an area of chromosome Y which is from time to time deleted in infertile males and therefore is considered a gene for azoospermia. The genome has 2 identical duplicates of HSFY1 within a palindromic area.

HSPA6 is a distinctive member of the human Hsp70 chaperone that takes part in cellular processes such as protein trafficking, folding, and prevention of aggregation. HSPA6 is strictly stress-inducible, having little or no basal expression levels in most cells. HSPA6 and HSP72 are are involved in cell survival of proteotoxic stress.

Thermosensitive Gluconokinase, also known as IDNK is a 187 a.a protein which is a member of the gluconokinase gntK/gntV family. IDNK catalyzes theconversion of ATP and D-gluconate to ADP and 6-phospho-D-gluconate. In addition, IDNK is considered to take part in gender determination, deletion of the distal portion of 9p is able to lead to a development of male to female sex reversal, the phenotype of a female with a male X, Y genotype.

g-synuclein(Originally known as a breast cancer specific gene product, BCSG1) is an acidic neuronal protein of 127 amino acids. Gamma-Synuclein is a member of the Synuclein protein family, which is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. High levels of Gamma-Synuclein have been found in advanced breast carcinomas suggesting a correlation between overexpression of SNCG and breast tumor development. Synuclein-Gamma is found mostly in the peripheral nervous system (in primary sensory neurons, sympathetic neurons, and motor neurons) and retina. SNCG is also identified in the brain, ovarian tumors, and in the olfactory epithelium. SNCG expression in breast tumors is a marker for tumor progression. A modification in the expression of gamma-synuclein has been detected in the retina of Alzheimer's patients.

BAIAP2 is a ubiquitous regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. Controled by the Rho-family GTPases BAIAP2 facilitates filopodia development. BAIAP2 is expressed in the cytoplasm and binds small membrane-bound G-proteins to cytoplasmic effector proteins. BAIAP2 was identified as interacting with the dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy gene, which is related to an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease.

Nucleopurin 62kDa C-Terminal Like, which is also known as NUP62CL, is a protein-coding gene. NUP62CL contains a domain found in nucleoporins which are glycoproteins located in nuclear pore complexes.

ST13 is an adaptor protein (co-chaperone) that mediates the association of HSP70 & HSP90 and appears in early receptor complexes. ST13 plays a role in the assembly process of glucocorticoid receptor, which requires the assistance of multiple molecular chaperones. The expression of ST13 is downregulated in colorectal carcinoma tissue signifying that is candidate tumor suppressor gene. Through common binding to both Hsp70 and Hsp90, ST13 functions as an adaptor that can integrate Hsp70 and Hsp90 interactions. The expression of ST13 decreases in colorectal cancer tissue compared with that in adjacent normal tissue. ST13 is mostly expressed in colorectal epithelia and adenocarcinoma cells. ST13 functions to promote the efficiency of glucocorticoid receptor maturation in cells. The expression levels of the ST13 gene were significantly decreased in primary tumors compared with adjacent mucosa.

The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. Many BMPs are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. BMPs were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. Based on its expression early in embryogenesis, the BMP encoded by this gene has a proposed role in early development. In addition, the fact that this BMP is closely related to BMP5 and BMP7 has lead to speculation of possible bone inductive activity.

Epiregulin is part of the EGF family. Epiregulin functions as a ligand of EGFR, as well as a ligand of most members of the ERBB (v-erb-b2 oncogene homolog) family of tyrosine-kinase receptors.Epiregulin is expressed mostly in the placenta and peripheral blood leukocytes and in specific carcinomas of the bladder, lung, kidney and colon. Epiregulin stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Epiregulin inhibits the growth of several tumor-derived epithelial cell lines. Human Epiregulin is initially synthesized as a glycosylated 19.0 kDa transmembrane precursor protein, which is processed by proteolytic cleavage to produce a 6.0 kDa mature secreted sequence.

PABPN1 is an highly expressed nuclear protein which has high affinity to nascent poly(A) tails. PABPN1 is essential for progressive and efficient polymerization of poly(A) tails at the 3' ends of eukaryotic transcripts and regulates the length of the poly(A) tail to about 250 nt. In its steady-state, PABPN1 is restricted to the nucleus however there are different poly(A) binding proteins which can be found in the cytoplasm. PABPN1 has a GCG trinucleotide repeat at the 5' end of the coding region. Expansion of this repeat from the normal 6 copies to 8-13 copies results in autosomal dominant oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) disease. Associated pseudogenes were located on chromosomes 19 and X. Additionally, there is a read-through transcription between PABPN1 gene and the adjacent upstream BCL2L2 (BCL2-like 2) gene.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. This chemokine is also known as 6Ckine (because it has six conserved cysteine residues instead of the four cysteines typical to chemokines), exodus-2, and secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC). CCL21 is expressed predominantly in the lymph nodes and, in contrast to other CC chemokines, is chemotactic for lymphocytes. The gene for CCL21 is located on human chromosome 9. CCL21 elicits its effects by binding to a cell surface chemokine receptor known as CCR7.

FABP1 (Fatty acid binding protein1) encodes the fatty acid binding protein found in liver. FABP1 is composed of ten antiparallel beta strands that form a barrel with a bigger binding pocket than the other FABPs allowing it to accommodate two fatty acid. This protein binds free fatty acids and their coenzyme A derivatives, bilirubin, and some other small molecules in the cytoplasm; it may be involved in intracellular lipid transport and metabolism.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells. It is also synthesized by endothelial cells, which store IL-8 in their storage vesicles, the Weibel-Palade bodies. When first encountering an antigen, the primary cells to encounter it are the macrophages who phagocytose the particle. Upon processing, they release chemokines to signal other immune cells to come in to the site of inflammation. IL-8 is one such chemokine. It serves as a chemical signal that attracts neutrophils at the site of inflammation, and therefore is also known as Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor.

TAGLN3 holds a putative Actin-binding domain, two potential phosphorylation sites, two EF-hand motifs and a calponin-homology (CH) domain. TAGLN3 is homologic to transgelin and calponin, two cytoskeleton-interacting proteins. TAGLN3 is a member of the calponin family, and is co-localized with Actin and tubulin, which indicates that TAGLN3 has a part in neuronal plasticity or as a signaling protein. As a result of a wide-ranging expression pattern, TAGLN3 is able to take different roles in the developing and adult brain.

CA14 is a part of the Carbonic anhydrases family. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They present wide variety in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA14 is a type I membrane protein which shares highest sequence similarity with the other transmembrane CA isoform, CA XII. Nevertheless, they have different patterns of tissue-specific expression and therefore take different physiologic parts.