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C-Src Tyrosine Kinase, also known as CSK, regulates cell growth, migration, differentiation, and immune response. CSK Phosphorylates tyrosine residues located in the C-terminal tails of Src-family kinases. CSK is a protein coding gene which suppresses signaling by several surface receptors. Among CSK's related pathways are PI-3K cascade and Signaling by FGFR.

SRGN is identified as a hematopoietic cell granule proteoglycan. Proteoglycans stored in the secretory granules of various hematopoietic cells also hold a protease-resistant peptide core, and is vital for neutralizing hydrolytic enzymes. SRGN is related to the macromolecular complex of granzymes and perforin that acts as a intermediary of granule-mediated apoptosis.

Cell Adhesion Molecule 1, also known as CADM1 belongs to the nectin family. CADM1 mediates homophilic cell-cell adhesion in a Ca2+-independent manner as well as mediating heterophilic cell-cell adhesion with CADM3 and PVRL3 in a Ca2+-independent manner. Furthermore, CADM1 perform as a tumor suppressor in non-small-cell lung cancer, NSCLC, cells. The interaction with CRTAM promotes natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity & IFN-gamma secretion by CD8+ cells in vitro over and above NK cell-mediated rejection of tumors expressing CADM3 in vivo.

BCDIN3D is a member of the methyltransferase superfamily and contains 1 Bin3-type SAM domain. BCDIN3D acts in the catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule. BCDIN3D is an O-methyltransferase which specifically dimethylates the 5' monophosphate of pre-miRNAs, serving as a negative regulator of miRNA processing. BCDIN3D mediates the methylation of pre-miR-145, as well as other pre-miRNAs.

SAR1A is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. SAR1A is a vital component of COPII vesicle coats involved in export of cargo from the ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum). The GTPase activity of SAR1A serves as a molecular switch to control protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions which dictate vesicle budding from the ER. SAR1A, while GDP-bound interacts with the membrane-bound exchange factor Sec12 and trades its bound GDP for GTP. SAR1A is also involved in the transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. SAR1A is required to maintain SEC16A localization at distinct locations on the ER membrane possibly by preventing its dissociation. SAR1A-GTP-dependent compilation of SEC16A on the ER membrane creates a structured scaffold defining endoplasmic reticulum exit sites.

ERGIC And Golgi 3, also known as ERGIC3 is a member of the ERGIC family and interacts with ERGIC1/ERGIC32. ERGIC3 takes part in the transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. One of the diseases which is associated with ERGIC3 is Breast Cancer.

PRRX1 is part of the paired family of homeobox proteins. PRRX1 functions as a transcription co-activator, enhancing the DNA-binding activity of serum response factor, a protein required for the induction of genes by growth and differentiation factors. PRRX1 also regulates muscle creatine kinase, and therefore has a part in the establishment of diverse mesodermal muscle types. The protein binds to an A/T-rich element in the muscle creatine enhancer. Among the diseases associated with PRRX1 are agnathia-otocephaly complex, and pleomorphic liposarcoma.

DERF1 is a thiol protease that hydrolyzes proteins, with a preference for Phe or basic residues. DERF1 is a C1 peptidase family member. DERF1 has extensive endopeptidase specificity. DERF1 causes an allergic reaction in humans. Common symptoms of mite allergy are bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis.

The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of secreted signaling molecules that can induce ectopic bone growth. Many BMPs are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) superfamily. BMPs were originally identified by an ability of demineralized bone extract to induce endochondral osteogenesis in vivo in an extraskeletal site. Based on its expression early in embryogenesis, the BMP encoded by this gene has a proposed role in early development. In addition, the fact that this BMP is closely related to BMP5 and BMP7 has lead to speculation of possible bone inductive activity.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. CXCL10 is secreted by several cell types in response to IFN-?. These cell types include monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. CXCL10 has been attributed to several roles, such as chemoattraction for monocytes and T cells, promotion of T cell adhesion to endothelial cells, antitumor activity, and inhibition of bone marrow colony formation and angiogenesis. The gene for CXCL10 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster among several other CXC chemokines. This chemokine elicits its effects by binding to the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3. The three-dimensional crystal structure of this chemokine has been determined under 3 different conditions to a resolution of up to 1.92A.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 (NGFR) BELONGS TO the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with an extensive pattern of expression in tissues such as the brain, liver, lung, and muscle. NGFR has a role in the regulation of the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell surface in adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells in response to insulin, possibly by regulating RAB31 activity, and thus contributes to the regulation of insulin-dependent glucose uptake. NGFRs are low affinity receptors which can bind to NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4. NGFR mediates cell survival as well as cell death of neural cells.

SDCBP is a multifunctional intracellular adapter protein. SDCBP protein has tandemly repeated PDZ domains which react with the FYA (phe-tyr-ala) carboxyterminal amino acid sequence of the syndecans. SDCBP is has a role in organization of protein complexes in the plasma membranes, regulation of B-cell development, activation of transcription factors, intracellular trafficking and cell-surface targeting, synaptic transmission, and axonal outgrowth.

CARD18 belongs to the death-domain-fold superfamily which is induced by proinflammatory stimuli. CARD18 contains basically only a Caspase recruitment domain, inhibits generation of IL-1b by cooperating with caspase-1 and inhibiting connotation with RIP 2. The connotation of CARD18 to caspase-1 is enabled by the charge-charge interactions between the prodomain of caspase-1 and the surface charge of CARD18.

Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are cytosolic phosphoproteins involved in neuronal differentiation and axonal guidance. CRMP2 was previously shown to mediate the repulsive effect of Sema3A on axons and to participate in axonal specification. The X-ray crystal structure of murine CRMP1 was determined at 2.1 resolution and demonstrates that CRMP1 is a bilobed ‘lung-shaped’ protein forming a tetrameric assembly.

Protein Kinase, AMP-Activated, Alpha 1 (PRKAA1) is a protein coding gene which is the catalytic subunit of AMPK. AMPK is an energy sensor protein kinase which regulates cellular energy metabolism. AMPK adjusts the activity of various important metabolic enzymes by direct phosphorylation. Among its other features, AMPK protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways.

TAR DNA Binding Protein (TARDBP) was initially recognized as a transcriptional repressor which binds to chromosomally integrated TAR DNA and represses HIV-1 transcription. In addition, TARDBP has been detected in individuals diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy as well, which is a condition that often imitates ALS andhas been related with athletes who have experienced multiple concussions and other types of head injury.TARDBP has been shown to bind both DNA and RNA, it has multiple functions in transcriptional repression, pre-mRNAsplicing and translational regulation.

Regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4) is a protein which regulates G protein signaling. Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family members are regulatory molecules which act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. Heterotrimeric G proteins serve to convey information from cell surface receptors to intracellular effectors.

TRAPPC3 is a part of the TRAPP complex that takes part in connection of transport vesicles to the cis-Golgi membrane. Additionally, TRAPPC3 is involved in vesicular transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi.

Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence. This gene encodes defensin, beta 103A, which has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and may play an important role in innate epithelial defense.

The MutS DNA Mismatch Protein Identifies heteroduplex DNAs comprising mis-paired or unpaired bases. The MutS DNA Mismatch Protein binds in vitro to heteroduplex DNAs comprising mis-paired or unpaired bases over a varied temperature range from 4-70 °C and obtains a thermostable ATPase activity. The MutS DNA Mismatch Protein is active at temperature between 0 to 75°C. Since The MutS DNA Mismatch Protein competently binds to 1-4 bases deletion (or insertion) and mismatch base pairs of GT, CT and AG, it is suitable for sensing these mutations. Mutations can be distinguished in polyacrylamide gels or on a solid phase such as Ni agarose or beads or magnetic Ni-NTA particles.

MRPL28 is found in a variety of normal tissues such as spleen, testis, thymus, liver, kidney, brain, adrenal, lung and retinal tissue. 39S ribosomal protein L28, mitochondrial (MRPL28), is a part of the ribosomal protein L28P family. Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins encoded by nuclear genes and helps in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. MRPL28 is an important therapeutic reagent for HLA-A24 (A24) patients since this antigen is distinguished by tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) 1290, which targets the A24 serotype.

SERTA domain-containing protein (SERTAD1) functions with E2F-responsive promoters to integrate signals provided by PHD- and/or bromodomain-containing transcription factors. SERTAD1 stimulates E2F-1/DP-1 transcriptional activity. SERTAD1 reduces the activity of cyclin D1/CDK4 resistant to the inhibitory effects of p16(INK4a). In addition, SERTAD1 interacts with the PHD-bromodomain of TIF1, TRIM28/TIF1B and p300/CBP. Furthermore, SERTAD1 binds to DP1 and interacts with CDK4.

Recombinant Human Sonic Hedgehog is part of a small group of secreted proteins that are vital for development in both vertebrates and invertebrates. 3 mammalian hedgehog genes (sonic, desert, Indian) share about 60% homology. The Human Sonic Hedgehog is 99% homologous to the mouse gene. Sonic HedgeHog is a protein that is vital in guding the early embryo. It has been associated as the major inductive signal in patterning of the ventral neural tube, the anterior-posterior limb axis, and the ventral somites. Sonic HedgeHog binds to the patched receptor, which functions in association with smoothened, to activate the transcription of target genes. In the absence of sonic HedgeHog, patched receptor represses the constitutive signaling activity of smoothened. Sonic HedgeHog also regulates another factor, the gli oncogene. Sonic HedgeHog intercellular signal is essential for a various patterning events during development: signal produced by the notochord that induces ventral cell fate in the neural tube and somites, and the polarizing signal for patterning of the anterior-posterior axis of the developing limb bud. Sonic HedgeHog exhibits both floor plate- and motor neuron-inducing activity. Mutations in a long-range Sonic HedgeHog enhancer located in an intron of the limb region 1 gene result in preaxial polydactyly.