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UBL3 - a member of the ubiquitin-like family is found in the membrane. UBL3 holds two N-glycosylation sites, a C-terminal prenylation site and a protein kinase C phosphorylation site. Even though Ubiquitin-like proteins are not directly involved in protein degradation, it seems they have several mechanistic similarities to the ubiquitin pathway.

The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which holds an extremely organized 20S core structure shaped like a ring. The central structure is assembled from 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. There is a high concentration of proteasomes all over the eukaryotic cells and their job is to cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent procedure in a non-lysosomal pathway. PSMA3 encodes several of the peptidase T1A family which is a 20S core alpha subunit. Two alternative transcripts encoding diverse isoforms were recognized.

Anamorsin, ( CIAPIN) is a member of anamorsin family. CIAPIN mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of liver, pancreas and heart tissue cells and does not show any homology to known apoptosis regulatory molecules of the Bcl-2 or CASP families, or to signal transduction molecules. CIAPIN1 Expression is reliant on growth factor stimulation. It is a ubiquitously expressed protein, and when it is overexpressed, it grants apoptotic resistance.

PSMG4 is a chaperone protein that enhances assembly of the 20S proteasome. PSMG4 cooperates with alpha and beta subunits of the 20S proteasome and with PSMG3 but disconnects when the POMP is recruited before the formation of half-proteasomes.

VAMP8 also called endobrevin, is the main component of a SNARE complex involved in the docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. VAMP8 protein is involved in the regulatation of enzyme secretion in pancreatic acinar cells and plays a part in the abscission of the midbody during cell division, which leads to completely separate daughter cells. VAMP8 is essential for dense-granule secretion in platelets. VAMP8 is related with the perinuclear vesicular structures of the early endocytic compartment. VAMP8 interacts particularly with the soluble NSF-attachment protein (alpha-SNAP), through an VAMP8-containing SNARE complex.

MAPKSP1 is a scaffold protein which operates in the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade. MAPKSP1 protein is restricted to late endosomes by the mitogen-activated protein-binding protein-interacting protein, and binds specifically to MAP kinase kinase MAP2K1/MEK1, MAP kinase MAPK3/ERK1, and MAP kinase MAPK1/ERK2.

CPLX1 is part of the SNARE family complex binding proteins that are catalysts or inhibitors of vesicle exocytosis. CPLX1 shows reduced Ca2+-triggered fast neurotransmitter release at hippocampal glutamatergic synapses, indicating that CPLX1 is a positive regulator of transmitter release. In contrast, CPLX1 inhibits SNARE-mediated liposome and cell fusions in vitro, that result in hypothesis thus acts as a fusion clamp of synaptic exocytosis. CPLX1 regulates a late step in synaptic vesicle exocytosis.

RBM3 belongs to the glycine-rich RNA-binding protein family and encodes a protein with one RNArecognition motif (RRM) domain. By cold shock and low oxygen tension the expression of this gene is induced. On chromosome 1 a pseudogene exists. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.Diseases associated with RBM3 include vaccinia, andcryptorchidism. GO annotations linked to this gene include RNA binding and ribosomal large subunit binding. An important paralog of this gene is RBMY1J.

IL-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine that stimulates the production of IFNgamma from T-cells and natural killer cells, and also induces differentiation of Th1 helper cells. IL-12 is an initiator of cell-mediated immunity.

IL17 is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated T cells. IL-17 regulates the activities of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Interleukin-17 can stimulate the expression of IL6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX-2), as well as enhance the production of nitric oxide (NO). High levels of IL-17 are associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis.

Interleukin-6 Signal Transducer or IL6ST is a receptor, part of the family of class 1 cytokine receptor. IL6ST binds to IL-6 through membrane-anchored or soluble IL-6R starts a connection between another complex of IL6ST and IL-6 , thus forming a homo-dimer and a signal transduction occurs.

SAA1 protein is an acute phase apolipoprotein reactant which is produced mostly by hepatocytes and under regulation of inflammatory cytokines. SAA1 (Serum amyloid A1) protein is produced mainly in the liver and circulates in low levels in the blood. The SAA1 seems to have a role in the immune system. SAA1 protein levels increase in the blood and other tissues under conditions of inflammation. SAA1 may facilitate the repair of injured tissues; it also acts as an antibacterial agent, and signals the migration of germ-fighting cells to sites of infection. SAA1 also functions as an apolipoprotein of the HDL complex.
Elevated levels of SAA1 ultimately affect secondary amyloidosis, extracellular amassing of amyloid fibrils, resulting from a circulating precursor, in a variety of tissues and organs. The most widespread type of amyloidosis appears secondary to chronic inflammatory disease, mainly rheumatoid arthritis. The SAA1 cleavage product a designated amyloid protein A is deposited systemically as amyloid in vital organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidneys in chronic inflammatory diseases patients. These deposits are extremely insoluble and resistant to proteolysis; they disrupt tissue structure and compromise performance.

Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I F (HLA-F) belongs to the MHC family which takes part in the presentation of antigens to the T cell receptor. HLA-F is a member of the class I molecules which are expressed in virtually all cells. There are 2 classes of HLA antigens. Class I molecules takes an important part in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Annexin A8-like 2 (ANXA8L2) belongs to the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins. Annexin family members are regulators of such varied processes such as ion flux, endocytosis and exocytosis, and cellular adhesion. ANXA8L2 is a membrane binding protein with various properties, including voltage-sensitive calcium channel activity, ion selectivity and membrane fusion. ANXA8L2 overexpressionis linked to acute myelocytic leukemia. ANXA8L2 may act as an anticoagulant which indirectly inhibits the thromboplastin-specific complex.

SNRPC is a member of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C family. The SNRPC protein component of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle required for the formation of the spliceosome. SNRPC participates in the processing of nuclear precursor messenger RNA splicing. snRNP particles are tackled by autoantibodies frequently produced by patients with connective tissue diseases.

Egl Nine Homolog 3 (EGLN3) belongs to the EGLN family of prolyl hydroxylases. EGLN3 catalyzes hydroxylation of the ? subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor-?, which targets hypoxia-inducible factor-? for ubiquitination by a ubiquitin ligase complex containing the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor. EGLN3 is the most significant isozyme in limiting physiological activation of HIFs (especially HIF2A) in hypoxia. EGLN3 is activated in cardiovascular cells and Hela cells after exposure to hypoxia. In addition, EGLN3 hydroxylates PKM2 in hypoxia, thus limiting glycolysis. Under normoxia, EGLN3 hydroxylates and regulates the stability of ADRB2. EGLN3 is inhibited by polynitrogen compounds possibly by chelation to Fe2+ ions.

Sjogren syndrome/scleroderma autoantigen 1, SSSCA1 is involved in mitosis. SSSCA1 is a centromere-associated protein which can induce anti-centromere antibodies. In addition SSSCA1 is recognized by a subset of anti-centromere antibodies from patients with sclerodermaand Sjogren's syndrome.

BMP2 belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. Bone morphogenic protein induces bone formation. BMP2 is a candidate gene for the autosomal dominant disease of fibrodysplasia (myositis) ossificans progressiva.

BUD31 is a member of the BUD31 (G10) family. BUD31 is a nuclear protein which contains a putative nuclear translocation sequence, an N-terminal acidic domain and a cysteine-rich C-terminal domain containing a putative Zinc-finger structure. Based on the structure of BUD31 it is suggested that BUD31 might be a nuclear regulator of transcription.

Interleukin-9 is a protein that acts as one of the regulators of hematopoiesis. IL-9 is an enhancer of cells and megakaryoblastic leukemic cells’ growth. Among this protein’s producers we can find cells like mast cells, Treg, NKT cells, Th17, Th2, ILC2, and Th9 cells in various amounts. Th9 are the primary CD4 cells (T cells) that IL-9 is produced in.

KLK7 catalyzes the degradation of intercellular cohesive structures in the cornified layer of the skin in the continuous shedding of cells from the skin surface. Specific for amino acid residues with aromatic side chains in the P1 position. KLK7 cleaves insulin B chain at ''6-Leu- -Cys-7'', ''16-Tyr- -Leu-17'', ''25-Phe- -Tyr-26'' and ''26-Tyr--Thr-27''. KLK7 is involved in the activation of precursors to inflammatory cytokines.

Ro 60 kDa autoantigen is an RNA-binding protein that binds to several small cytoplasmic RNA molecules known as Y RNAs. SSA2 may stabilize these RNAs from degradation. Sera taken from patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) often contains antibodies that react with the normal cellular SSA2 protein as if this antigen was foreign.

ZW10 Interacting Kinetochore Protein (ZWINT) is involved in kinetochore function. ZWINT is part of the MIS12 complex, which is essential for kinetochore formation and spindle checkpoint activity. ZWINT is localized to the cytoplasm during interphase and to kinetochores from late prophase to anaphase. ZWINT interacts with ZW10 (Zeste White 10) and regulates the association between ZW10 and kinetochores. ZWINT gene defects are linked with the pathogenesis of Roberts’s syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by growth retardation due to premature chromosome separation.

PSMB10 is a member of the proteasome B-type family (T1B family) which is a 20S core beta subunit. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with an extremely ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. This core structure is comprised of four rings of 28 non-identical subunits; two rings are composed of seven alpha subunits and two rings are composed of seven beta subunits. Proteasomes are circulated in eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. A crucial function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. PSMB10 gene expression is induced by INFg, and it replaces catalytic subunit 2 (proteasome beta 7 subunit) in the immunoproteasome.