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Annexin A11 (ANXA11) belongs to the annexin family, which is a group of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. Annexins have distinctive N-terminal domains and conserved C-terminal domains, which contain the calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding sites. Annexin A11 binds specifically to calcyclin in a calcium-dependent manner. Moreover, ANXA11 is required for midbody formation and completion of the terminal phase of cytokinesis. The ANXA11 protein is a 56kDa antigen recognized by sera from patients with various autoimmune diseases.

Caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. In cell culture experiments and mice Morpholino antisense oligos have shown specific activity against Dengue virus.

Borrelia is a part of the genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum. Borrelia causes borreliosis, which is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted mainly by ticks and some by lice, depending on the species. Of the 36 known species of Borrelia, 12 are distinguished to cause Lyme disease or borreliosis and are transmitted by ticks. The main Borrelia species causing Lyme disease are Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii. Variable major protein like sequence E1 protein (VlsE1) is a borrelial surface protein which is the most sensitive protein for IgG antibody detection in all stages of Lyme disease.

Salmonella Typhi is a pathogen causing typhoid fever, affecting over 17 million people with approximately 600,000 deaths annually worldwide. If untreated, typhoid fever cases result in mortality rates ranging from 12-30%.

Caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. In cell culture experiments and mice Morpholino antisense oligos have shown specific activity against Dengue virus.

Caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. In cell culture experiments and mice Morpholino antisense oligos have shown specific activity against Dengue virus.

Annexin A8-like 2 (ANXA8L2) belongs to the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins. Annexin family members are regulators of such varied processes such as ion flux, endocytosis and exocytosis, and cellular adhesion. ANXA8L2 is a membrane binding protein with various properties, including voltage-sensitive calcium channel activity, ion selectivity and membrane fusion. ANXA8L2 overexpressionis linked to acute myelocytic leukemia. ANXA8L2 may act as an anticoagulant which indirectly inhibits the thromboplastin-specific complex.

Caused by one of four closely related virusserotypesof the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. In cell culture experiments and mice Morpholinoantisense oligos have shown specific activity against Dengue virus.

Borrelia belongs to a genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum. Borrelia causes borreliosis, which is a zoonotic, vector-borne disease transmitted mainly by ticks and some by lice, depending on the species. Of the 36 known species of Borrelia, 12 are distinguished to cause Lyme disease or borreliosis and are transmitted by ticks. The main Borrelia species causing Lyme disease are Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii. The Borrelia genus members have a linear chromosome which is about 900 kbp in length as well as an excess of both linear and circular plasmids in the 5-220 kbp size range. The plasmids are atypical, as compared to most bacterial plasmids, since they contain many paralogous sequences, a large number of pseudogenes and, in some cases, essential genes. Moreover, a number of the plasmids have features suggesting that they are prophages.

Caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. In cell culture experiments and mice Morpholino antisense oligos have shown specific activity against Dengue virus.

TBE is caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the family Flaviviridae.
A closely related virus in Far Eastern Eurasia, Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus (RSSEV).
The family Flaviviridae includes other tick-borne viruses are closely related to TBEV and RSSEV, such as Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus & Kyasanur Forest virus.
Louping ill virus is also a member of this family.

ASB8 is a substrate-recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin-Cullin-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that facilitates the ubiquitination and consequent proteasomal degradation of objective proteins.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes African swine fever (ASF), a disease of swine characterized by high morbidity and mortality. ASFV is a large DNA virus which belongs to Asfarviridae family. ASFV’s multilayered virion consists from up to 54 polypeptides while p30 is one of the early viral proteins. ASFV P30 is encoded by the CP204L gene and is one of the most antigenic structural proteinsi nvolved in ASFV entry.

The life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii has two phases. The coccidia like takes place only in members of the Felidae family which makes these animals the parasite's primary host. The asexual part of the life cycle can take place in any warm-blooded animal, like other mammals(including felines) and birds. T. gondii constructing daughter scaffolds within the mother cell. In the intermediate hosts (including felines), the parasite invades cells, forming intracellular so-called parasitophorous vacuoles containing bradyzoites, the slowly replicating form of the parasit. Vacuoles form tissue cysts mainly within the muscles and brain. Since they are within cells, the host's immune system does not detect these cysts. Resistance to antibiotics varies, but the cysts are very difficult to eradicate entirely. Within these vacuoles T. gondii propagates by a series of binary fissions until the infected cell eventually bursts and tachyzoites are released. Tachyzoites are the motile, asexually reproducing form of the parasite. Unlike the bradyzoites, the free tachyzoites are usually efficiently cleared by the host's immune response, although some manage to infect cells and form bradyzoites, thus maintaining the infection.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes African swine fever (ASF), a disease of swine characterized by high morbidity and mortality. ASFV is a large DNA virus which belongs to Asfarviridae family. ASFV’s multilayered virion consists from up to 54 polypeptides while p72 is the major capsid component. Middle part of p72 protein contains most epitopes tested by monoclonal antibodies, while C-terminal peptide of P72 isused for the genotyping of ASFV isolates.

Caused by one of four closely related virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, each serotype is sufficiently different that there is no cross-protection and epidemics caused by multiple serotypes (hyperendemicity) can occur. In cell culture experiments and mice Morpholino antisense oligos have shown specific activity against Dengue virus.

ANP32A often cooperate with MAP1B, TAF1A and Protein SET. ANP32A is involved in several cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis. Mapmodulin takes a part in E4F1-mediated transcriptional repression.

The life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii has two phases. The coccidia like takes place only in members of the Felidae family which makes these animals the parasite's primary host. The asexual part of the life cycle can take place in any warm-blooded animal, like other mammals(including felines) and birds. T. gondii constructing daughter scaffolds within the mother cell. In the intermediate hosts (including felines), the parasite invades cells, forming intracellular so-called parasitophorous vacuoles containing bradyzoites, the slowly replicating form of the parasit. Vacuoles form tissue cysts mainly within the muscles and brain. Since they are within cells, the host's immune system does not detect these cysts. Resistance to antibiotics varies, but the cysts are very difficult to eradicate entirely. Within these vacuoles T. gondii propagates by a series of binary fissions until the infected cell eventually bursts and tachyzoites are released. Tachyzoites are the motile, asexually reproducing form of the parasite. Unlike the bradyzoites, the free tachyzoites are usually efficiently cleared by the host's immune response, although some manage to infect cells and form bradyzoites, thus maintaining the infection.

Treponema pallidum is a gram-negative spirochaete bacterium and is considered to be metabolically crippled. There are at least four known subspecies: T. pallidum pallidum, T. pallidum pertenue, T. pallidum carateum and T. pallidum endemicum. The helical structure of T. pallidum pallidum allows it to move in a corkscrew motion through viscous mediums such as mucus. Treponema pallidum sub sp. pallidum has one of the smallest bacterial genomes at 1.14 million base pairs (Mb) and has limited metabolic capabilities, reflecting its adaptation through genome reduction to the rich environment of mammalian tissue.

Hemagglutinin-Influenza A Virus H7N9 Anhui 2013 (Anhui H7N9) is a part of the influenza viruses hemagglutinin family. H7N9 Anhui is anantigenic glycoprotein which is responsible for binding the virus to the infected cell. An H7N9 virus was firstreported to have infected humans in March 2013, in China. Although the risk is low, The H7N9 virus has thegreatest potential compared with other influenza A viruses to cause a pandemicbecause like other type A viruses, it is not easily transmitted between people in its current form.