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S100A8 is a part of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a broad range of cells, and participate in the regulation of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100A8 plays a role in the inhibition of casein kinase and as a cytokine. S100A8 altered expression is related with cystic fibrosis disease. S100A8 is a calcium-binding protein that has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.S100A8 is crucial for resistance towards invasion by pathogenic bacteria. S100A8 up-regulates transcription of genes that are under the control of NF-kappa-B. S100A8 plays a role in the development of endotoxic shock in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. S100A8 endorses tubulin polymerization and promotes phagocyte migration and infiltration of granulocytes at sites of wounding. S100A8 takes part as a pro-inflammatory mediator in acute and chronic inflammation and up-regulates the release of IL8 and cell-surface expression of ICAM1.

APOA1 (Apolipoprotein A-1) is a human protein with a specific role in lipid metabolism being the main protein component of HDL in the plasma. APOA1 promotes cholesterol efflux from tissues to the liver for excretion. Furthermore, APOA1 is a cofactor for LCAT, which is responsible for the formation of most plasma cholesteryl esters. In addition, APOA1 activates spermatozoa motility as part of the SPAP complex. The APOA1 gene is strongly linked with two other apolipoprotein genes on chromosome 11. Defects in the APOA1 gene are linked to HDL deficiency including Tangier disease, and with systemic non-neuropathic amyloidosis. High levels of APOA1 are linked to the manifestation of asthma and atopy.

PIM1, which is a part of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family and PIM subfamily, is expressed primarily in B-lymphoid and myeloid cell lines, and is overexpressed in hematopoietic malignancies and in prostate cancer. PIM1 functions as Proto-oncogene with serine/threonine kinase activity involved in cell survival and cell proliferation, consequently providing a selective advantage in tumorigenesis. Both human and orthologous mouse genes have been reported to encode two isoforms resulting from the use of alternative in-frame translation initiation codons, the upstream non-AUG (CUG) and downstream AUG codons.

Galectin 3, or LGALS3, is a protein which belongs to the animal lectins family, that binds betagalactoside residues selectively. LGALS3 is originated and leaves cells through ectocytosis. The protein is capable of inhibition apoptosis and the development of cancer. Galectin 3 is found in epithelial tissues in organisms, it can be located in dendritic cells, Kupffer cells, macrophages etc. LGALS3 levels elevated when inflammation is generating, cell proliferation, trans-activation by viral proteins and cell differentiation.

Granzyme-B (GZMB) is essential for target cell lysis in cell-mediated immune responses. GZMB is related to an activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. GZMB cuts caspase-3, -7, -9 and 10 to activate enzymes mediating apoptosis.

RBM3 belongs to the glycine-rich RNA-binding protein family and encodes a protein with one RNArecognition motif (RRM) domain. By cold shock and low oxygen tension the expression of this gene is induced. On chromosome 1 a pseudogene exists. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.Diseases associated with RBM3 include vaccinia, andcryptorchidism. GO annotations linked to this gene include RNA binding and ribosomal large subunit binding. An important paralog of this gene is RBMY1J.

Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) belongs to the SFRP family which contains a cysteine-rich domain homologous to the putative Wnt-binding site of Frizzled proteins. SFRPs serve as soluble modulators of Wnt signaling. SFRP4 may serve as a regulator of adult uterine morphology and function. SFRP4 increases apoptosis during ovulation possibly via modulation of FZ1/FZ4/WNT4 signaling. SFRP4 also has phosphaturic effects by specifically inhibiting sodium-dependent phosphate uptake. SFRP4 is expressed in proliferative endometrium and several types of ovarian, endometrial and Brest tumors. SFRP4 is expressed in mesenchymal cells and in cardiomyocytes. SFRP4 expression in ventricular myocardium correlates with apoptosis related gene expression. SFRP4 is up-regulated in failing myocardium.

The Recombinant Protein L is comprised of 5 kappa-binding domains. Protein L has the exceptional ability to bind through kappa light chain interactions without hindering with the antibody’s antigen-binding site. This gives Protein L the capacity to bind a broader range of Ig classes and subclasses than other antibody-binding proteins. The recombinant Protein L is perfect for purification of polyclonal or monoclonal IgG antibodies. Protein L binds to IgG from humans, mice, rats and pigs.

PMP2 is a small protein found in peripheral nerve myelin and spinal cord myelin, belongs to a family of fatty acid binding proteins. PMP2 partly decreases the inhibitory effect of T suppressors in the culture of immune lymph node cells. PMP2 protein is a lipid transport protein in schwann cells.

AFP is normally synthesized in the liver, intestinal tract, and yolk sac of the fetus. Antibody to AFP has been shown to be useful in detecting hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and germ cell neoplasms, especially yolk sac tumors.

CRAHSP1 is a serine phosphoprotein initially identified as a physiological substrate for the Ca2+-calmodulin regulated protein phosphatase calcineurin (PP2B). CRAHSP1 interacts with the STYX/dead phosphate protein in developing spermatids and is a paralog of the brain-specific mRNA-binding protein PIPPIN. It is believed to have a common role in calcium-mediated signal transduction resulting from phosphorylation on serine residues.

SLAM family member 6 (SLAMF6) is a member of the SLAM family of immune cell receptors. SLAMF6 is a unique receptor on T cells which, when triggered potentiates T cell expansion in a CD28-independent manner. SLAMF6 has a high expression on NK-, T-, and B cells. SLAMF6 exhibits homotypic interactions and can connect with adaptor molecules such as SAP to alter immune cell function.

Ectodysplasin A Receptor, also known as EDAR belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. EDAR is a receptor for the soluble ligand ectodysplasin A, and is capable of activating the nuclear factor-kappaB, JNK, as well as caspase-independent cell death pathways. EDAR is necessary for the development of hair, teeth, and other ectodermal derivatives. Furthermore, mutations in EDAR resulted in autosomal dominant and recessive forms of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

OAZ1 is a member of the ODC antizyme family. OAZ1 is auto-regulated expressed by polyamine-enhanced translational frame shifting. OAZ1 negatively controls polyamine synthesis by increasing the negative feedback loop regulating ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. The OAZ1 protein inhibits ornithine decarboxylase and speeds up its detraction.

SERPINA5 up regulates TAFI activation by inhibiting the protein C activation. SERPINA5 is a significant regulator in the equilibrium between coagulation and fibrinolysis by differentially inhibiting the activation of TAFI and of Protein-C. SERPINA5 belongs to the serpin serine proteinase inhibitor family. SERPINA5 protein inhibits plasminogen activators as well as activated protein C.
SERPINA5 is secreted in plasma & liver. SERPINA5 is involved in cell inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, tumour cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, SERPINA5 controls the invasive potential of renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting urinary plasminogen activator secreted by the cells. SERPINA5 participtes in regulating key serine proteases which are involved in metastatic prostate disease.

Docking Protein 4(DOK4) is a member of the DOK family. DOK proteins are enzymatically inert adaptor or scaffolding proteins. The DOK proteins present a docking platform for the compilation of multimolecular signaling complexes. DOK4 serves in RET-mediated neurite outgrowth and has a positive role in activation of the MAP kinase pathway. DOK4 is a putative link with downstream effectors of RET in neuronal differentiation. DOK4 is involved in the regulation of the immune response induced by T-cells.

OVCA2 is a member of the UPF0483 family. Universally expressed, the OVCA2 expression is regulated by retinoids. OVCA2 cooperates with apoptosis-related protein Bag-1, which indicates that OVCA2 takes part in cell proliferation. OVCA2 is thought to perform as a serine-hydrolase due to its catalytic and structural characteristics. Additionally, OVCA2 is believed to be involved in tumor suppression because of its reduced expression in ovarian and other tumor cell lines.

Chromosome 7 Open Reading Frame 49 (C7ORF49) is affiliated with the lncRNA class. C7ORF49 characterizes the hamster ortholog and suggests that it may modulate the ability of the proteasome to degrade retroviral cores upon cellular infection.

DNAJC19 is part of a complex involved in the ATP-dependent transport of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner cell membrane to the mitochondrial matrix. DNAJC19 is a single-pass membrane protein which contains a J domain and is localized to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Expressed ubiquitously, DNAJC19 acts as a component of the mitochondrial DNAJC19 complex that is responsible for the ATP-dependent translocation of select proteins from the inner mitochondrial membrane to the mitochondrial matrix. Defects in the DNAJC19 gene are the cause of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5 (MGA5), otherwise known as dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (DCMA).

ADFP is related with the globule surface membrane material. ADFP is a major constituent of the globule surface. Rise in mRNA levels is one of the initial indications of adipocyte differentiation. Mycobacterium leprae regulates ADFP expression to facilitate the accumulation of lipids within infected macrophages for intracellular survival. ADFP is expressed in lipid droplets of vitamin A-storing hepatic stellate cells and additionally in lipid droplets of steatotic hepatocytes. ADFP expression has a role in clear cell renal carcinoma differentiation. ADFP is a component of the lipid droplets in THP-1 cells.

Transcription elongation factor A protein-like 8 (TCEAL8) is a member of the TFS-II family and TFA subfamily. TCEAL8 is involved in transcriptional regulation and localized in nucleus. TFS-II family members contain TFA domains and act as nuclear phosphoproteins which control transcription in a promoter context-dependent mode. Numerous family members are found on the X chromosome.

PEST proteolytic signal containing nuclear protein (PCNP) is a nuclear protein involved in cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis. The PCNP protein is ubiquitinated post-translationally by NIRF (an ubiquitin ligase). The PCNP exists as 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing events.

Non muscle Myosins are required for cytokinesis at the end of cell division, when a contractile ring near the plasmalemma divides the cytoplasm of the daughter cells. They are involved in cytoplasmic streaming movements in tissues, and especially in activation of motile cells such as fibroblasts and macrophages. Activation of non-muscle myosin-II is achieved by phosphorylation of Ser33 in the motif KKRPQRATSN by a dedicated, Ca +2 Calmodulin regulated light chain kinase (MLCK).