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Alarelin (Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) is a synthetic LH-RH agonist that is found in higher amounts than that of LH-RH in rat hypophyseal stimulation of gonadotropin secretion in vivo and in vitro and in ovulation inductions. Alarelin is known for its induction of ovulation. Alarelin acetate is the acetate form of a hypothalamic peptide that stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland.

CXCL14 is involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. BRAK protein is structurally related to the CXC (Cys-X-Cys) subfamily of cytokines. CXCL14 displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils or macrophages. CXCL14 is involved in the homeostasis of monocyte-derived macrophages.

Galectin 3, or LGALS3, is a protein which belongs to the animal lectins family, that binds betagalactoside residues selectively. LGALS3 is originated and leaves cells through ectocytosis. The protein is capable of inhibition apoptosis and the development of cancer. Galectin 3 is found in epithelial tissues in organisms, it can be located in dendritic cells, Kupffer cells, macrophages etc. LGALS3 levels elevated when inflammation is generating, cell proliferation, trans-activation by viral proteins and cell differentiation.

GDF8 is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site which is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. This gene is thought to encode a secreted protein which negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is an enzyme that is a member of the MMP extracellular protease family. Extracellular protease enzymes, by virtue of their broad substrate specificities1, play a role in both normal and disease states of tissue proliferation. Among the targets of MMP-13 are collagen, gelatin, entactin, pro-TNF-a, and chemokine SDF-11-4.
MMP-13 is found in its latent form as a 52-56 kDa glycosylated proenzyme. Upon cleavage the 22-46 kDa5 MMP-1 becomes active in extracellular matrix remodeling.
Because of the prominent role that MMP-1 plays in cell migration and metastasis, it is an important target for inhibition screening.

EPO a is a member of the EPO/TPO family and encodes a secreted, glycosylated cytokine composed of four alpha helical bundles. EPO a is found in the plasma and regulates red cell production by promoting erythroid differentiation and initiating hemoglobin synthesis. EPO a also has neuroprotective activity against a variety of potential brain injuries and antiapoptotic functions in several tissue types.

Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Antigen Like 1 also known as TINAGL1 is similar in sequence to tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen, a secreted glycoprotein which is identified by antibodies in several types of immune-related tubulointerstitial nephritis. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms are known for TINAGL1.

EDN3 interacts with endothelin receptor B, on the surface of cells. Throughout embryonic development, EDN3 takes part in neural crest cells that migrate from the developing spinal cord to specific regions in the embryo, where they give rise to many different types of cells. EDN3 and EDN3R are necessary for the formation of nerves in the large intestine (enteric nerves) and melanocytes (produce melanin). Mutations in the EDN3 gene is linked with Waardenburg syndrome, type IV that is characterized by changes in skin, hair, and eye coloring. Mutations in the EDN3 gene is linked with Hirschsprung disease that causes severe constipation or intestinal blockage.

Human Retinol Binding Protein, also known as RBP, is responsible for transporting and binding vitamin A. Human RBP has a binding site for 1 molecule of retinol and circulates in the plasma together with prealbumin as a protein complex. The prealbumin binding prevents greater glomerular losses of the human RBP. Only the retinol-free form of the RBP, which has no affinity for prealbumin, undergoes glomerular filtration unhindered as a result of its low Mw. Human RBP is re-absorbed by the tubular cells and catabolized there.

Ebolavirus (EVD) belongs to the Filoviridae family of proteins which is comprised of a single-strand, non-infectious RNA genome. EVD genome is about 19,000 base pairs long and covers 7 genes in the order 3'-UTR-NP-VP35-VP40-GP-VP30-VP24-L-5'-UTR. There are 4 different ebolaviruses such as: Zaire (EBO-Z), Sudan (EBO-S), Cote d’Ivoire (EBO-CI) and Reston (EBO-R) that differ in amino acid sequence and location of where the gene overlaps. Except for the nucleocapsid and glycoprotein, VP40 is another Ebola structural protein. VP40 is a matrix protein which is essential for virion assembly as well as budding from infected cell. It has been shown that VP40 is one of target recognized by specific Ebola antibodies from Ebola virus infected patients.

The human cytomegalovirus UL99-encoded pp28 is a myristylated phosphoprotein that is a constituent of the virion. The pp28 protein is positioned within the tegument of the virus particle, a protein structure that resides between the capsid and envelope. In the infected cell, pp28 is found in a cytoplasmic compartment derived from the Golgi apparatus, where the virus buds into vesicles to acquire its final membrane.

Prolactin is a neuroendocrine hormone synthesized primarily by the pituitary gland but also a variety of other cell types including the placenta, brain and uterus. Its primary function is to promote and maintain lactation but has also been shown to have a role in breast cancer development, regulation of reproductive function and immunoregulation.

The OmpA protein is one of the main outer-membrane proteins of a large array of Gram-negative bacteria such as A.salmonicida, Shigella dysenteriae and E.coli.OmpA’s major physiological functions include maintenance of the structural integrity and morphology of the cells and porin activity, as well as a role in conjugation and bacteriophage binding.Achromogenic atypical Aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of goldfish ulcer disease.Virulence of this bacterium is associated with the production of a paracrystalline outer membrane A-layer protein.The species specific structural gene for the monomeric form of A-protein was cloned into a pET-3d plasmid in order to express and produce a recombinant form of the protein in E.coli BL21(DE3). The induced protein was isolated from inclusion bodies by a simple solubilization-renaturation procedure and purified by ion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose to over 95% pure monomeric protein.Recombinant A-protein was compared by biochemical, immunological and molecular methods with the A-protein isolated from atypical A.salmonicida bacterial cells by the glycine and the membrane extraction methods.

Cholera Toxin B subunit (ctxB) Cholera is a protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ctxB is responsible for the massive, watery diarrhea characteristic of cholera infection. The cholera toxin is an oligomeric complex made up of 6 protein subunits: a single copy of the A subunit and5 copies of the B subunit, denoted as AB5. Subunit B binds while subunit A activates the G protein which activates adenylate cyclase. The five B subunits form a five-membered ring. The A subunit has 2 important segments. The A1 portion of the chain (CTA1) is a globular enzyme payload that ADP-ribosylates G proteins, while the A2 chain (CTA2) forms an extended alpha helix which sits snugly in the central pore of the B subunit ring.

The Melanoma Inhibitory protein (MIA) was identified as an inhibitor of in vitro growth of malignant melanoma cells. The protein contains a SH3 domain.
MIA acts as a potent tumor cell growth inhibitor for malignant melanoma cells and some other neuroectodermal tumors, including gliomas, in an autocrine fashion. In a study of human melanoma cell lines with different metastatic capacity MIA mRNA expression appeared to be inversely correlated with pigmentation. MIA has been shown to represent a very sensitive and specific serum marker for systemic malignant melanoma that might be useful for staging of primary melanomas, detection of progression from localized to metastatic disease during follow-up, and monitoring therapy of advanced melanomas.

DCTN2 is a 50kDa subunit of dynactin, which is a macromolecular complex consisting of 10-11 subunits ranging in size from 22 to 150 kDa. Dynactin binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein. Dynactin is involved in a various cellular functions, including ER-to-Golgi transport, the centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes, spindle formation, chromosome movement, nuclear positioning, and axonogenesis. The DCTN2 subunit is present in 4-5 copies per dynactin molecule. DCTN2 is comprised of 3 short alpha-helical coiled-coil domains which mediate association with self or other dynactin subunits. DCTN2 interacts directly with the largest subunit (p150) of dynactin and is able to affix p150 in place. DCTN2 modulates cytoplasmic dynein binding to an organelle, and plays a part in prometaphase chromosome alignment and spindle organization during mitosis. DCTN2 is involved in anchoring microtubules to centrosomes. DCTN2 has a role in synapse formation during brain development.

FSCN1 is an actin-bundling protein that is responsible for rigidity to filopodial bundles to efficiently push the membrane forward during cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration. FSCN1 takes part in the gathering of actin filament bundles present in microspikes, membrane ruffles, and stress fibers. FSCN1 is absent from most normal epithelia though is upregulated in multiple forms of human carcinoma, where its expression associates clinically with a poor prognosis. FSCN1 expression is abundantly found in neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells.

Salmonella Typhi is a pathogen causing typhoid fever, affecting over 17 million people with approximately 600,000 deaths annually worldwide. If untreated, typhoid fever cases result in mortality rates ranging from 12-30%.

Thyroxine binding globulin, also known as SERPINA7, is synthesized in the liver and carried in the blood.
SERPINA7 may be decreased or increased in a number of diseases. Its main value in diagnosis is to assess thyroid function by determining the amount of free T3/T4.
Thyroxine binding globulin, binds and transports thyroid hormones in the circulation. SERPINA7 carries the majority of the T3/T4 in the blood. SERPINA7 has only one binding site for T3/T4 and about 25% of Thyroxine binding globulin is usually saturated.