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Retatrutide is atriple agonist targeting the GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors which offers a distinct metabolic profile that goes beyond previous dual agonists like Tirzepatide. Retatrutide takes a very important part in metabolic pharmacotherapy, achieving high weight loss of nearly 30% in Phase 3 trials. Retatrutide’s triple-receptor agonism—mainly the inclusion of the glucagon receptor—provides a superior metabolic advantage in clearing liver fat and increasing thermogenesis compared to dual agonists.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of GLP 2 HUMAN Protein?
GLP 2 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 3.92kDa.


What is the Purity of GLP 2 HUMAN Protein?
GLP 2 HUMAN Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of GLP 2 HUMAN Protein?
The biological functionality of GLP 2 HUMAN Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of GLP 2 HUMAN Protein?
His-Ala-Asp-Gly-Ser-Phe-Ser-Asp-Glu-Met-Asn-Thr-Ile-Leu-Asp-Asn-Leu-Ala-Ala-Arg-Asp-Phe-Ile-Asn-Trp-Leu-Ile-Gln-Thr-Lys-Ile-Thr-Asp-Arg.

What applications can GLP 2 HUMAN Protein be used in?
GLP 2 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for GLP 2 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, GLP 2 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of Elamipretide Protein?
Elamipretide Protein has a total Mw of 639Da.
What is the source or expression system of Elamipretide Protein?
Synthetic peptide

What is the Purity of Elamipretide Protein?
Elamipretide Protein is >97% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of Elamipretide Protein?
The biological functionality of Elamipretide Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of Elamipretide Protein?
H-D-Arg-(2',6'-dimethyl-Tyr)-Lys-Phe-NH2

What applications can Elamipretide Protein be used in?
Elamipretide Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for Elamipretide Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, Elamipretide Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Elamipretide (also known as SS-31) is a novel mitochondrial-targeted peptide with immense promise as a therapeutic agent in mitochondrial dysfunction-related disorders. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of Elamipretide, delving into its biochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and potential applications in various disease conditions.

Elamipretide, a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide, has garnered attention for its unique ability to protect mitochondria from oxidative stress and attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction (Siegel et al., 2013). This paper endeavors to explore Elamipretide's biochemical basis and its potential as a therapeutic agent in various diseases linked to mitochondrial impairment.

Elamipretide selectively accumulates within the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it exerts its cytoprotective effects. By reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhancing electron transport chain efficiency, Elamipretide plays a crucial role in mitochondrial homeostasis (Kloner et al., 2015).

The mitochondrial protective actions of Elamipretide arise from its interaction with cardiolipin, a phospholipid predominantly localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane. By binding to cardiolipin, Elamipretide stabilizes mitochondrial cristae, improves membrane integrity, and enhances oxidative phosphorylation (Minkler et al., 2015).

Elamipretide's potential applications extend to a myriad of disease conditions characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. In preclinical studies, Elamipretide has shown promise in mitigating tissue damage following ischemia-reperfusion injury, preserving cardiac function after myocardial infarction, and ameliorating neurodegenerative processes (Birk et al., 2017; Cho et al., 2015).

As the research on Elamipretide progresses, further investigation is warranted to better understand its pharmacokinetics, long-term safety, and potential off-target effects. Clinical trials exploring its therapeutic efficacy in human diseases offer exciting prospects for the future.

Elamipretide, a mitochondria-targeting peptide, emerges as a promising candidate in combating mitochondrial dysfunction-related disorders. Its unique ability to stabilize mitochondrial membranes and enhance cellular bioenergetics positions Elamipretide as a novel therapeutic option for a diverse range of diseases.

Fertirelin, a potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue, is crucial for fertility regulation in animals. This research paper endeavors to expound on the biochemical attributes of fertirelin and its potential therapeutic applications in veterinary medicine.

Fertirelin, a synthetic analogue of the natural gonadotropin-releasing hormone, plays a fundamental role in fertility regulation in veterinary medicine. It stimulates the secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, crucial for reproduction (Kotwica et al., 2005). This paper aims to delve into the biochemical characteristics of fertirelin and its potential applications.

Fertirelin, as a GnRH analogue, elicits its action by binding to GnRH receptors located on pituitary gonadotroph cells. This leads to the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, key players in ovulation and spermatogenesis (Kotwica et al., 2005).

In the realm of veterinary medicine, fertirelin is primarily used for treating ovarian follicular cysts in dairy cattle (Bosu & Peter, 1987). Its potent stimulatory effect on gonadotropin secretion facilitates ovulation and contributes to fertility management strategies.

The potential of fertirelin extends beyond the current applications. Further research into the precise mechanism of action and potential side effects can enhance its utilization. Overall, fertirelin presents a powerful tool in veterinary reproductive medicine, making it a focal point of interest for future studies.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE HUMAN Protein?
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 30kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE HUMAN Protein?
Urine of post-menopausal women.

What is the Biological Activity of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE HUMAN Protein?
The biological functionality of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE HUMAN Protein will be determined in the future.

What is the amino acid sequence of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE HUMAN Protein?
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE HUMAN Protein is composed from 92 amino acids a chain and 111 amino acids b chain.

What applications can FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE HUMAN Protein be used in?
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of THYMOSIN-A1 HUMAN Protein?
THYMOSIN-A1 HUMAN Protein has a total Mw of 3.1kDa.

What is the Purity of THYMOSIN-A1 HUMAN Protein?
THYMOSIN-A1 HUMAN Protein is >99% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of THYMOSIN-A1 HUMAN Protein?
The biological functionality of THYMOSIN-A1 HUMAN Protein will be determined in the future.

What applications can THYMOSIN-A1 HUMAN Protein be used in?
THYMOSIN-A1 HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for THYMOSIN-A1 HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, THYMOSIN-A1 HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Adipotide is a proapoptotic peptidomimetic which selectively destroy the blood vessels supplying white adipose tissue. Adipotide plays a main role in translational metabolic research. Adipotide is the most potent proof-of-concept for non-hormonal, vascular-targeted fat reduction.

Tesamorelin is a growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analogue. Tesamorelin stimulates the pituitary gland to produce endogenous growth hormone, which targets visceral adipose tissue. Tesamorelin has evolved from a HIV treatment into an effective metabolic and regenerative therapy.

Selank, also known as TP-7, is a synthetic peptide that has garnered significant attention in the scientific community due to its potential anxiolytic, neuroprotective, and nootropic effects. This heptapeptide, derived from the naturally occurring human tetrapeptide Tuftsin, has been shown to possess a wide range of biological activities, including enhancing memory, reducing anxiety, and potentially mitigating the effects of neurodegenerative diseases.

Selank's primary mechanism of action involves its interaction with the GABAergic system, the body's main inhibitory neurotransmitter system. By modulating the activity of GABA receptors, Selank can exert a calming effect on the brain, reducing anxiety and enhancing cognitive function. Studies by Semenova et al. (2014) have demonstrated that Selank can enhance memory and learning in rats, suggesting potential applications in cognitive enhancement and the treatment of cognitive disorders.

In addition to its anxiolytic and nootropic effects, Selank has been shown to possess neuroprotective properties. Research by Ershov et al. (2016) found that Selank could protect neurons from oxidative stress, suggesting potential applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

Given its anxiolytic, nootropic, and neuroprotective effects, Selank has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent for a variety of conditions, including anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, a study by Medvedev et al. (2017) found that Selank could improve symptoms in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

While research on Selank is promising, it is important to note that most studies have been conducted in animals or in vitro. More research is needed to fully understand the potential effects and applications of Selank in humans. However, the existing body of research suggests that Selank could be a promising tool in the treatment of anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Mitochondrial-derived peptide (MOTS-c) is a novel bioactive peptide that has recently emerged as a significant player in the field of metabolic regulation and longevity research. Also known as Humanin-like 13 (HN13), this peptide is encoded within the mitochondrial genome and has been associated with a variety of metabolic processes, including glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and physical endurance.

MOTS-c is unique in that it is one of the few known peptides encoded by the mitochondrial genome. This peptide has been shown to target the skeletal muscle and enhance insulin sensitivity, thereby playing a crucial role in glucose metabolism. Research by Lee et al. (2015) demonstrated that MOTS-c administration in mice led to improved metabolic profiles, including reduced weight gain and enhanced insulin sensitivity.

The role of MOTS-c extends beyond metabolic regulation. Recent studies have suggested a potential role in aging and longevity. Kim et al. (2018) found that MOTS-c levels decrease with age in humans, suggesting that this peptide may play a role in the aging process. Furthermore, the same study found that MOTS-c supplementation could extend the lifespan of mice, indicating its potential as a longevity-promoting agent.

Given its role in metabolic regulation and potential effects on lifespan, MOTS-c has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for a variety of conditions, including metabolic disorders, age-related diseases, and even cancer. For instance, a study by Lu et al. (2020) suggested that MOTS-c could suppress the growth of colorectal cancer cells, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment.:

While the research on MOTS-c is still in its early stages, the findings so far are promising. This mitochondrial-derived peptide could revolutionize our understanding of metabolic regulation and aging. However, more research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action of MOTS-c and to translate these findings into therapeutic applications.

CJC-1295 is a synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog which regulates the GH–IGF-1 axis, aging biology, metabolism and peptide pharmacology. CJC-1295 identifies serum protein biomarkers downstream of GH/IGF-1 activation. CJC-1295 plays a role as a bridge compound between modified peptide therapeutics, native hypothalamic peptides and long-acting biologic hormone regulators.

Humanin, a small peptide derived from the mitochondrial genome, has emerged as a remarkable molecule with diverse cellular protective functions. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of Humanin, exploring its biochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and potential therapeutic applications in various disease contexts.

Humanin, initially discovered for its role in neuroprotection, has since garnered interest for its broad spectrum of cytoprotective effects. Derived from the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA, this small peptide plays a critical role in safeguarding cells from various stressors (Harvey, 2008). This paper delves into the complexities of Humanin, uncovering its multifaceted nature and potential clinical applications.

Humanin is a 24-amino acid peptide with a unique secondary structure that contributes to its cellular protective functions. It localizes to both the cytoplasm and mitochondria, where it interacts with various proteins involved in apoptotic and oxidative stress pathways (Hoang et al., 2019). Additionally, Humanin can undergo post-translational modifications, further diversifying its actions.

Humanin exerts its protective effects through multiple mechanisms. It interacts with the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, inhibiting its translocation to the mitochondria and preventing the release of cytochrome c (Hashimoto et al., 2001). Humanin also modulates the activities of caspases, key mediators of cell death pathways, thereby promoting cell survival in stressful conditions (Nakagawa et al., 2002).

Beyond its initial recognition as a neuroprotective agent, Humanin has demonstrated cytoprotective effects in various cell types, including cardiomyocytes, neurons, and endothelial cells (Chai et al., 2019). It attenuates oxidative stress, reduces mitochondrial dysfunction, and promotes cell viability, thereby safeguarding cells from a multitude of insults.

The multifaceted protective functions of Humanin offer promising therapeutic potential in various disease contexts. Research has shown its efficacy in mitigating neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and age-related pathologies (Muzumdar et al., 2009). Furthermore, Humanin's ability to attenuate inflammation and promote tissue repair opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.

What is the molecular weight/Mw of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE Protein?
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE Protein has a total Mw of 25kDa.

What is the source or expression system of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE Protein?
HEK293.

What is the Purity of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE Protein?
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE Protein?
The ED50 as determined by cAMP accumulation in human FSH Receptor transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary cells was found to be 80-450 pg/ml.

What is the amino acid sequence of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE Protein?
FSH subunit alpha: APDVQDCPECTLQENPFFSQPGAPILQCMGCCFSRAYPTPLR SKKTMLVQKNVTSESTCCVAKSYNRVTVMGGFKVENHTACHCSTCYYHKS.
FSH subunit beta: NSCELTNITIAIEKEECRFCISINTTWCAGYCYTRDLVYKDP ARPKIQKTCTFKELVYETVRVPGCAHHADSLYTYPVATQCHCGKCDSDSTDCTVRGLGPSYCSFGEMKE.

What applications can FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE Protein be used in?
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Who supplies recombinant FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE that is in stock and available to order?
ProSpec has the protein in stock and available for immediate delivery.

Where can I order bulk mg quantities of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE?
ProSpec supplies bulk mg quantities at affordable prices that meets research and academic budgets.

AOD-9604 is a synthetic analog of the C-terminal fragment (177–191) AOD-9604 stimulates lipolysis (fat breakdown) without the unwanted growth-promoting or insulin-antagonizing effects of full-length hGH. AOD-9604 is a potent lipolytic tool in animal models and researchers focus on its regenerative properties in joint health and its ability to modulate beta3 adrenergic receptors without the systemic risks of growth hormone.

What is the source or expression system of TSH HUMAN Protein?
Human pituitary glands

What is the Purity of TSH HUMAN Protein?
TSH HUMAN Protein is >95% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

What is the Biological Activity of TSH HUMAN Protein?
11.72 IU/mg vial by Centaur CP. Siemens Centaur CP is standardized against WHO 3rd IRP 81/565.

What applications can TSH HUMAN Protein be used in?
TSH HUMAN Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

What is the endotoxin level for TSH HUMAN Protein?
The endotoxin level is minimal, TSH HUMAN Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) is a neuropeptide which regulates the body's response to stress. CRH stimulates the release of ACTH from the pituitary gland which triggers the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. CRH takes part in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis which controls the production of cortisol and more various glucocorticoids. CRH is synthesized in different tissues such as the brainstem, hypothalamus and peripheral organs.